Docker随笔

Docker

docker是什么?

docker最初是dotCloud公司创始人Solomom Hykes在法国期间发起的一个公司内部项目,它是基于dotCloud公司多年云服务技术的一次革新,并在2013年3月以Apache2.0授权协议开源,主要项目代码在GitHub上进行维护...

docker是linux容器的一种封装,提供简单易用的容器使用接口,它是最流行的linux容器解决方案.docker的接口非常简单,用户可以方便的创建和销毁容器,docker将应用程序的依赖,打包在一个文件里面,运行这个文件就会生成虚拟容器,程序运行在虚拟容器里,如同真实物理机上运行一样,反正就是有了docker,就不用担心讨厌的环境配置问题了!

为什么要用docker?

它作为一种新兴的虚拟化方式,Docker跟传统的虚拟化方式相比具有众多的优势.

docker容器的优势

  • 更高效的利用系统资源
  • 更快速的启动时间
  • 一直的运行环境
  • 持续交付和部署
  • 更轻松的迁移
  • 更轻松的维护和扩展

docker的生命周期

镜像 (images)

Docker镜像就是一个只读的模板,镜像可以用来创建容器.docker提供了一个很简单的机制来创建镜像或更新现有镜像,用户甚至可以从其他人那里下载已经做好的镜像直接使用

容器 (container)

镜像(image)和容器(container)的关系,就像面向对象中类和实例的关系一样,镜像是静态定义的class ;容器是镜像运行时的实体object

#容器随时都可以被创建,暂停,销毁,停止,每个容器都是相互隔离的,保证安全的平台,docker利用容器运行应用.

#我们也可以把容器看作简易的linux环境.

仓库 (repository)

仓库是存放镜像文件的场所,分为公开仓库(public)和私有仓库(Private)

#最大的公开仓库就是Docker Hub,存放了数量庞大的镜像供用户下载.

#用户创建自己镜像之后就可以使用push命令将它上传到公开或私有库,这样另外一台机器使用的时候,只需要从仓库上pull下来即可  

#Docker仓库和Git的概念类似,仓库注册服务器和GitHub这样的代码托管服务类似.

部署docker

###注意: 若之前装过docker，可用以下命令移除docker
 # yum remove docker

###步骤
    1.  安装必要的系统工具
    # yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2  
    
    2.  添加软件源信息
    # yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo  
    
    3. 更新 yum 缓存 
    # yum makecache fast

    4. 安装docker-ce
    # yum -y install docker-ce

    5. 启动docker
    # systemctl start docker

    6. 测试运行 hello-world
    # docker run hello-world
    ## 如果测试失败,首先测试如下: 
    # #docker version | docker info  #两个命令都没问题的话再进行分析问题.

   
    7.安装docker之后，测试hello-world镜像，终端卡在Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally位置 ?
    
    #分析 : docker在本地没有找到hello-world镜像，也没有从docker仓库中拉取镜像，出项这个问题的原因：是应为docker服务器再国外，我们在国内无法正常拉取镜像，所以就需要我们为docker设置国内阿里云的镜像加速器；
   #解决 
        1.修改配置文件      /etc/docker/daemon.json  如下:
        {"registry-mirrors": ["https://alzgoonw.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]}
        2. sudo systemctl restart docker #重启docker即可!
安装docker

docker常用命令

增

docker pull hello-world    #下载docker镜像,产生容器示例

docker run  ubuntu      #运行docker镜像,ubuntu系统

docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bush  #交互式运行ubuntu容器,进入容器空间内  参数解释  -i  交互式的命令操作,-t开启一个终端提供访问,  /bin/bush  指定shell解释器

打包构建一个携带vim的contos镜像文件

1.docker run -it centos /bin/bush #先运行一个centos的基础镜像文件

2.yum install vim -y   #安装vim

3.exit  #退出容器
4.docker commit -m "description info" -a "author" 1d5698b91178 (当前镜像id) centos-vim #提交这个容器,生成新的镜像

导出/导入镜像文件

#方式1 (无法修改镜像名称)
docker save 94e814e2efa8     >    /opt/ubuntu.tar.gz   #导出依据镜像ID
docker load  94e814e2efa8     <   /opt/ubuntu.tar.gz #导入镜像,自动解压缩

#方式2
docker export a0a83edd02d0 >docker-test.tar   #导出依据容器ID
docker import - new-docker-test < docker-test.tar   #导入镜像

