SQL WITH AS 用法

一.WITH AS的含义
WITH AS短语,也叫做子查询部分(subquery factoring),可以让你做很多事情,定义一个SQL片断,该SQL片断会被整个SQL语句所用到。有的时候,是为了让SQL语句的可读性更高些,也有可能是在UNION ALL的不同部分,作为提供数据的部分。
特别对于UNION ALL比较有用。因为UNION ALL的每个部分可能相同,但是如果每个部分都去执行一遍的话,则成本太高,所以可以使用WITH AS短语,则只要执行一遍即可。如果WITH AS短语所定义的表名被调用两次以上,则优化器会自动将WITH AS短语所获取的数据放入一个TEMP表里,如果只是被调用一次,则不会。而提示materialize则是强制将WITH AS短语里的数据放入一个全局临时表里。很多查询通过这种方法都可以提高速度。
二.使用方法
先看下面一个嵌套的查询语句:

select * from person.StateProvince where CountryRegionCode in
(select CountryRegionCode from person.CountryRegion where Name like 'C%')

上面的查询语句使用了一个子查询。虽然这条SQL语句并不复杂,但如果嵌套的层次过多,会使SQL语句非常难以阅读和维护。因此,也可以使用表变量的方式来解决这个问题,SQL语句如下:

declare @t table(CountryRegionCode nvarchar(3))
insert into @t(CountryRegionCode) (select CountryRegionCode from person.CountryRegion where Name like 'C%')

select * from person.StateProvince where CountryRegionCode
in (select * from @t)


虽然上面的SQL语句要比第一种方式更复杂,但却将子查询放在了表变量@t中,这样做将使SQL语句更容易维护,但又会带来另一个问题,就是性能的损失。由于表变量实际上使用了临时表,从而增加了额外的I/O开销,因此,表变量的方式并不太适合数据量大且频繁查询的情况。为此,在SQL Server 2005中提供了另外一种解决方案,这就是公用表表达式(CTE),使用CTE,可以使SQL语句的可维护性,同时,CTE要比表变量的效率高得多。

下面是CTE的语法:

[ WITH <common_table_expression> [ ,n ] ]
<common_table_expression>::=
expression_name [ ( column_name [ ,n ] ) ]
AS
( CTE_query_definition )

现在使用CTE来解决上面的问题,SQL语句如下:

with
cr as
(
select CountryRegionCode from person.CountryRegion where Name like 'C%'
)

select * from person.StateProvince where CountryRegionCode in (select * from cr)

其中cr是一个公用表表达式,该表达式在使用上与表变量类似,只是SQL Server 2005在处理公用表表达式的方式上有所不同。

在使用CTE时应注意如下几点:
1. CTE后面必须直接跟使用CTE的SQL语句(如select、insert、update等),否则,CTE将失效。如下面的SQL语句将无法正常使用CTE:


with
cr as
(
select CountryRegionCode from person.CountryRegion where Name like 'C%'
)
select * from person.CountryRegion -- 应将这条SQL语句去掉
-- 使用CTE的SQL语句应紧跟在相关的CTE后面 --
select * from person.StateProvince where CountryRegionCode in (select * from cr)


2. CTE后面也可以跟其他的CTE,但只能使用一个with,多个CTE中间用逗号(,)分隔,如下面的SQL语句所示:

 

with
cte1 as
(
select * from table1 where name like 'abc%'
),
cte2 as
(
select * from table2 where id > 20
),
cte3 as
(
select * from table3 where price < 100
)
select a.* from cte1 a, cte2 b, cte3 c where a.id = b.id and a.id = c.id

3. 如果CTE的表达式名称与某个数据表或视图重名,则紧跟在该CTE后面的SQL语句使用的仍然是CTE,当然,后面的SQL语句使用的就是数据表或视图了,如下面的SQL语句所示:


-- table1是一个实际存在的表

with
table1 as
(
select * from persons where age < 30
)
select * from table1 -- 使用了名为table1的公共表表达式
select * from table1 -- 使用了名为table1的数据表

4. CTE 可以引用自身,也可以引用在同一 WITH 子句中预先定义的 CTE。不允许前向引用。

5. 不能在 CTE_query_definition 中使用以下子句:

(1)COMPUTE 或 COMPUTE BY

(2)ORDER BY(除非指定了 TOP 子句)

(3)INTO

(4)带有查询提示的 OPTION 子句

(5)FOR XML

(6)FOR BROWSE

6. 如果将 CTE 用在属于批处理的一部分的语句中,那么在它之前的语句必须以分号结尾,如下面的SQL所示:

declare @s nvarchar(3)
set @s = 'C%'
; -- 必须加分号
with
t_tree as
(
select CountryRegionCode from person.CountryRegion where Name like @s
)
select * from person.StateProvince where CountryRegionCode in (select * from t_tree)

7.分页存储过程的写法:

USE [AQAS]
GO
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[GetKnowledgeInfoListByCondition]
@CreateStartTime datetime,
@CreateEndTime datetime,
@UpdateStartTime datetime,
@UpdateEndTime datetime,
@Title nvarchar(200),
@AnswerContent nvarchar(max),
@AnswerHtml nvarchar(max),
@Remark nvarchar(max),
@PageIndex int,
@PageSize int,
@TotalCount int OUTPUT
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;

