实验3:OpenFlow协议分析实践

实验3:OpenFlow协议分析实践

一、实验目的

  1. 能够运用 wireshark 对 OpenFlow 协议数据交互过程进行抓包;
  2. 能够借助包解析工具,分析与解释 OpenFlow协议的数据包交互过程与机制。

二、实验环境

Ubuntu 20.04 Desktop amd64

三、实验要求

(一)基本要求

  1. 搭建下图所示拓扑,完成相关 IP 配置,并实现主机与主机之间的 IP 通信。用抓包软件获取控制器与交换机之间的通信数据。
 
主机IP地址
h1 192.168.0.101/24
h2 192.168.0.102/24
h3 192.168.0.103/24
h4 192.168.0.104/24

 

 

 

2.查看抓包结果,分析OpenFlow协议中交换机与控制器的消息交互过程,画出相关交互图或流程图。

(1)HELLO
控制器6633端口(我最高能支持OpenFlow 1.0) ---> 交换机41390端口

 

 

交换机41390端口(我最高能支持OpenFlow 1.5) ---> 控制器6633端口

 

 

于是双方建立连接,并使用OpenFlow 1.0

(2)FEATURES_REQUEST

  从控制器6633端口到交换机41390端口,请求特征信息。

 

 

(3)SET_CONFIG

  控制器6633端口(请按照我给你的flag和max bytes of packet进行配置) ---> 交换机41390端口

 

(4)FEATURES_REPLY

  交换机41390端口(这是我的特征信息,请查收) ---> 控制器6633端口

 

 

 

(5)PACKET_IN

  交换机41390端口(有数据包进来,请指示)--- 控制器6633端口

 

(6)FLOW_MOD

  分析抓取的flow_mod数据包,控制器通过6633端口向交换机41390端口下发流表项,指导数据的转发处理

 

 

(7)PACKET_OUT

  控制器6633端口(请按照我给你的action进行处理) ---> 交换机41390端口

 

 

 

 

3.回答问题:交换机与控制器建立通信时是使用TCP协议还是UDP协议?

使用TCP协议,如图所示可以看出,拓扑文件中也有写出是使用TCP协议

 

 

 

 

 

(二)进阶要求

将抓包基础要求第2步的抓包结果对照OpenFlow源码,了解OpenFlow主要消息类型对应的数据结构定义。

(1)HELLO

 

 

 

/* Header on all OpenFlow packets. */
struct ofp_header {
    uint8_t version;    /* OFP_VERSION. */
    uint8_t type;       /* One of the OFPT_ constants. */
    uint16_t length;    /* Length including this ofp_header. */
    uint32_t xid;       /* Transaction id associated with this packet.
                           Replies use the same id as was in the request
                           to facilitate pairing. */
};

(2)FEATURES_REQUEST

 

源码与OFPT_HELLO代码一致(因为ofp_header为所有报文的头)

(3)OFPT_SET_CONFIG

 

/* Switch configuration. */
struct ofp_switch_config {
    struct ofp_header header;
    uint16_t flags;             /* OFPC_* flags. */
    uint16_t miss_send_len;     /* Max bytes of new flow that datapath should
                                   send to the controller. */
};

(4)OFPT_FEATURES_REPLY

 

 

/* Switch features. */
struct ofp_switch_features {
    struct ofp_header header;
    uint64_t datapath_id;   /* Datapath unique ID.  The lower 48-bits are for
                               a MAC address, while the upper 16-bits are
                               implementer-defined. */

    uint32_t n_buffers;     /* Max packets buffered at once. */

    uint8_t n_tables;       /* Number of tables supported by datapath. */
    uint8_t pad[3];         /* Align to 64-bits. */

    /* Features. */
    uint32_t capabilities;  /* Bitmap of support "ofp_capabilities". */
    uint32_t actions;       /* Bitmap of supported "ofp_action_type"s. */