查

#---注意运行过docker镜像后,会产生容器记录;docker容器必须有后台程序在运行,否则容器就退出---
docker image ls   /docker images    #两者都是查看镜像

docker container ls /docker ps  #两者都是查看正在运行的容器进程

docker ps -a  查看所有的容器记录

docker search centos    #查询docker镜像记录

删 (深思而行)

docker rm 容器id   # 删除容器记录

docker rm  `docker ps -aq`  # 批量删除容器记录,不推荐操作此命令

docker rm -f  `docker ps -aq`  #强制删除所有容器记录,包括正在运行的容器,慎用!!!

docker rmi  镜像id   #删除镜像记录

docker rmi  `docker images -aq` #批量删除镜像文件

改

docker tag 镜像id  新的镜像名  #修改docker镜像名,tag标记名

docker镜像常用命令

docker images   #查看所有本级镜像

docker pull redis   # 获取新的redis镜像

docker  search nginx  #搜索nginx 的镜像

容器相关

docker  start/stop  容器id   #启/停docker容器

docker run -it --rm 94e /bin/bash  # --rm运行容器,退出后,删除容器记录

docker run  --name  mynginx  881  /bin/bash  #运行容器后给其命名

docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo hello centos; sleep 1;done" #后台不断运行一个shell语句  -d后台运行, -C指定一个shell语句  

docker logs 容器id    #查看容器空间内的日志 !!!
docker logs -f   容器id   #不间断打印容器内日志信息

docker exec -it 容器id   /bin/bash  # 进入正在运行的容器空间

 启动容器的方式

启动容器的方式有两种:

#1.基于镜像新建一个容器并启动,也就是新建一个容器     docker run nginx
#2.在处于(stopped)停止状态下的容器重新启动,利用原来启动过的容器id启动.  docker start as5

#因为Docker的容器太过于轻量级,大部分用户都是随时删除,随时创建.

外部访问容器

在容器中可以运行网络应用,但是要让外部也可以访问这些应用,可以通过-P 和-p参数进行端口映射!!!

docker的端口映射

-P  #大写P参数会随机映射端口到容器开放的网络端口

docker run -d  -P training/webapp python app.py

 

 检查映射的端口

docker ps -l   #0.0.0.0:32771->5000/tcp

其中32771是宿主机ip的端口,5000是容器端口

 

最好通过-p参数指定映射端口,因为-P参数随机映射端口,给访问带来极大不便

docker run -d -p 9999:5000 training/webapp python app.py
52ceb29239466617e2ebff333fbb9e59514910d1309961c6a94a191fbf68a646

 

查看指定容器的端口映射

#[root@localhost opt]# docker port 52c
    5000/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32771

 

然后通过宿主机ip:9999访问服务器

dockerfile

 

...研究待续

 

