OS第1次实验报告:熟悉使用Linux命令和剖析ps命令

  • 姓名:雷坛春
  • 学号:201821121030
  • 班级:计算1811

一、实验目的

熟练Linux命令行操作。

二、实验内容

  • 使用man查询命令使用手册
  • 基本命令使用

三、实验报告

1. 实验环境介绍

  • 操作系统:Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS
  • 平台:虚拟机
leitanchun@leitanchun:~$ sudo lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:    Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS
Release:    18.04
Codename:    bionic

2. 常用命令使用

1.pwd:查看当前所在目录

2.cd+路径:进入该路径

3.cd ..:返回上级

4.ls:查看当前目录下的文件

5.touch+文件名:创建文件

6.rm+文件名:删除文件

7.mkdir+文件夹名:创建文件夹

8.rmdir+文件夹名:删除文件夹

 1 leitanchun@leitanchun:~$ pwd
 2 /home/leitanchun
 3 leitanchun@leitanchun:~$ cd Desktop
 4 leitanchun@leitanchun:~/Desktop$ cd ..
 5 leitanchun@leitanchun:~$ ls
 6 Desktop  examples.desktop  公共的  模板  视频  图片  文档  下载  音乐  桌面
 7 leitanchun@leitanchun:~$ touch 201821121030.txt
 8 leitanchun@leitanchun:~$ ls
 9 201821121030.txt  examples.desktop  模板  图片  下载  桌面
10 Desktop           公共的            视频  文档  音乐
11 leitanchun@leitanchun:~$ rm 201821121030.txt
12 leitanchun@leitanchun:~$ ls
13 Desktop  examples.desktop  公共的  模板  视频  图片  文档  下载  音乐  桌面
14 leitanchun@leitanchun:~$ mkdir LTC
15 leitanchun@leitanchun:~$ ls
16 Desktop           LTC     模板  图片  下载  桌面
17 examples.desktop  公共的  视频  文档  音乐
18 leitanchun@leitanchun:~$ rmdir LTC
19 leitanchun@leitanchun:~$ ls
20 Desktop  examples.desktop  公共的  模板  视频  图片  文档  下载  音乐  桌面
21 leitanchun@leitanchun:~$ 

3. 剖析ps命令

ps使用方法

 1 EXAMPLES
 2        To see every process on the system using standard syntax:
 3           ps -e
 4           ps -ef
 5           ps -eF
 6           ps -ely
 7 
 8        To see every process on the system using BSD syntax:
 9           ps ax
10           ps axu
11 
12        To print a process tree:
13           ps -ejH
14           ps axjf
15 
16        To get info about threads:
17           ps -eLf
18           ps axms
19 
20        To get security info:
21           ps -eo euser,ruser,suser,fuser,f,comm,label
22           ps axZ
23           ps -eM
24 
25        To see every process running as root (real & effective ID) in user
26        format:
27           ps -U root -u root u
28 
29        To see every process with a user-defined format:
30           ps -eo pid,tid,class,rtprio,ni,pri,psr,pcpu,stat,wchan:14,comm
31           ps axo stat,euid,ruid,tty,tpgid,sess,pgrp,ppid,pid,pcpu,comm
32           ps -Ao pid,tt,user,fname,tmout,f,wchan
33 
34        Print only the process IDs of syslogd:
35           ps -C syslogd -o pid=
36 
37        Print only the name of PID 42:
38           ps -q 42 -o comm=

ps(部分)参数

 1 SIMPLE PROCESS SELECTION
 2        a      Lift the BSD-style "only yourself" restriction, which is imposed
 3               upon the set of all processes when some BSD-style (without "-")
 4               options are used or when the ps personality setting is BSD-like.
 5               The set of processes selected in this manner is in addition to
 6               the set of processes selected by other means.  An alternate
 7               description is that this option causes ps to list all processes
 8               with a terminal (tty), or to list all processes when used
 9               together with the x option.
10 
11        -A     Select all processes.  Identical to -e.
12 
13        -a     Select all processes except both session leaders (see getsid(2))
14               and processes not associated with a terminal.
15 
16        -d     Select all processes except session leaders.
17 
18        --deselect
19               Select all processes except those that fulfill the specified
20               conditions (negates the selection).  Identical to -N.
21 
22        -e     Select all processes.  Identical to -A.
23 
24        g      Really all, even session leaders.  This flag is obsolete and may
25               be discontinued in a future release.  It is normally implied by
26               the a flag, and is only useful when operating in the sunos4
27               personality.
28 
29        -N     Select all processes except those that fulfill the specified
30               conditions (negates the selection).  Identical to --deselect.
31 
32        T      Select all processes associated with this terminal.  Identical
33               to the t option without any argument.
34 
35        r      Restrict the selection to only running processes.
36 
37        x      Lift the BSD-style "must have a tty" restriction, which is
38               imposed upon the set of all processes when some BSD-style
39               (without "-") options are used or when the ps personality
40               setting is BSD-like.  The set of processes selected in this
41               manner is in addition to the set of processes selected by other
42               means.  An alternate description is that this option causes ps
43               to list all processes owned by you (same EUID as ps), or to list
44               all processes when used together with the a option.

