如何提升requests模块爬取数据的效率
- 多进程或者多线程(不建议)
- 线程池或者进程池(适当使用)
- 单线程+异步协程(推荐)
示例爬取梨视频

import requests
import re
from lxml import etree
from multiprocessing.dummy import Pool
import random
headers = {
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.86 Safari/537.36'
}
def request_video(url):
return requests.get(url=url,headers=headers).content
def saveVideo(data):
name = str(random.randint(0,9999))+'.mp4'
with open(name,'wb') as fp:
fp.write(data)
print(name,'下载存储成功!!!')
url = 'https://www.pearvideo.com/category_1'
page_text = requests.get(url=url,headers=headers).text
tree = etree.HTML(page_text)
li_list = tree.xpath('//ul[@id="listvideoListUl"]/li')
#实例化一个线程池对象
pool = Pool(4)
video_url_list = [] #所有的视频连接
for li in li_list:
detail_url = 'https://www.pearvideo.com/'+li.xpath('./div/a/@href')[0]
detail_page_text = requests.get(url=detail_url,headers=headers).text
ex = 'srcUrl="(.*?)",vdoUrl='
video_url = re.findall(ex,detail_page_text,re.S)[0]
video_url_list.append(video_url)
#异步的获取4个视频的二进制数据
video_data_list = pool.map(request_video,video_url_list)
#进行视频的持久化存储
pool.map(saveVideo,video_data_list)
梨视频
单线程和异步协程
event_loop:事件循环,相当于一个无限循环,我们可以把一些函数注册到这个事件循环上,当满足某些条件的时候,函数就会被循环执行。程序是按照设定的顺序从头执行到尾,运行的次数也是完全按照设定。当在编写异步程序时,必然其中有部分程序的运行耗时是比较久的,需要先让出当前程序的控制权,让其在背后运行,让另一部分的程序先运行起来。当背后运行的程序完成后,也需要及时通知主程序已经完成任务可以进行下一步操作,但这个过程所需的时间是不确定的,需要主程序不断的监听状态,一旦收到了任务完成的消息,就开始进行下一步。loop就是这个持续不断的监视器。
coroutine:中文翻译叫协程,在 Python 中常指代为协程对象类型,我们可以将协程对象注册到事件循环中,它会被事件循环调用。我们可以使用 async 关键字来定义一个方法,这个方法在调用时不会立即被执行,而是返回一个协程对象。
task:任务,它是对协程对象的进一步封装,包含了任务的各个状态。
future:代表将来执行或还没有执行的任务,实际上和 task 没有本质区别。
另外我们还需要了解 async/await 关键字,它是从 Python 3.5 才出现的,专门用于定义协程。其中,async 定义一个协程,await 用来挂起异步阻塞方法的执行。
asyncio模块基本使用
import asyncio
async def hello(name):
print('hello to :',name)
#获取了一个协程对象
c = hello('bobo')
#创建一个事件循环对象
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
#将协程对象注册到事件循环中,然后启动事件循环对象
loop.run_until_complete(c)
#async 添加到函数前面,函数调用不会立即执行,而是获取一个协程对象,需要通过asyncio模块创建一个事件循环对象,再将协程对象注册到时间循环中,再启动事件循环对象
task的应用
#task的使用
import asyncio
async def hello(name):
print('hello to :',name)
c = hello('bobo')
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
#就协程进行进一步的封装,封装到了task对象中
task = loop.create_task(c)
print(task)
loop.run_until_complete(task)
print(task)
#将协程封装到task对象中,再启动事件循环的时候携带task参数
future的应用
#future的使用
import asyncio
async def hello(name):
print('hello to :',name)
c = hello('bobo')
task = asyncio.ensure_future(c)
loop.run_until_complete(task)
#future本质和task区别不大
绑定回调(task)
#绑定回调(task)
def callback(task):
print('i am callback:',task.result())
import asyncio
async def hello(name):
print('hello to :',name)
return name
c = hello('bobo')
task = asyncio.ensure_future(c)
#给任务对象绑定一个回调函数
task.add_done_callback(callback)
loop.run_until_complete(task)
多任务异步协程
import asyncio
async def request(url):
print('正在下载:',url)
# sleep(2) #非异步模块的代码:在此处如果存在非异步操作代码,则会彻底让asyncio失去异步的效果
await asyncio.sleep(2)
print('下载成功:',url)
urls = [
'www.baidu.com',
'www.taobao.com',
'www.sogou.com'
]
start = time.time()
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
tasks = [] #任务列表,放置多个任务对象
for url in urls:
