Linux Virsh 控制虚拟机

Virsh 命令对虚拟机操作

参考文档

• https://www.cnblogs.com/potato-chip/p/10484917.html
• https://www.cnblogs.com/longchang/p/12300129.html

virsh define 创建虚拟机

1. 首先需要创建一个稀疏镜像

# 校验镜像是否正确
qemu-img check 镜像名

# 创建一个qcow2的稀疏文件虚拟磁盘文件，就是说刚创建出来的文件并没有8G，它会随着数据的增多慢慢增加，直到80G;

qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b /path/name.qcow2 -o backing_fmt=qcow2 /path/new_name.qcow2 80G

# 参数说明: 
	#  -f： 指定镜像格式， 
	#  -o：指定选项 
	#  /root/kvm.qcow2 表示指定创建的虚拟磁盘路径 
	#  80G指定磁盘大小;
	#  backing_fmt, 设置后端镜像的镜像格式

2. 创建一个 xml 文件

• 参考文章
• https://www.cnblogs.com/mrwuzs/p/8037058.html
• https://blog.csdn.net/qq_15437629/article/details/77827033

Python 生成一个 uuid 作为虚拟机的 uuid

import uuid

# 基于时间戳生成一个 uuid
def get_uuid():
    instance = uuid.uuid1()
    return instance

xml 折叠代码

<domain type='kvm'>
    <name>generic</name>
    <uuid>f3a9ac9b-32fc-4fe0-bb63-8a970db3b50d</uuid>
    <memory unit='KiB'>10485760</memory>
    <currentMemory unit='KiB'>10485760</currentMemory>
    <vcpu placement='static'>8</vcpu>
    <os>
        <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0'>hvm</type>
        <boot dev='hd'/>
    </os>
    <features>
        <acpi/>
        <apic/>
    </features>
    <cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='partial'>
        <model fallback='allow'>Broadwell</model>
    </cpu>
    <clock offset='utc'>
        <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
        <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
        <timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
    </clock>
    <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
    <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
    <on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
    <pm>
        <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>
        <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>
    </pm>
    <devices>
        <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
        <disk type='file' device='disk'>
            <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
            <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/generic.qcow2'/>
            <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
            <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>
        </disk>
        <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
            <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
            <target dev='hdb' bus='ide'/>
            <readonly/>
            <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='1'/>
        </disk>
        <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
            <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x7'/>
        </controller>
        <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
            <master startport='0'/>
            <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
        </controller>
        <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>
            <master startport='2'/>
            <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x1'/>
        </controller>
        <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>
            <master startport='4'/>
            <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x2'/>
        </controller>
        <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'/>
        <controller type='ide' index='0'>
            <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
        </controller>
        <controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'>
            <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
        </controller>
        <interface type='network'>
            <mac address='52:54:00:29:5b:67'/>
            <source network='default'/>
            <model type='rtl8139'/>
            <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
        </interface>
        <serial type='pty'>
            <target type='isa-serial' port='0'>
                <model name='isa-serial'/>
            </target>
        </serial>
        <console type='pty'>
            <target type='serial' port='0'/>
        </console>
        <channel type='spicevmc'>
            <target type='virtio' name='com.redhat.spice.0'/>
            <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/>
        </channel>
        <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
        <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/>
        <graphics type='spice' autoport='yes'>
            <listen type='address'/>
            <image compression='off'/>
        </graphics>
        <sound model='ich6'>
            <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
        </sound>
        <video>
            <model type='qxl' ram='65536' vram='65536' vgamem='16384' heads='1' primary='yes'/>
            <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
        </video>
        <redirdev bus='usb' type='spicevmc'>
            <address type='usb' bus='0' port='1'/>
        </redirdev>
        <redirdev bus='usb' type='spicevmc'>
            <address type='usb' bus='0' port='2'/>
        </redirdev>
        <memballoon model='virtio'>
            <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>
        </memballoon>
    </devices>
</domain>

3. 创建虚拟机

virsh define ./instance_xml_name.xml

virsh 其他操作

• 删除虚拟机

# 先关机 在删除 
virsh destroy  虚拟机名称
virsh undefine 虚拟机名称 

• 关闭虚拟机

virsh shutdown 虚拟机名称

• 强制关闭虚拟机

virsh destory 虚拟机名称

virsh 虚拟机快照

• 创建虚拟机快照

virsh snapshot-create-as 虚拟机名称 快照名称
# domain 是指虚拟机的名字
# snapshot-name 是指快照的名字

• 查看快照列表和详情信息

virsh snapshot-list 虚拟机名称 快照名称

• 恢复快照

virsh snapshot-revert 虚拟机名称 快照名称

• 删除快照

virsh snapshot-delete 虚拟机名称 快照名称

virsh lv卷：作为虚拟机后端存储

查看虚拟机的虚拟磁盘

$ virsh domblklist <虚拟机名称>

挂载一个 LV 作为虚拟机硬盘

$ virsh attach-disk instance_name /dev/vg_name/lv_name vde --driver qemu

$ virsh <虚拟机名字> <挂载的lv> <lv 所在的硬盘> 
	--derver <设备驱动 qemu> 
	--mode <挂载的类型>  # --mode shareable
	
OPTIONS
    [--domain] <string>  domain name, id or uuid
    [--source] <string>  source of disk device
    [--target] <string>  target of disk device 一般为vdb，vdc...
    --driver <string>  driver of disk device
    --mode <string>  mode of device reading and writing
    --subdriver 镜像文件的格式

卸载一块虚拟磁盘

# 卸载某一台虚拟机上的虚拟磁盘
$ virsh detach-device <虚拟机名称> <target:一般为 sdb sdbc>

# 
$ virsh domlblist <虚拟机名称>