posted @ 2019-03-13 22:13  FindSoul  阅读(170)  评论(0)    收藏  举报
var RENDERER = { POINT_INTERVAL : 5, FISH_COUNT : 3, MAX_INTERVAL_COUNT : 50, INIT_HEIGHT_RATE : 0.5, THRESHOLD : 50, init : function(){ this.setParameters(); this.reconstructMethods(); this.setup(); this.bindEvent(); this.render(); }, setParameters : function(){ this.$window = $(window); this.$container = $('#jsi-flying-fish-container'); this.$canvas = $(''); this.context = this.$canvas.appendTo(this.$container).get(0).getContext('2d'); this.points = []; this.fishes = []; this.watchIds = []; }, createSurfacePoints : function(){ var count = Math.round(this.width / this.POINT_INTERVAL); this.pointInterval = this.width / (count - 1); this.points.push(new SURFACE_POINT(this, 0)); for(var i = 1; i < count; i++){ var point = new SURFACE_POINT(this, i * this.pointInterval), previous = this.points[i - 1]; point.setPreviousPoint(previous); previous.setNextPoint(point); this.points.push(point); } }, reconstructMethods : function(){ this.watchWindowSize = this.watchWindowSize.bind(this); this.jdugeToStopResize = this.jdugeToStopResize.bind(this); this.startEpicenter = this.startEpicenter.bind(this); this.moveEpicenter = this.moveEpicenter.bind(this); this.reverseVertical = this.reverseVertical.bind(this); this.render = this.render.bind(this); }, setup : function(){ this.points.length = 0; this.fishes.length = 0; this.watchIds.length = 0; this.intervalCount = this.MAX_INTERVAL_COUNT; this.width = this.$container.width(); this.height = this.$container.height(); this.fishCount = this.FISH_COUNT * this.width / 500 * this.height / 500; this.$canvas.attr({width : this.width, height : this.height}); this.reverse = false; this.fishes.push(new FISH(this)); this.createSurfacePoints(); }, watchWindowSize : function(){ this.clearTimer(); this.tmpWidth = this.$window.width(); this.tmpHeight = this.$window.height(); this.watchIds.push(setTimeout(this.jdugeToStopResize, this.WATCH_INTERVAL)); }, clearTimer : function(){ while(this.watchIds.length > 0){ clearTimeout(this.watchIds.pop()); } }, jdugeToStopResize : function(){ var width = this.$window.width(), height = this.$window.height(), stopped = (width == this.tmpWidth && height == this.tmpHeight); this.tmpWidth = width; this.tmpHeight = height; if(stopped){ this.setup(); } }, bindEvent : function(){ this.$window.on('resize', this.watchWindowSize); this.$container.on('mouseenter', this.startEpicenter); this.$container.on('mousemove', this.moveEpicenter); this.$container.on('click', this.reverseVertical); }, getAxis : function(event){ var offset = this.$container.offset(); return { x : event.clientX - offset.left + this.$window.scrollLeft(), y : event.clientY - offset.top + this.$window.scrollTop() }; }, startEpicenter : function(event){ this.axis = this.getAxis(event); }, moveEpicenter : function(event){ var axis = this.getAxis(event); if(!this.axis){ this.axis = axis; } this.generateEpicenter(axis.x, axis.y, axis.y - this.axis.y); this.axis = axis; }, generateEpicenter : function(x, y, velocity){ if(y < this.height / 2 - this.THRESHOLD || y > this.height / 2 + this.THRESHOLD){ return; } var index = Math.round(x / this.pointInterval); if(index < 0 || index >= this.points.length){ return; } this.points[index].interfere(y, velocity); }, reverseVertical : function(){ this.reverse = !this.reverse; for(var i = 0, count = this.fishes.length; i < count; i++){ this.fishes[i].reverseVertical(); } }, controlStatus : function(){ for(var i = 0, count = this.points.length; i < count; i++){ this.points[i].updateSelf(); } for(var i = 0, count = this.points.length; i < count; i++){ this.points[i].updateNeighbors(); } if(this.fishes.length < this.fishCount){ if(--this.intervalCount == 0){ this.intervalCount = this.MAX_INTERVAL_COUNT; this.fishes.push(new FISH(this)); } } }, render : function(){ requestAnimationFrame(this.render); this.controlStatus(); this.context.clearRect(0, 0, this.width, this.height); this.context.fillStyle = 'hsl(0, 0%, 95%)'; for(var i = 0, count = this.fishes.length; i < count; i++){ this.fishes[i].render(this.context); } this.context.save(); this.context.globalCompositeOperation = 'xor'; this.context.beginPath(); this.context.moveTo(0, this.reverse ? 0 : this.height); for(var i = 0, count = this.points.length; i < count; i++){ this.points[i].render(this.context); } this.context.lineTo(this.width, this.reverse ? 