matplotlib 的几种柱状图
1、x 表示数量，y 表示名字
1 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 2 3 4 dic = {'a': 22, 'b': 10, 'c': 6, 'd': 4, 'e': 2, 'f': 10, 'g': 24, 'h': 16, 'i': 1, 'j': 12} 5 s = sorted(dic.items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=False) # 对dict 按照value排序 True表示翻转 ,转为了列表形式 6 print(s) 7 x_x = [] 8 y_y = [] 9 for i in s: 10 x_x.append(i[0]) 11 y_y.append(i[1]) 12 13 x = x_x 14 y = y_y 15 16 fig, ax = plt.subplots() 17 ax.barh(x, y, color="deepskyblue") 18 labels = ax.get_xticklabels() 19 plt.setp(labels, rotation=0, horizontalalignment='right') 20 21 for a, b in zip(x, y): 22 plt.text(b+1, a, b, ha='center', va='center') 23 ax.legend(["label"],loc="lower right") 24 25 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签 26 plt.ylabel('name') 27 plt.xlabel('数量') 28 plt.rcParams['savefig.dpi'] = 300 # 图片像素 29 plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] = 300 # 分辨率 30 plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (15.0, 8.0) # 尺寸 31 plt.title("title") 32 33 plt.savefig('D:\\result.png') 34 plt.show()
2、x 表示名字，y 表示数量，多重组合
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np x = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j'] y1 = [6, 5, 8, 5, 6, 6, 8, 9, 8, 10] y2 = [5, 3, 6, 4, 3, 4, 7, 4, 4, 6] y3 = [4, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 6, 2, 3, 2] plt.bar(x, y1, label="label1", color='red') plt.bar(x, y2, label="label2",color='orange') plt.bar(x, y3, label="label3", color='lightgreen') plt.xticks(np.arange(len(x)), x, rotation=0, fontsize=10) # 数量多可以采用270度，数量少可以采用340度，得到更好的视图 plt.legend(loc="upper left") # 防止label和图像重合显示不出来 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签 plt.ylabel('数量') plt.xlabel('name') plt.rcParams['savefig.dpi'] = 300 # 图片像素 plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] = 300 # 分辨率 plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (15.0, 8.0) # 尺寸 plt.title("title") plt.savefig('D:\\result.png') plt.show()
3、x为线路，y 为值，多重组合
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np size = 10 y1 = [6, 5, 8, 5, 6, 6, 8, 9, 8, 10] y2 = [5, 3, 6, 4, 3, 4, 7, 4, 4, 6] y3 = [4, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 6, 2, 3, 2] x = np.arange(size) total_width, n = 0.8, 3 # 有多少个类型，只需更改n即可 width = total_width / n x = x - (total_width - width) / 2 plt.bar(x, y1, width=width, label='label1',color='red') plt.bar(x + width, y2, width=width, label='label2',color='deepskyblue') plt.bar(x + 2 * width, y3, width=width, label='label3', color='green') plt.xticks() plt.legend(loc="upper left") # 防止label和图像重合显示不出来 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签 plt.ylabel('value') plt.xlabel('line') plt.rcParams['savefig.dpi'] = 300 # 图片像素 plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] = 300 # 分辨率 plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (15.0, 8.0) # 尺寸 plt.title("title") plt.savefig('D:\\result.png') plt.show()
4、多个柱状图显示值，X轴显示x本应有的值
使用标签 tick_label
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np name = ["name1","name2","name3","name4","name5","name6","name7","name8","name9","name10"] y1 = [6, 5, 8, 5, 6, 6, 8, 9, 8, 10] y2 = [5, 3, 6, 4, 3, 4, 7, 4, 4, 6] y3 = [4, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 6, 2, 3, 2] x = np.arange(len(name)) width = 0.25 plt.bar(x, y1, width=width, label='label1',color='darkorange') plt.bar(x + width, y2, width=width, label='label2', color='deepskyblue', tick_label=name) plt.bar(x + 2 * width, y3, width=width, label='label3', color='green') # 显示在图形上的值 for a, b in zip(x,y1): plt.text(a, b+0.1, b, ha='center', va='bottom') for a,b in zip(x,y2): plt.text(a+width, b+0.1, b, ha='center', va='bottom') for a,b in zip(x, y3): plt.text(a+2*width, b+0.1, b, ha='center', va='bottom') plt.xticks() plt.legend(loc="upper left") # 防止label和图像重合显示不出来 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签 plt.ylabel('value') plt.xlabel('line') plt.rcParams['savefig.dpi'] = 300 # 图片像素 plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] = 300 # 分辨率 plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (15.0, 8.0) # 尺寸 plt.title("title") plt.savefig('D:\\result.png') plt.show()
5、对不同区段的值使用不同的颜色
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt x=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12] y=[6,3,9,2,6,16,8,10,4,14,18,6] def get_color(x, y): """对销量不同的区段标为不同的颜色""" color = [] for i in range(len(x)): if y[i] < 5: color.append("green") elif y[i] < 10: color.append("lightseagreen") elif y[i] < 15: color.append("gold") else: color.append("coral") return color plt.bar(x,y,label="销量",color=get_color(x,y), tick_label=x) for a,b in zip(x, y): plt.text(a, b+0.1, b, ha='center', va='bottom') plt.legend(loc="upper left") plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签 plt.ylabel('销量') plt.xlabel('date') plt.rcParams['savefig.dpi'] = 300 # 图片像素 plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] = 300 # 分辨率 plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (15.0, 8.0) # 尺寸 plt.title("月份销量的分布情况") plt.savefig('D:\\result.png') plt.show()
