期末作品检查

一、个人学期总结

    在经过一个学期的管理信息系统的学习我接触到了python这门全新的语言。相比较于以前学习的java语言来说，python的学习让我充满兴趣和学习欲望。首先python语言简单，很容易入手。功能实现所需要的代码非常精简。不用花费时间去打很多代码。实现出的功能让我有成就感。

  在管理信息系统的前半学期时间学习了许多python的基础功能。了解了许多第三方库，像是datebase、turtle、jieba等。展现出画图、时间、词频统计等等。后半学期学习了论坛的网页制作，首先学习了前端页面css效果的显示让页面显示的美观大方。还学习了网页继承，让我们可以继承父模板减少了工作量。

    后期连接数据库进行数据的调用传输。学习了注册、登录、发布问答、个人中心、详情页、密码保护、模型分离等功能。其中利用后台主py文件进行功能实现，再到页面上进行连接赋值完成整个论坛网页的制作。python的功能非常庞大，具有大量的第三方库。被称为胶水语言，不仅可以用来制作网页，还可以用来做数据挖掘。前景十分好。在最后感谢杜云梅老师本学期的教导，让我很好的进入到python这门课程，让我学习到了很多东西。在今后的学习生活中我也会继续学习python，为今后的生活工作打下基础。

 

二、Python+Flask+MysqL的web建设技术过程总结

1.web建设的使用工具

工具：pycharm+mysql+Python+Navicat for mysql

2.基础界面展示

①导航栏

②首页

③登录界面and注册界面

④发布问答and问答详情页

⑥个人中心页面

3.第三方库导入与数据库的连接

from flask import Flask
from flask import render_template, request, redirect, url_for, session
import config, os
from functools import wraps
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from datetime import datetime
from sqlalchemy import or_,and_
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash,check_password_hash

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(config)
db = SQLAlchemy(app)

SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'mysql+pymysql://root:19940224@localhost:3306/mis_db?charset=utf8'
SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False

4、数据库表的建立与增删查改功能

class User(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'user'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(20), nullable=False)
    _password = db.Column(db.String(200), nullable=False)
    nickname = db.Column(db.String(20), nullable=True)

    @property
    def password(self):  #外部使用
        return self._password
    @password.setter
    def password(self,row_password):
        self._password=generate_password_hash(row_password)

    def check_password(self,row_password):
        result=check_password_hash(self._password,row_password)
        return result


class Ques(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'question'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
    author = db.relationship('User', backref=db.backref('question'))
    title = db.Column(db.String(20), nullable=False)
    detail = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False)
    creat_time = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now)


class Comment(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'comment'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
    question_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('question.id'))
    creat_time = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now)
    detail = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False)
    question = db.relationship('Ques', backref=db.backref('comment', order_by=creat_time.desc))
    author = db.relationship('User', backref=db.backref('comment'))


class Dianzan(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'dianzan'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
    question_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('question.id'))
    question = db.relationship('Ques', backref=db.backref('dianzan'))
    author = db.relationship('User', backref=db.backref('dianzan'))
db.create_all()

# 增加
# user=User(username='yujiujiu2',password='11111',nickname='123456')
# db.session.add(user)
# db.session.commit()
# 查询
# user=User.query.filter(User.username =='yujiujiu2').first()
# print(user.username,user.password,user.nickname)
# 删除
# user=User.query.filter(User.username =='vixx').first()
# db.session.delete(user)
# db.session.commit()
# 修改
# user=User.query.filter(User.username =='vixx').first()
# user.password='123456789'
# db.session.commit()

5、登录与注册功能的实现

主py文件（后台功能的实现）：

# 注册
@app.route('/regist', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def regist():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render_template('regist.html')
    else:
        username = request.form.get('username')
        password = request.form.get('password')

        user = User.query.filter(User.username == username).first()
        # 判断用户名是否存在
        if user:
            return u'账号已存在'
        else:
            user = User(username=username, password=password)
            db.session.add(user)
            db.session.commit()
            return redirect(url_for('login'))

# 登录
@app.route('/login/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render_template('login.html')
    else:
        username = request.form.get('username')
        password = request.form.get('password')
        user = User.query.filter(User.username == username).first()
        # 判断用户名是否存在
        if user:
            if user.check_password(password):
                session['user'] = username
                session['userid']=user.id
                session.permanent = True
                return redirect(url_for('index'))
            else:
                return u'密码错误'
        else:
            return u'账号不存在'

页面获取数据

{#登录#}
            <form action="{{ url_for('login') }}" method="post">
                <div align="center">username:<input id="user" type="text" name="username" placeholder="请输入用户名"></div>
                <br>
                <div align="center"> password:<input id="upass" type="password" name="password" align="center"><br>
                </div>
                <div align="center">
                    <button type="submit" onclick=" return fuck()">登录</button>
                    <input type="button" value="cancel"><br>
                </div>
                <div align="center">
                    <div id="error_box"></div>
                    <br>
                </div>
            </form>