IF (@PageIndex <0) BEGIN SET @PageIndex = 0 END
IF @CreateStartTime IS NULL OR @CreateStartTime='' OR @CreateStartTime< '2013-05-01' BEGIN SET @CreateStartTime = CAST('2013-01-01' AS datetime) END
IF @CreateEndTime IS NULL OR @CreateEndTime='' OR @CreateEndTime< '2013-05-01' BEGIN SET @CreateEndTime = CAST('2033-01-01' AS datetime) END
IF @UpdateStartTime IS NULL OR @UpdateStartTime='' OR @UpdateStartTime< '2013-05-01' BEGIN SET @UpdateStartTime = CAST('2013-01-01' AS datetime) END
IF @UpdateEndTime IS NULL OR @UpdateEndTime='' OR @UpdateEndTime< '2013-05-01' BEGIN SET @UpdateEndTime = CAST('2033-01-01' AS datetime) END
IF @Title IS NULL OR @Title='' BEGIN SET @Title = '%%' END
IF @AnswerContent IS NULL OR @AnswerContent='' BEGIN SET @AnswerContent = '%%' END
IF @AnswerHtml IS NULL OR @AnswerHtml='' BEGIN SET @AnswerHtml = '%%' END
IF @Remark IS NULL OR @Remark='' BEGIN SET @Remark = '%%' END

DECLARE @StartRowNum int;
DECLARE @EndRowNum int;
SET @StartRowNum=(@PageIndex-1)*@PageSize+1;
SET @EndRowNum=@PageIndex*@PageSize;

SELECT @TotalCount = Count(1) FROM Work_Knowledge Where ISNULL(Title,'') LIKE N'%'+@Title+'%' AND ISNULL(AnswerContent,'') LIKE N'%'+@AnswerContent+'%'
AND ISNULL(AnswerHtml,'') LIKE N'%'+@AnswerHtml+'%' AND ISNULL(Remark,'') LIKE N'%'+@Remark+'%'
And CreateTime Between @CreateStartTime And @CreateEndTime and IsDelete = 0
And LastUpdateTime Between @UpdateStartTime And @UpdateEndTime
;

WITH Temp AS (
SELECT TOP (@PageIndex*@PageSize) * ,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY CreateTime Desc) AS RowNum
FROM Work_Knowledge Where ISNULL(Title,'') LIKE N'%'+@Title+'%' AND ISNULL(AnswerContent,'') LIKE N'%'+@AnswerContent+'%'
AND ISNULL(AnswerHtml,'') LIKE N'%'+@AnswerHtml+'%' AND ISNULL(Remark,'') LIKE N'%'+@Remark+'%'
And CreateTime Between @CreateStartTime And @CreateEndTime and IsDelete = 0
--And LastUpdateTime Between @UpdateStartTime And @UpdateEndTime
)

SELECT *
FROM Temp
WHERE RowNum BETWEEN @StartRowNum And @EndRowNum ORDER BY RowNum


END

8.非分页,直接获取列表数据存储过程:

USE [ManHaur]
GO
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[CountByWeekOrMonthOfContent]
@WorkDateStartTime datetime,
@WorkDateEndTime datetime
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
IF @WorkDateStartTime IS NULL OR @WorkDateStartTime='' OR @WorkDateStartTime< '2013-07-01' BEGIN SET @WorkDateStartTime = CAST('2013-01-01' AS datetime) END;
IF @WorkDateEndTime IS NULL OR @WorkDateEndTime='' OR @WorkDateEndTime< '2013-07-01' BEGIN SET @WorkDateEndTime = CAST('2033-01-01' AS datetime) END;

WITH Temp AS
(
SELECT FNId FROM dbo.MH_Form_Normal_TaskItem_ManHourDetail_View
WHERE WorkDate BETWEEN @WorkDateStartTime AND @WorkDateEndTime
GROUP BY FNId
)

SELECT
bf.Id as DemandId,
bf.FNId,
bf.SUName,
bf.CreateTime,
sc4.name AS WorkItemState,
bf.FNTitle,
bf.FNContent,
bf.FNRemark,
sc.name as Book,
sc1.name as BaseItem,
sc2.name as SubItem,
sc3.name as DemandResource,
bf.Exten_String1 as FeinnoName,
bf.Exten_String2 as PartAName,
bf.Exten_String3 as Preview,
bf.Exten_String5 as Result,
bf.Exten_String6 as Question,
bf.Exten_String4 as WorkOutput,
pt.TotalPlanTime

FROM Temp as t
INNER JOIN dbo.Biz_FormNormal as bf ON t.FNId = bf.FNId
INNER JOIN (SELECT DemandId,SUM(PlanTime) as TotalPlanTime FROM dbo.MH_TaskItem GROUP BY DemandId) AS pt ON pt.DemandId = bf.Id
INNER JOIN dbo.SYS_ConstData AS sc ON sc.Code = bf.Exten_Int AND sc.DataType = 3
INNER JOIN dbo.SYS_ConstData AS sc1 ON sc1.Code = bf.Exten_Int2 AND sc1.DataType = 10
INNER JOIN dbo.SYS_ConstData AS sc2 ON sc2.Code = bf.Exten_Int3 AND sc2.DataType = 11
INNER JOIN dbo.SYS_ConstData AS sc3 ON sc3.Code = bf.Exten_Int4 AND sc3.DataType = 5
INNER JOIN dbo.SYS_ConstData AS sc4 ON sc4.Code = bf.Exten_Int5 AND sc4.DataType = 12
order by bf.fnid


END

posted on 2013-07-24 10:39  冲刺  阅读(693)  评论(0)    收藏  举报

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