 

1.ps命令有很多参数,运行命令,比如ps -aux,则系统返回如下结果:

1 leitanchun@leitanchun:~$ ps -aux
2 USER        PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
3 root          1  0.1  0.2 225352  5356 ?        Rs   21:09   0:02 /sbin/init splash
4 root          2  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    21:09   0:00 [kthreadd]
5 root          3  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   21:09   0:00 [rcu_gp]
6 root          4  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        I<   21:09   0:00 [rcu_par_gp]

参数解释:

1 a 显示现行终端机下的所有程序,包括其他用户的 程序 
2 u 以用户为主的格式来显示程序状况 
3 x 显示所有程序,不以终端机来区

字段解释:

 1  USER: 进程拥有者 
 2  PID: 进程的id号 
 3  %CPU: 占用的 CPU 使用率 
 4  %MEM: 占用的记忆体使用率 
 5  VSZ: 占用的虚拟记忆体大小 
 6  RSS: 占用的记忆体大小 
 7  TTY: 终端的次要装置号码 (minor device number of tty) 
 8  STAT: 该行程的状态,linux的进程有5种状态:
 9         – D 不可中断 uninterruptible sleep (usually IO) 
10         – R 运行 runnable (on run queue) – S 中断 sleeping 
11         – T 停止 traced or stopped 
12         – Z 僵死 a defunct (”zombie”) process 
13         – 注: 其它状态还包括W(无驻留页), <(高优先级进程), N(低优先级进程), L( 内存锁页). 
14  START: 行程开始时间 
15  TIME: 执行的时间 
16  COMMAND:所执行的指令    

 

2.ps命令有很多参数,运行命令,比如ps -ef,则系统返回如下结果:

1 leitanchun@leitanchun:~$ ps -ef
2 UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
3 root 1 0 0 21:09 ? 00:00:02 /sbin/init splash
4 root 2 0 0 21:09 ? 00:00:00 [kthreadd]
5 root 3 2 0 21:09 ? 00:00:00 [rcu_gp]
6 root 4 2 0 21:09 ? 00:00:00 [rcu_par_gp]

参数解释:

1  e  选择所有进程。与-A相同
2  f  做完整的格式列表。此选项可以与许多其他UNIX样式的选项组合,以添加其他列。它还导致命令参数被打印。与-L一起使用时,将添加NLWP(线程数)和LWP(线程ID)列。请参见c选项、format关键字args和format关键字comm。

字段解释:

 1 UID: 代表执行者身份
 2 PID: 进程的ID号
 3 PPID: 父进程的ID
 4 C: CPU使用的资源百分比
 5 SZ: 使用的内存大小
 6 RSS: 该进程占用的固定的内存量 (Kbytes)
 7 PSR: 当前程序状态寄存
 8 STIME: 系统启动时间
 9 TTY: 终端的次要装置号码,该进程是在终端机上面运作,若与终端机无关,则显示。
10 TIME: 使用的 CPU 时间
11 CMD: 所下达的指令名称

4. 通过该实验产生新的疑问及解答

疑问:无法进入特权模式

解答

1、运行终端,并输入以下代码 

sudo passwd root

2、输入密码(此时无回显):xxxx(这里输入的是ubuntu系统的登录密码)

3、敲入一个新密码,这个密码就是之后我们进入ubuntu系统特权模式的密码

4、设置完成,以后我们再进入特权模式只需要输入su,再输入密码即可



posted @ 2020-03-06 22:19  殇墨痕  阅读(230)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报