{#注册#}
            <form action="{{ url_for('regist') }}" method="post">
                <div align="center"> 账号注册:<input id="uname" type="text" name="username" placeholder="请输入用户名"><br></div>
                <div align="center"> 注册密码:<input id="upass" type="password" name="password" placeholder="请输入密码"><br>
                </div>
                <div align="center"> 确认密码:<input id="upass1" type="password" name="password1" placeholder="请确认密码"></div>
                <div align="center">
                    <div>
                        <button type="submit" onclick="return zhuce()">注册</button>
                        <input type="button" value="cancel"><br>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div align="center">
                    <div id="error_box"></div>
                    <br>
                </div>
            </form>

6、问答详情页与发布评论

主py文件实现功能

# 问答详情页
@app.route('/detail/<question_id>', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def detail(question_id):
    quest = Ques.query.filter(Ques.id == question_id).first()
    comments = Comment.query.filter(Comment.question_id == question_id).all()
    dzyes = Dianzan.query.filter(  # dzyes用在用户详情页判断是否已点赞的按钮
        and_(
            Dianzan.author_id == session.get('userid'), Dianzan.question_id == question_id
        )
    ).first()
    return render_template('detail.html', quest=quest,comments=comments,dzyes=dzyes)

# 评论
@app.route('/comment',methods=['POST'])
@loginFirst
def comment():
    comment =request.form.get('new_comment')
    question_id=request.form.get('question_id')
    auth_id=User.query.filter(User.username==session.get('user')).first().id
    comm = Comment(author_id=auth_id,question_id=question_id,detail=comment)
    db.session.add(comm)
    db.session.commit()

页面显示传输数据

{% extends 'index.html' %}
{% block registertitle %} 内容{% endblock %}
{% block registerhead %}
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../static/js/js.js"></script>{% endblock %}
<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../static/css/webb.css">
<base href="www.gzcc.cn" target="_blank">



{% block body %}
    <div class="container" align="">
        <div class="row clearfix">
            <div class="col-md-3 column">
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-6 column">
                <h3 align="center">{{ quest.title }}</h3>
                <div align="center" style="font-weight: 900 ">
                    {#                    <span style="color: red">作者：{{ quest.author.username }}&nbsp;时间:{{ quest.creat_time }}</span>#}
                    <span class="badge">作者：{{ quest.author.username }}&nbsp;&nbsp;发布时间:{{ quest.creat_time }}</span>
                </div>
                <div class="panel panel-default">
                    <div class="panel-body" style="font-size:large">
                        &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;{{ quest.detail }}
                        <form action="{{ url_for('dianzan',question_id=question_id) }}" method="post">
                            <input type="hidden" name="question_id" value="{{ quest.id }}">
                            <input type="hidden" name="author_id" value="{{ userid }}">
                            {% if dzyes %}
                                <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-xs pull-right"><span
                                        class="glyphicon glyphicon-heart">{{ quest.dianzan |length }}</span></button>
                            {% else %}
                                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success btn-xs pull-right"><span
                                        class="glyphicon glyphicon-heart-empty">赞</span></button>
                            {% endif %}
                        </form>
                        <span class=""></span><em>点赞：{{ quest.dianzan|length }}</em>
                    </div>
                </div>
                {#                    <div align="right">#}
                {#                        <form action=""></form><a href="" style="font-size: medium">点赞</a></div>#}
                {#                </div>#}



                <h4>评论：({{ quest.comment|length }})</h4>
                {% for foo in comments %}
                    <div class="panel panel-default">
                        <div class="panel-body">
                                <span><a
                                        href="{{ url_for('usercenter',user_id=foo.author.id,tag='1') }}">{{ foo.author.username }}</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;时间:{{ foo.creat_time }}</span><br>
                            <span style="font-size: medium">&nbsp;&nbsp;{{ foo.detail }}</span>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                {% endfor %}

            <h4>发布评论</h4>
            <div>
                    <form action="{{ url_for('comment') }}" method="post">
                        <textarea name="new_comment" id="new_comment" cols="90" rows="5"></textarea>
                        <input id="question_id" name="question_id" type="hidden" value="{{ quest.id }}">
                        <button type="submit">发布</button>
                    </form>
                </div>
                <div class="col-md-3 column">
                </div>

            </div>
        </div>

    </div>
{% endblock %}

7、个人中心

主py文件的功能实现

@app.route('/usercenter/<user_id>/<tag>')
@loginFirst
def usercenter(user_id,tag):
    user=User.query.filter(User.id==user_id).first()
    context={
        'username_id': user.id,
        'username':user.username,
        'questions':user.question,
        'comments':user.comment
    }
    if tag == '1':
        return render_template('usercenter.html',**context)
    elif tag == '2':
        return render_template('all_question.html', **context)
    else:
        return render_template('all_comment.html', **context)

