Django组件(二) Django之Form
Forms组件概述
forms组件
-Django提供的用语数据校验和模板渲染的组件
-在项目中创建一个py文件
-1 写一个类继承Form
-2 在类中写属性,写的属性,就是要校验的字段
-3 使用:生成一个你写的类的对象myform,把要校验的数据(字典),传到对象中:MyForm(字典)
-数据多?数据少?数据多可以,少不行(required控制)
-4 myform.is_valid() 是True表示所有字段都通过校验
-5 myform.cleaned_data:是一个字典,所有通过校验的数据放在里面
-6 myform.errors:是一个字典,所有的错误字段的信息
-在模板中:
-{{myform.name}}
-{%for item in myform%}
{{item.label}}:{{item}}
{%endfor%}
-myform.as_table/as_p/as_ul(不推荐使用)
-forms组件的渲染错误信息
在模板中:<span>{{ foo.errors.0 }}</span>
-forms使用bootstrap样式
widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}))
-全局和局部钩子函数
AOP:面向切面编程
-局部钩子函数(再校验name)
def clean_name(self):
# 从cleaned_data中取出字段的值
name = self.cleaned_data.get('name')
# # 校验是否以sb开头
if name.startswith('sb'):
raise ValidationError('不能以sb开头')
else:
return name
-全局钩子函数
def clean(self):
pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('pwd')
re_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('re_pwd')
if pwd==re_pwd:
# 正确,返回self.cleaned_data
return self.cleaned_data
else:
# 校验失败,抛异常
raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致')
校验字段功能
针对一个实例：注册用户讲解。
模型：models.py
class UserInfo(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
pwd=models.CharField(max_length=32)
email=models.EmailField(
模版文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<div>
<label for="user">用户名</label>
<p><input type="text" name="name" id="name"></p>
</div>
<div>
<label for="pwd">密码</label>
<p><input type="password" name="pwd" id="pwd"></p>
</div>
<div>
<label for="r_pwd">确认密码</label>
<p><input type="password" name="r_pwd" id="r_pwd"></p>
</div>
<div>
<label for="email">邮箱</label>
<p><input type="text" name="email" id="email"></p>
</div>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
视图函数
# forms组件
from django.forms import widgets
wid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
class UserForm(forms.Form):
name=forms.CharField(max_length=32,
widget=wid_01
)
pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01)
tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)
def register(request):
if request.method=="POST":
form=UserForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print(form.cleaned_data) # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值
else:
print(form.cleaned_data) #
print(form.errors) # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}
print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]
return HttpResponse("OK")
form=UserForm()
return render(request,"register.html",locals())
渲染标签功能
渲染方式1
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<h3>注册页面</h3>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<div>
<label for="">用户名</label>
{{ form.name }}
</div>
<div>
<label for="">密码</label>
{{ form.pwd }}
</div>
<div>
<label for="">确认密码</label>
{{ form.r_pwd }}
</div>
<div>
<label for=""> 邮箱</label>
{{ form.email }}
</div>
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
渲染方式2
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{% for field in form %}
<div>
<label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
{{ field }}
</div>
{% endfor %}
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
</form>
渲染方式3
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
</form>
渲染错误信息功能
视图
def register(request):
if request.method=="POST":
form=UserForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print(form.cleaned_data) # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值
else:
print(form.cleaned_data) #
print(form.errors) # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}
print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]
return render(request,"register.html",locals())
form=UserForm()
return render(request,"register.html",locals())
模板
<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{% for field in form %}
<div>
<label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
{{ field }} <span class="pull-right" style="color: red">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
</div>
{% endfor %}
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default">
</form>
组件的参数配置
class Ret(Form):
name = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, label='用户名',
error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误', 'max_length': '太长',
'min_length': '太短'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}))
pwd = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}))
email = forms.EmailField(label='邮箱', error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'})
局部钩子
from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationError
def clean_name(self):
val=self.cleaned_data.get("name")
ret=UserInfo.objects.filter(name=val)
if not ret:
return val
else:
raise ValidationError("该用户已注册!")
def clean_tel(self):
val=self.cleaned_data.get("tel")
if len(val)==11:
return val
else:
raise ValidationError("手机号格式错误")
全局钩子
def clean(self):
pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('pwd')
r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('r_pwd')
if pwd and r_pwd:
if pwd==r_pwd:
return self.cleaned_data
else:
raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致')
else:
return self.cleaned_data
pwd_err=my_form.errors.get('__all__')
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
# Create your views here.
from app01.myforms import *
def reg(request):
if request.method=="POST":
print(request.POST)
#form=UserForm({"name":"yu","email":"123@qq.com","xxxx":"alex"})
form=UserForm(request.POST) # form表单的name属性值应该与forms组件字段名称一致
print(form.is_valid()) # 返回布尔值
if form.is_valid():
print(form.cleaned_data) # {"name":"yuan","email":"123@qq.com"}
else:
print(form.cleaned_data) # {"email":"123@qq.com"}
# print(form.errors) # {"name":[".........."]}
# print(type(form.errors)) # ErrorDict
# print(form.errors.get("name"))
# print(type(form.errors.get("name"))) # ErrorList
# print(form.errors.get("name")[0])
# 全局钩子错误
#print("error",form.errors.get("__all__")[0])
errors=form.errors.get("__all__")
return render(request,"reg.html",locals())
'''
form.is_valid() :返回布尔值
form.cleaned_data :{"name":"yuan","email":"123@qq.com"}
form.errors :{"name":[".........."]}
'''
form=UserForm()
return render(request,"reg.html",locals())
浙公网安备 33010602011771号