c = request(url)
task = asyncio.ensure_future(c)
tasks.append(task)
#将多个任务对象对应的列表注册到事件循环中
loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))
print('总耗时:',time.time()-start)
"""
正在下载: www.baidu.com
正在下载: www.taobao.com
正在下载: www.sogou.com
下载成功: www.baidu.com
下载成功: www.taobao.com
下载成功: www.sogou.com
总耗时: 2.0011146068573
"""
多任务异步操作应用到爬虫中
示例1 使用requests模块
import requests
async def get_page(url):
print('正在下载:',url)
#之所以没有实现异步操作,原因是因为requests模块是一个非异步的模块
response = requests.get(url=url)
print('响应数据:',response.text)
print('下载成功:',url)
start = time.time()
urls = [
'http://127.0.0.1:5000/bobo',
'http://127.0.0.1:5000/jay',
'http://127.0.0.1:5000/tom'
]
tasks = []
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
for url in urls:
c = get_page(url)
task = asyncio.ensure_future(c)
tasks.append(task)
loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))
print('总耗时:',time.time()-start)
"""
正在下载: http://127.0.0.1:5000/bobo
响应数据: Hello bobo
下载成功: http://127.0.0.1:5000/bobo
正在下载: http://127.0.0.1:5000/jay
响应数据: Hello jay
下载成功: http://127.0.0.1:5000/jay
正在下载: http://127.0.0.1:5000/tom
响应数据: Hello tom
下载成功: http://127.0.0.1:5000/tom
总耗时: 6.0263447761535645
"""
支持异步的网络请求的模块 aiohttp
import aiohttp
import asyncio
async def get_page(url):
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
async with await session.get(url=url) as response:
page_text = await response.text() #read() json()
print(page_text)
start = time.time()
urls = [
'http://127.0.0.1:5000/bobo',
'http://127.0.0.1:5000/jay',
'http://127.0.0.1:5000/tom',
'http://127.0.0.1:5000/bobo',
'http://127.0.0.1:5000/jay',
'http://127.0.0.1:5000/tom',
'http://127.0.0.1:5000/bobo',
'http://127.0.0.1:5000/jay',
'http://127.0.0.1:5000/tom'
]
tasks = []
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
for url in urls:
c = get_page(url)
task = asyncio.ensure_future(c)
tasks.append(task)
loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))
print('总耗时:',time.time()-start)
"""
Hello bobo
Hello jay
Hello tom
Hello jay
Hello bobo
Hello tom
Hello bobo
Hello tom
Hello jay
总耗时: 2.031116008758545
"""
高性能异步爬虫
如何实现数据解析---任务的绑定回调机制
#高性能异步爬虫
import aiohttp
import asyncio
#生成回调函数:解析响应数据
def callback(task):
print("this is callback")
#获取响应数据
page_text = task.result()
print('在回调函数中进行数据解析') #在这块做数据解析操作
async def get_page(url):
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session: #返回一个session对象,with前必须加async
async with await session.get(url=url) as response:
page_text = await response.text() #read()二进制形式的响应数据,json()
#print('响应数据',page_text)
return page_text
urls = [
'http://www.baidu.com',
'http://www.xueqiu.com',
'http://www.taobao.com',
]
start = time.time()
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
tasks = [] #任务列表,放置多个任务对象
for url in urls:
c = get_page(url)
task = asyncio.ensure_future(c)
#给任务对象绑定好回调函数用于解析响应数据
task.add_done_callback(callback)
tasks.append(task)
#将多个任务对象对应的列表注册到事件循环中
loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))
print('总耗时: ',time.time()-start)
"""
this is callback
在回调函数中进行数据解析
this is callback
在回调函数中进行数据解析
this is callback
在回调函数中进行数据解析
总耗时: 2.252128839492798
"""
...
