python 模块2 类初步
模块
一、configparser
[section1] k1 = v1 k1:v1 [section2] k3 = v3
1、获取所有节点
import configparser config = configparser.ConfigParser() config.read('settings', encoding='utf-8') res = config.sections() print(res)
2、获取指定节点下所有的键值对
import configparser config = configparser.ConfigParser() config.read('settings', encoding='utf-8') res = config.items('section1') print(res)
3、获取节点下所有的键
import configparser config = configparser.ConfigParser() config.read('settings', encoding='utf-8') res = config.options('section1') print(res)
4、获取指定节点下指定key的值
import configparser config = configparser.ConfigParser() config.read('settings', encoding='utf-8') v = config.get('section1', 'k1') # v = config.getint('section1', 'k1') # v = config.getfloat('section1', 'k1') # v = config.getboolean('section1', 'k1') print(v)
5、检查、删除、添加节点
import configparser config = configparser.ConfigParser() config.read('settings', encoding='utf-8') # 检查 has_sec = config.has_section('section1') print(has_sec) # 添加节点 config.add_section("SEC_1") config.write(open('settings', 'w')) # 删除节点 config.remove_section("SEC_1") config.write(open('settings', 'w'))
6、检查、删除、设置指定组内的键值对
import configparser config = configparser.ConfigParser() config.read('settings', encoding='utf-8') # 检查 has_opt = config.has_option('section1', 'k1') print(has_opt) # 删除 config.remove_option('section1', 'k1') config.write(open('settings', 'w')) # 设置 config.set('section1', 'k10', "123") config.write(open('settings', 'w'))
二、xml
1、解析xml
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET # 打开文件，读取XML内容 str_xml = open('conf.xml', 'r').read() # 将字符串解析成xml特殊对象，root代指xml文件的根节点 root = ET.XML(str_xml)
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET # 直接解析xml文件 tree = ET.parse("xo.xml") # 获取xml文件的根节点 root = tree.getroot()
2、操作xml
1) 遍历XML文档的所有内容
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET ############ 解析方式一 ############ """ # 打开文件，读取XML内容 str_xml = open('xo.xml', 'r').read() # 将字符串解析成xml特殊对象，root代指xml文件的根节点 root = ET.XML(str_xml) """ ############ 解析方式二 ############ # 直接解析xml文件 tree = ET.parse("conf.xml") # 获取xml文件的根节点 root = tree.getroot() ### 操作 # 顶层标签 print(root.tag) # 遍历XML文档的第二层 for child in root: # 第二层节点的标签名称和标签属性 print(child.tag, child.attrib) # 遍历XML文档的第三层 for i in child: # 第二层节点的标签名称和内容 print(i.tag,i.text)
2)遍历XML中指定的节点
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET ############ 解析方式一 ############ """ # 打开文件，读取XML内容 str_xml = open('xo.xml', 'r').read() # 将字符串解析成xml特殊对象，root代指xml文件的根节点 root = ET.XML(str_xml) """ ############ 解析方式二 ############ # 直接解析xml文件 tree = ET.parse("conf.xml") # 获取xml文件的根节点 root = tree.getroot() ### 操作 # 顶层标签 print(root.tag) # 遍历XML中所有的year节点 for node in root.iter('year'): # 节点的标签名称和内容 print(node.tag, node.text)
3)修改节点内容
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET ############ 解析方式一 ############ # 打开文件，读取XML内容 str_xml = open('xo.xml', 'r').read() # 将字符串解析成xml特殊对象，root代指xml文件的根节点 root = ET.XML(str_xml) ############ 操作 ############ # 顶层标签 print(root.tag) # 循环所有的year节点 for node in root.iter('year'): # 将year节点中的内容自增一 new_year = int(node.text) + 1 node.text = str(new_year) # 设置属性 node.set('name', 'alex') node.set('age', '18') # 删除属性 del node.attrib['name'] ############ 保存文件 ############ tree = ET.ElementTree(root) tree.write("newnew.xml", encoding='utf-8') 复制代码
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET ############ 解析方式二 ############ # 直接解析xml文件 tree = ET.parse("xo.xml") # 获取xml文件的根节点 root = tree.getroot() ############ 操作 ############ # 顶层标签 print(root.tag) # 循环所有的year节点 for node in root.iter('year'): # 将year节点中的内容自增一 new_year = int(node.text) + 1 node.text = str(new_year) # 设置属性 node.set('name', 'alex') node.set('age', '18') # 删除属性 del node.attrib['name'] ############ 保存文件 ############ tree.write("newnew.xml", encoding='utf-8')
4) 删除节点
