CentOS 7.4通过rpm包离线安装 Mysql8.0并部署主从复制（附从库备份脚本）
一. 部署MySQL
(两个节点都做)
下载 rpm包
wget https://goodrain-pkg.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/mysql8.rpm
tar xvf mysql8.rpm
cd mysql/
卸载mariadb
rpm -qa|grep mariadb
rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64 --nodeps
安装 MySQL
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-client-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-common-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm
启动 MySQL
systemctl restart mysqld
systemctl enable mysqld
获取密码
$ grep "A temporary password is generated for root@localhost" /var/log/mysqld.log
2020-06-07T12:51:10.889926Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 7Pq+r7v5H:d1
登录并修改密码
mysql -uroot -p7Pq+r7v5H:d1
### 初始化时已更改root密码，这里可以省略
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Www.1.com';
附（创建用户并授权操作）
### 为了避免SQLyog连接8.0报：Error No.2058 Plugin caching_sha2_password could not be loaded，后续工具更新后，再使用8.0新的加密方式
mysql> CREATE USER 'test'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'Www.1.com';
### 授予用户所有权限
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'test'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
二. 部署主从复制
修改配置文件
主
$ vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
# 修改为utf8编码
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
character_set_server=utf8mb4
collation_server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
# 默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB
# Compatible with versions before 8.0
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
skip-host-cache
skip-name-resolve
# 主从配置
log-bin=binlog
server-id=1
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=on
log-slave-updates=on
expire_logs_days=14
max_binlog_size=100M
# Logging
log_warnings = 2
slow_query_log= 1
slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysql/slow.log
long_query_time = 0.5
log_slow_rate_limit = 1000
log_slow_verbosity = query_plan
log-queries-not-using-indexes
log_slow_admin_statements
[client]
#设置客户端编码
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysql]
# 设置mysql客户端默认编码
default-character-set=utf8mb4
# Custom config should go here
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
# Custom config should go here
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
从
$ vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
# 修改为utf8编码
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
character_set_server=utf8mb4
collation_server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
# 默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB
# Compatible with versions before 8.0
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
skip-host-cache
skip-name-resolve
# 主从配置
server-id=2
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=on
log-slave-updates=on
expire_logs_days=14
max_binlog_size=100M
# Logging
log_warnings = 2
slow_query_log= 1
slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysql/slow.log
long_query_time = 0.5
log_slow_rate_limit = 1000
log_slow_verbosity = query_plan
log-queries-not-using-indexes
log_slow_admin_statements
[client]
#设置客户端编码
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysql]
# 设置mysql客户端默认编码
default-character-set=utf8mb4
# Custom config should go here
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
# Custom config should go here
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
重启数据库
systemctl restart mysql
主数据库
查看数据库字符编码（可选）,并创建用户授权
# 进入数据库
docker exec -it mysql_master bash
# 查看字符编码
mysql> show global variables like'%character_set%';
# 创建用户授权
mysql> CREATE USER 'slave'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'slave';
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'slave'@'%';
mysql> flush privileges;
获取主节点当前binary log文件名和位置（position）
mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| binlog.000003 | 868 | | | 1b009ef8-a67f-11ea-8c9a-0242ac110002:1-8 |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
从数据库
# 主从配置
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
mysql> MASTER_HOST='192.168.0.162',
mysql> MASTER_USER='slave',
mysql> MASTER_PASSWORD='slave',
mysql> MASTER_PORT=3306,
mysql> MASTER_LOG_FILE='binlog.000003',
mysql> MASTER_LOG_POS=868;
# 开启主从同步
mysql> start slave;
# 再查看主从同步状态
mysql> show slave status;
这里只要看到两个参数Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running都为true且Error字段都为空则代码主从正常复制
三. 测试验证
通过在主服务器创建数据库建表插入数据的方式来进行测试，查看从服务器是否同步更新了数据
在主库创建库
mysql> create database console;
在从库查看
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| console |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
数据同步成功，主从复制部署完成
四. 从节点配置备份计划
- 安装并配置计划任务
$ crontab -e
0 3 * * * /var/lib/mysql-backup/mysql-backup.sh
- 备份脚本内容
$ vim /var/lib/mysql-backup/mysql-backup.sh
#!/bin/bash
DATE=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M` #every minute
DB_USER=root #database username
DB_PASS="mysqlpass" #database password
BACKUP=/var/lib/mysql-backup #backup path
#backup command
/usr/bin/mysqldump -u$DB_USER -p$DB_PASS -h 127.0.0.1 |gzip > ${BACKUP}\/rainbond_${DATE}.sql.gz
#just backup the latest 30 days
find ${BACKUP} -name "rainbond_*.sql.gz" -type f -mtime +30 -exec rm {} \; > /dev/null 2>&1
- 赋予执行权限
chmod +x /var/lib/mysql-backup/mysql-backup.sh