0 : this.height); this.context.closePath(); this.context.fill(); this.context.restore(); } }; var SURFACE_POINT = function(renderer, x){ this.renderer = renderer; this.x = x; this.init(); }; SURFACE_POINT.prototype = { SPRING_CONSTANT : 0.03, SPRING_FRICTION : 0.9, WAVE_SPREAD : 0.3, ACCELARATION_RATE : 0.01, init : function(){ this.initHeight = this.renderer.height * this.renderer.INIT_HEIGHT_RATE; this.height = this.initHeight; this.fy = 0; this.force = {previous : 0, next : 0}; }, setPreviousPoint : function(previous){ this.previous = previous; }, setNextPoint : function(next){ this.next = next; }, interfere : function(y, velocity){ this.fy = this.renderer.height * this.ACCELARATION_RATE * ((this.renderer.height - this.height - y) >= 0 ? -1 : 1) * Math.abs(velocity); }, updateSelf : function(){ this.fy += this.SPRING_CONSTANT * (this.initHeight - this.height); this.fy *= this.SPRING_FRICTION; this.height += this.fy; }, updateNeighbors : function(){ if(this.previous){ this.force.previous = this.WAVE_SPREAD * (this.height - this.previous.height); } if(this.next){ this.force.next = this.WAVE_SPREAD * (this.height - this.next.height); } }, render : function(context){ if(this.previous){ this.previous.height += this.force.previous; this.previous.fy += this.force.previous; } if(this.next){ this.next.height += this.force.next; this.next.fy += this.force.next; } context.lineTo(this.x, this.renderer.height - this.height); } }; var FISH = function(renderer){ this.renderer = renderer; this.init(); }; FISH.prototype = { GRAVITY : 0.4, init : function(){ this.direction = Math.random() < 0.5; this.x = this.direction ? (this.renderer.width + this.renderer.THRESHOLD) : -this.renderer.THRESHOLD; this.previousY = this.y; this.vx = this.getRandomValue(4, 10) * (this.direction ? -1 : 1); if(this.renderer.reverse){ this.y = this.getRandomValue(this.renderer.height * 1 / 10, this.renderer.height * 4 / 10); this.vy = this.getRandomValue(2, 5); this.ay = this.getRandomValue(0.05, 0.2); }else{ this.y = this.getRandomValue(this.renderer.height * 6 / 10, this.renderer.height * 9 / 10); this.vy = this.getRandomValue(-5, -2); this.ay = this.getRandomValue(-0.2, -0.05); } this.isOut = false; this.theta = 0; this.phi = 0; }, getRandomValue : function(min, max){ return min + (max - min) * Math.random(); }, reverseVertical : function(){ this.isOut = !this.isOut; this.ay *= -1; }, controlStatus : function(context){ this.previousY = this.y; this.x += this.vx; this.y += this.vy; this.vy += this.ay; if(this.renderer.reverse){ if(this.y > this.renderer.height * this.renderer.INIT_HEIGHT_RATE){ this.vy -= this.GRAVITY; this.isOut = true; }else{ if(this.isOut){ this.ay = this.getRandomValue(0.05, 0.2); } this.isOut = false; } }else{ if(this.y < this.renderer.height * this.renderer.INIT_HEIGHT_RATE){ this.vy += this.GRAVITY; this.isOut = true; }else{ if(this.isOut){ this.ay = this.getRandomValue(-0.2, -0.05); } this.isOut = false; } } if(!this.isOut){ this.theta += Math.PI / 20; this.theta %= Math.PI * 2; this.phi += Math.PI / 30; this.phi %= Math.PI * 2; } this.renderer.generateEpicenter(this.x + (this.direction ? -1 : 1) * this.renderer.THRESHOLD, this.y, this.y - this.previousY); if(this.vx > 0 && this.x > this.renderer.width + this.renderer.THRESHOLD || this.vx < 0 && this.x < -this.renderer.THRESHOLD){ this.init(); } }, render : function(context){ context.save(); context.translate(this.x, this.y); context.rotate(Math.PI + Math.atan2(this.vy, this.vx)); context.scale(1, this.direction ? 1 : -1); context.beginPath(); context.moveTo(-30, 0); context.bezierCurveTo(-20, 15, 15, 10, 40, 0); context.bezierCurveTo(15, -10, -20, -15, -30, 0); context.fill(); context.save(); context.translate(40, 0); context.scale(0.9 + 0.2 * Math.sin(this.theta), 1); context.beginPath(); context.moveTo(0, 0); context.quadraticCurveTo(5, 10, 20, 8); context.quadraticCurveTo(12, 5, 10, 0); context.quadraticCurveTo(12, -5, 20, -8); context.quadraticCurveTo(5, -10, 0, 0); context.fill(); context.restore(); context.save(); context.translate(-3, 0); context.rotate((Math.PI / 3 + Math.PI / 10 * Math.sin(this.phi)) * (this.renderer.reverse ? -1 : 1)); context.beginPath(); if(this.renderer.reverse){ context.moveTo(5, 0); context.bezierCurveTo(10, 10, 10, 30, 0, 40); context.bezierCurveTo(-12, 25, -8, 10, 0, 0); }else{ context.moveTo(-5, 0); context.bezierCurveTo(-10, -10, -10, -30, 0, -40); context.bezierCurveTo(12, -25, 8, -10, 0, 0); } context.closePath(); context.fill(); context.restore(); context.restore(); this.controlStatus(context); } }; $(function(){ RENDERER.init(); });