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET ############ 解析字符串方式打开 ############ # 打开文件，读取XML内容 str_xml = open('xo.xml', 'r').read() # 将字符串解析成xml特殊对象，root代指xml文件的根节点 root = ET.XML(str_xml) ############ 操作 ############ # 顶层标签 print(root.tag) # 遍历data下的所有country节点 for country in root.findall('country'): # 获取每一个country节点下rank节点的内容 rank = int(country.find('rank').text) if rank > 50: # 删除指定country节点 root.remove(country) ############ 保存文件 ############ tree = ET.ElementTree(root) tree.write("newnew.xml", encoding='utf-8')
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET ############ 解析文件方式 ############ # 直接解析xml文件 tree = ET.parse("xo.xml") # 获取xml文件的根节点 root = tree.getroot() ############ 操作 ############ # 顶层标签 print(root.tag) # 遍历data下的所有country节点 for country in root.findall('country'): # 获取每一个country节点下rank节点的内容 rank = int(country.find('rank').text) if rank > 50: # 删除指定country节点 root.remove(country) ############ 保存文件 ############ tree.write("newnew.xml", encoding='utf-8')
3、创建XML文档
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET # 创建根节点 root = ET.Element("famliy") # 创建节点大儿子 son1 = ET.Element('son', {'name': '儿1'}) # 创建小儿子 son2 = ET.Element('son', {"name": '儿2'}) # 在大儿子中创建两个孙子 grandson1 = ET.Element('grandson', {'name': '儿11'}) grandson2 = ET.Element('grandson', {'name': '儿12'}) son1.append(grandson1) son1.append(grandson2) # 把儿子添加到根节点中 root.append(son1) root.append(son1) tree = ET.ElementTree(root) tree.write('oooo.xml',encoding='utf-8', short_empty_elements=False)
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET # 创建根节点 root = ET.Element("famliy") # 创建大儿子 # son1 = ET.Element('son', {'name': '儿1'}) son1 = root.makeelement('son', {'name': '儿1'}) # 创建小儿子 # son2 = ET.Element('son', {"name": '儿2'}) son2 = root.makeelement('son', {"name": '儿2'}) # 在大儿子中创建两个孙子 # grandson1 = ET.Element('grandson', {'name': '儿11'}) grandson1 = son1.makeelement('grandson', {'name': '儿11'}) # grandson2 = ET.Element('grandson', {'name': '儿12'}) grandson2 = son1.makeelement('grandson', {'name': '儿12'}) son1.append(grandson1) son1.append(grandson2) # 把儿子添加到根节点中 root.append(son1) root.append(son1) tree = ET.ElementTree(root) tree.write('oooo.xml',encoding='utf-8', short_empty_elements=False)
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET # 创建根节点 root = ET.Element("famliy") # 创建节点大儿子 son1 = ET.SubElement(root, "son", attrib={'name': '儿1'}) # 创建小儿子 son2 = ET.SubElement(root, "son", attrib={"name": "儿2"}) # 在大儿子中创建一个孙子 grandson1 = ET.SubElement(son1, "age", attrib={'name': '儿11'}) grandson1.text = '孙子' et = ET.ElementTree(root) #生成文档对象 et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8", xml_declaration=True, short_empty_elements=False)
由于原生保存的XML时默认无缩进，如果想要设置缩进的话， 需要修改保存方式：
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET from xml.dom import minidom def prettify(elem): """将节点转换成字符串，并添加缩进。 """ rough_string = ET.tostring(elem, 'utf-8') reparsed = minidom.parseString(rough_string) return reparsed.toprettyxml(indent="\t") # 创建根节点 root = ET.Element("famliy") # 创建大儿子 # son1 = ET.Element('son', {'name': '儿1'}) son1 = root.makeelement('son', {'name': '儿1'}) # 创建小儿子 # son2 = ET.Element('son', {"name": '儿2'}) son2 = root.makeelement('son', {"name": '儿2'}) # 在大儿子中创建两个孙子 # grandson1 = ET.Element('grandson', {'name': '儿11'}) grandson1 = son1.makeelement('grandson', {'name': '儿11'}) # grandson2 = ET.Element('grandson', {'name': '儿12'}) grandson2 = son1.makeelement('grandson', {'name': '儿12'}) son1.append(grandson1) son1.append(grandson2) # 把儿子添加到根节点中 root.append(son1) root.append(son1) raw_str = prettify(root) f = open("xxxoo.xml",'w',encoding='utf-8') f.write(raw_str) f.close()
4、命名空间
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET ET.register_namespace('com',"http://www.company.com") #some name # build a tree structure root = ET.Element("{http://www.company.com}STUFF") body = ET.SubElement(root, "{http://www.company.com}MORE_STUFF", attrib={"{http://www.company.com}hhh": "123"}) body.text = "STUFF EVERYWHERE!" # wrap it in an ElementTree instance, and save as XML tree = ET.ElementTree(root) tree.write("page.xml", xml_declaration=True, encoding='utf-8', method="xml")