CrazyShenldon
posted @
2019-05-06 23:09
FindSoul
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var RENDERER = {
POINT_INTERVAL : 5,
FISH_COUNT : 3,
MAX_INTERVAL_COUNT : 50,
INIT_HEIGHT_RATE : 0.5,
THRESHOLD : 50,
init : function(){
this.setParameters();
this.reconstructMethods();
this.setup();
this.bindEvent();
this.render();
},
setParameters : function(){
this.$window = $(window);
this.$container = $('#jsi-flying-fish-container');
this.$canvas = $('');
this.context = this.$canvas.appendTo(this.$container).get(0).getContext('2d');
this.points = [];
this.fishes = [];
this.watchIds = [];
},
createSurfacePoints : function(){
var count = Math.round(this.width / this.POINT_INTERVAL);
this.pointInterval = this.width / (count - 1);
this.points.push(new SURFACE_POINT(this, 0));
for(var i = 1; i < count; i++){
var point = new SURFACE_POINT(this, i * this.pointInterval),
previous = this.points[i - 1];
point.setPreviousPoint(previous);
previous.setNextPoint(point);
this.points.push(point);
}
},
reconstructMethods : function(){
this.watchWindowSize = this.watchWindowSize.bind(this);
this.jdugeToStopResize = this.jdugeToStopResize.bind(this);
this.startEpicenter = this.startEpicenter.bind(this);
this.moveEpicenter = this.moveEpicenter.bind(this);
this.reverseVertical = this.reverseVertical.bind(this);
this.render = this.render.bind(this);
},
setup : function(){
this.points.length = 0;
this.fishes.length = 0;
this.watchIds.length = 0;
this.intervalCount = this.MAX_INTERVAL_COUNT;
this.width = this.$container.width();
this.height = this.$container.height();
this.fishCount = this.FISH_COUNT * this.width / 500 * this.height / 500;
this.$canvas.attr({width : this.width, height : this.height});
this.reverse = false;
this.fishes.push(new FISH(this));
this.createSurfacePoints();
},
watchWindowSize : function(){
this.clearTimer();
this.tmpWidth = this.$window.width();
this.tmpHeight = this.$window.height();
this.watchIds.push(setTimeout(this.jdugeToStopResize, this.WATCH_INTERVAL));
},
clearTimer : function(){
while(this.watchIds.length > 0){
clearTimeout(this.watchIds.pop());
}
},
jdugeToStopResize : function(){
var width = this.$window.width(),
height = this.$window.height(),
stopped = (width == this.tmpWidth && height == this.tmpHeight);
this.tmpWidth = width;
this.tmpHeight = height;
if(stopped){
this.setup();
}
},
bindEvent : function(){
this.$window.on('resize', this.watchWindowSize);
this.$container.on('mouseenter', this.startEpicenter);
this.$container.on('mousemove', this.moveEpicenter);
this.$container.on('click', this.reverseVertical);
},
getAxis : function(event){
var offset = this.$container.offset();
return {
x : event.clientX - offset.left + this.$window.scrollLeft(),
y : event.clientY - offset.top + this.$window.scrollTop()
};
},
startEpicenter : function(event){
this.axis = this.getAxis(event);
},
moveEpicenter : function(event){
var axis = this.getAxis(event);
if(!this.axis){
this.axis = axis;
}
this.generateEpicenter(axis.x, axis.y, axis.y - this.axis.y);
this.axis = axis;
},
generateEpicenter : function(x, y, velocity){
if(y < this.height / 2 - this.THRESHOLD || y > this.height / 2 + this.THRESHOLD){
return;
}
var index = Math.round(x / this.pointInterval);
if(index < 0 || index >= this.points.length){
return;
}
this.points[index].interfere(y, velocity);
},
reverseVertical : function(){
this.reverse = !this.reverse;
for(var i = 0, count = this.fishes.length; i < count; i++){
this.fishes[i].reverseVertical();
}
},
controlStatus : function(){
for(var i = 0, count = this.points.length; i < count; i++){
this.points[i].updateSelf();
}
for(var i = 0, count = this.points.length; i < count; i++){
this.points[i].updateNeighbors();
}
if(this.fishes.length < this.fishCount){
if(--this.intervalCount == 0){
this.intervalCount = this.MAX_INTERVAL_COUNT;
this.fishes.push(new FISH(this));
}
}
},
render : function(){
requestAnimationFrame(this.render);
this.controlStatus();
this.context.clearRect(0, 0, this.width, this.height);
this.context.fillStyle = 'hsl(0, 0%, 95%)';
for(var i = 0, count = this.fishes.length; i < count; i++){
this.fishes[i].render(this.context);
}
this.context.save();
this.context.globalCompositeOperation = 'xor';
this.context.beginPath();
this.context.moveTo(0, this.reverse ? 0 : this.height);
for(var i = 0, count = this.points.length; i < count; i++){
this.points[i].render(this.context);
}
this.context.lineTo(this.width, this.reverse ? 0 : this.height);
this.context.closePath();
this.context.fill();
this.context.restore();