    /* Port info.*/
    struct ofp_phy_port ports[0];  /* Port definitions.  The number of ports
                                      is inferred from the length field in
                                      the header. */
};

(5)OFPT_PACKET_IN

有两种情况:

交换机查找流表,发现没有匹配条目,但是这种包没有抓到过

enum ofp_packet_in_reason {
    OFPR_NO_MATCH,          /* No matching flow. */
    OFPR_ACTION             /* Action explicitly output to controller. */
};

 

 

/* Packet received on port (datapath -> controller). */
struct ofp_packet_in {
    struct ofp_header header;
    uint32_t buffer_id;     /* ID assigned by datapath. */
    uint16_t total_len;     /* Full length of frame. */
    uint16_t in_port;       /* Port on which frame was received. */
    uint8_t reason;         /* Reason packet is being sent (one of OFPR_*) */
    uint8_t pad;
    uint8_t data[0];        /* Ethernet frame, halfway through 32-bit word,
                               so the IP header is 32-bit aligned.  The
                               amount of data is inferred from the length
                               field in the header.  Because of padding,
                               offsetof(struct ofp_packet_in, data) ==
                               sizeof(struct ofp_packet_in) - 2. */
};

 

 

/* Send packet (controller -> datapath). */
struct ofp_packet_out {
    struct ofp_header header;
    uint32_t buffer_id;           /* ID assigned by datapath (-1 if none). */
    uint16_t in_port;             /* Packet's input port (OFPP_NONE if none). */
    uint16_t actions_len;         /* Size of action array in bytes. */
    struct ofp_action_header actions[0]; /* Actions. */
    /* uint8_t data[0]; */        /* Packet data.  The length is inferred
                                     from the length field in the header.
                                     (Only meaningful if buffer_id == -1.) */
};

(7)FLOW_MOD

 

 

/* Flow setup and teardown (controller -> datapath). */
struct ofp_flow_mod {
    struct ofp_header header;
    struct ofp_match match;      /* Fields to match */
    uint64_t cookie;             /* Opaque controller-issued identifier. */

    /* Flow actions. */
    uint16_t command;             /* One of OFPFC_*. */
    uint16_t idle_timeout;        /* Idle time before discarding (seconds). */
    uint16_t hard_timeout;        /* Max time before discarding (seconds). */
    uint16_t priority;            /* Priority level of flow entry. */
    uint32_t buffer_id;           /* Buffered packet to apply to (or -1).
                                     Not meaningful for OFPFC_DELETE*. */
    uint16_t out_port;            /* For OFPFC_DELETE* commands, require
                                     matching entries to include this as an
                                     output port.  A value of OFPP_NONE
                                     indicates no restriction. */
    uint16_t flags;               /* One of OFPFF_*. */
    struct ofp_action_header actions[0]; /* The action length is inferred
                                            from the length field in the
                                            header. */
};

 

 

个人总结

实验难度

这次实验建立在前几次的实验室的基础上,有前面的基础再进行实验操作还算较为顺利。主要是抓包完成后,要对控制机跟交换机之间验证、交流信息的情况进行相应的查询。这要求对这二者之间工作原理有所掌握,这些内容老师课堂上有讲解过,基本就是二者的交互图。

实验困难

有前几次的实验基础,难度不算很大。在抓包后有碰到两个小问题,一是抓包选择,依照lab2选择具体的抓包,没有一开始抓取“any”这个抓包;二是pingall后,抓包一直在跑停不下来,正好鼠标左击出了点问题,后面通过触摸板点击后,用上下方向箭来选择相应的抓包行。

个人感想

这个实验操作,要求对OpenFlow协议的原理有足够的理解,再结合之前的操作基础,对抓包后的内容能进行简单的分析。需要掌握清楚相互间的几个“命令”消息所代表的含义跟目的作用,这样再去查询就比较清晰,能理解所代表的含义。

posted @ 2022-10-05 17:16  王耶  阅读(99)  评论(0)    收藏  举报