父模板user

{% extends"index.html" %}
{% block logintitle %}个人中心{% endblock %}
{% block loginhead %}
    <style>
        .nav_ul li {
            list-style: none;
            float: left;
            margin: 10px;
        }
    </style>

{% endblock %}
{% block body %}
    <div class="container">
        <div class="row clearfix">
            <div class="col-md-2 column">
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-8 column" id="rgba1">

                <ul class="nav_ul">
                    <li role="presentation"><a href="{{ url_for('usercenter',user_id = username_id,tag='2') }}">全部问答</a>
                    </li>
                    <li role="presentation"><a href="{{ url_for('usercenter',user_id = username_id,tag='3') }}">全部评论</a>
                    </li>
                    <li role="presentation"><a href="{{ url_for('usercenter',user_id = username_id,tag='1') }}">个人信息</a>
                    </li>
                </ul>
                <br>
                {% block user %}{% endblock %}
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-2 column">
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
{% endblock %}

所有问答

{% extends"index.html" %}
{% block logintitle %}个人中心{% endblock %}
{% block loginhead %}
    <style>
        .nav_ul li {
            list-style: none;
            float: left;
            margin: 10px;
        }
    </style>

{% endblock %}
{% block body %}
    <div class="container">
        <div class="row clearfix">
            <div class="col-md-2 column">
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-8 column" id="rgba1">

                <ul class="nav_ul">
                    <li role="presentation"><a href="{{ url_for('usercenter',user_id = username_id,tag='2') }}">全部问答</a>
                    </li>
                    <li role="presentation"><a href="{{ url_for('usercenter',user_id = username_id,tag='3') }}">全部评论</a>
                    </li>
                    <li role="presentation"><a href="{{ url_for('usercenter',user_id = username_id,tag='1') }}">个人信息</a>
                    </li>
                </ul>
                <br>
                {% block user %}{% endblock %}
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-2 column">
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
{% endblock %}

所有评论

{% extends 'user.html' %}
{% block user %}
{#<div class="container">#}
{#    <div class="row clearfix">#}
{#        <div class="col-md-2 column">#}
{#        </div>#}
{#        <div class="col-md-8 column"  id="rgba1">#}
{##}

        <hr>
        <h3 align="center">
            <small>全部评论</small>
        </h3>
        <ul class="list-unstyled">
            {% for foo in comments %}
                <li class="list-group-item">

                    <span class="badge pull-right">{{ foo.create_time }}</span>
                    <p>文章标题：{{ foo.question.title }}</p>
                    <p>评论内容：{{ foo.detail }}</p>
                    <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></span><small ><a>{{ foo.author.username }}</a></small>
                    <br>
                </li>
            {% endfor %}
        </ul>
{#        </div>#}
{#        <div class="col-md-2 column">#}
{#        </div>#}
{#    </div>#}
{#</div>#}
{% endblock %}

个人中心

{% extends 'user.html' %}
{% block user %}
{#    <div class="container">#}
{#        <div class="row clearfix">#}
{#            <div class="col-md-2 column">#}
{#            </div>#}
{#            <div class="col-md-8 column" id="rgba1">#}
                <p class="text-center">
                    <small>{{ username }}</small>
                </p>
                <hr>
                <h3 align="center">
                    <small>个人信息</small>
                </h3>
                <ul class="list-group">
                    <li class="list-group-item" style=" line-height: 1.5 !important;">><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></span>用户:{{ username }}</li>
                    <li class="list-group-item" style=" line-height: 1.5 !important;">>昵称</li>
                    <li class="list-group-item" style=" line-height: 1.5 !important;">>文章篇数:{{ questions|length }}</li>
                    <li class="list-group-item" style=" line-height: 1.5 !important;">><a href="{{ url_for('password_update',user_id=username_id) }}">修改密码</a></li>
                </ul>
{#            </div>#}
{#            <div class="col-md-2 column">#}
{#            </div>#}
{#        </div>#}
{#    </div><br>#}
{% endblock %}

8、搜索功能

主py文件

@app.route('/search/',methods=['GET','POST'])
def search():
    search = request.args.get('search')
    question = Ques.query.filter(
        or_(
            Ques.title.contains(search),
            Ques.detail.contains(search)
        )

    ).order_by('-creat_time')

    return render_template('index.html',question=question)

页面传输显示

 <form class="navbar-form navbar-left" action="{{ url_for('search') }}" method="get" role="search">
                <div class="form-group">
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" name="search" placeholder="Search">
                </div>
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">搜索</button>
            </form>

9、密码保护

  @property
    def password(self):  #外部使用
        return self._password
    @password.setter
    def password(self,row_password):
        self._password=generate_password_hash(row_password)

    def check_password(self,row_password):
        result=check_password_hash(self._password,row_password)
        return result