}
};
var SURFACE_POINT = function(renderer, x){
this.renderer = renderer;
this.x = x;
this.init();
};
SURFACE_POINT.prototype = {
SPRING_CONSTANT : 0.03,
SPRING_FRICTION : 0.9,
WAVE_SPREAD : 0.3,
ACCELARATION_RATE : 0.01,
init : function(){
this.initHeight = this.renderer.height * this.renderer.INIT_HEIGHT_RATE;
this.height = this.initHeight;
this.fy = 0;
this.force = {previous : 0, next : 0};
},
setPreviousPoint : function(previous){
this.previous = previous;
},
setNextPoint : function(next){
this.next = next;
},
interfere : function(y, velocity){
this.fy = this.renderer.height * this.ACCELARATION_RATE * ((this.renderer.height - this.height - y) >= 0 ? -1 : 1) * Math.abs(velocity);
},
updateSelf : function(){
this.fy += this.SPRING_CONSTANT * (this.initHeight - this.height);
this.fy *= this.SPRING_FRICTION;
this.height += this.fy;
},
updateNeighbors : function(){
if(this.previous){
this.force.previous = this.WAVE_SPREAD * (this.height - this.previous.height);
}
if(this.next){
this.force.next = this.WAVE_SPREAD * (this.height - this.next.height);
}
},
render : function(context){
if(this.previous){
this.previous.height += this.force.previous;
this.previous.fy += this.force.previous;
}
if(this.next){
this.next.height += this.force.next;
this.next.fy += this.force.next;
}
context.lineTo(this.x, this.renderer.height - this.height);
}
};
var FISH = function(renderer){
this.renderer = renderer;
this.init();
};
FISH.prototype = {
GRAVITY : 0.4,
init : function(){
this.direction = Math.random() < 0.5;
this.x = this.direction ? (this.renderer.width + this.renderer.THRESHOLD) : -this.renderer.THRESHOLD;
this.previousY = this.y;
this.vx = this.getRandomValue(4, 10) * (this.direction ? -1 : 1);
if(this.renderer.reverse){
this.y = this.getRandomValue(this.renderer.height * 1 / 10, this.renderer.height * 4 / 10);
this.vy = this.getRandomValue(2, 5);
this.ay = this.getRandomValue(0.05, 0.2);
}else{
this.y = this.getRandomValue(this.renderer.height * 6 / 10, this.renderer.height * 9 / 10);
this.vy = this.getRandomValue(-5, -2);
this.ay = this.getRandomValue(-0.2, -0.05);
}
this.isOut = false;
this.theta = 0;
this.phi = 0;
},
getRandomValue : function(min, max){
return min + (max - min) * Math.random();
},
reverseVertical : function(){
this.isOut = !this.isOut;
this.ay *= -1;
},
controlStatus : function(context){
this.previousY = this.y;
this.x += this.vx;
this.y += this.vy;
this.vy += this.ay;
if(this.renderer.reverse){
if(this.y > this.renderer.height * this.renderer.INIT_HEIGHT_RATE){
this.vy -= this.GRAVITY;
this.isOut = true;
}else{
if(this.isOut){
this.ay = this.getRandomValue(0.05, 0.2);
}
this.isOut = false;
}
}else{
if(this.y < this.renderer.height * this.renderer.INIT_HEIGHT_RATE){
this.vy += this.GRAVITY;
this.isOut = true;
}else{
if(this.isOut){
this.ay = this.getRandomValue(-0.2, -0.05);
}
this.isOut = false;
}
}
if(!this.isOut){
this.theta += Math.PI / 20;
this.theta %= Math.PI * 2;
this.phi += Math.PI / 30;
this.phi %= Math.PI * 2;
}
this.renderer.generateEpicenter(this.x + (this.direction ? -1 : 1) * this.renderer.THRESHOLD, this.y, this.y - this.previousY);
if(this.vx > 0 && this.x > this.renderer.width + this.renderer.THRESHOLD || this.vx < 0 && this.x < -this.renderer.THRESHOLD){
this.init();
}
},
render : function(context){
context.save();
context.translate(this.x, this.y);
context.rotate(Math.PI + Math.atan2(this.vy, this.vx));
context.scale(1, this.direction ? 1 : -1);
context.beginPath();
context.moveTo(-30, 0);
context.bezierCurveTo(-20, 15, 15, 10, 40, 0);
context.bezierCurveTo(15, -10, -20, -15, -30, 0);
context.fill();
context.save();
context.translate(40, 0);
context.scale(0.9 + 0.2 * Math.sin(this.theta), 1);
context.beginPath();
context.moveTo(0, 0);
context.quadraticCurveTo(5, 10, 20, 8);
context.quadraticCurveTo(12, 5, 10, 0);
context.quadraticCurveTo(12, -5, 20, -8);
context.quadraticCurveTo(5, -10, 0, 0);
context.fill();
context.restore();
context.save();
context.translate(-3, 0);
context.rotate((Math.PI / 3 + Math.PI / 10 * Math.sin(this.phi)) * (this.renderer.reverse ? -1 : 1));
context.beginPath();
if(this.renderer.reverse){
context.moveTo(5, 0);
context.bezierCurveTo(10, 10, 10, 30, 0, 40);
context.bezierCurveTo(-12, 25, -8, 10, 0, 0);
}else{
context.moveTo(-5, 0);
context.bezierCurveTo(-10, -10, -10, -30, 0, -40);
context.bezierCurveTo(12, -25, 8, -10, 0, 0);
}
context.closePath();
context.fill();
context.restore();
context.restore();
this.controlStatus(context);
}
};
$(function(){
RENDERER.init();
});