Dockerfile指令

Dockerfile指令

FROM #基础镜像 一切从这里开始搭建
MAINTAINER #镜像是谁写的 姓名+邮箱
RUN #镜像构建的时候需要运行的命令
ADD #步骤：tomcat镜像 这个tomcat压缩包 添加内容
WORKDIR #镜像工作的目录
VOLUME #挂载的目录
EXPOSE #保留端口配置
CMD #指定这个容器启动的时候需要运行的命令，只有最后一个会生效 可被替代
ENTRYPOINT #指定这个容器启动的时候需要运行的命令，可以追加命令
ONBUILD #当构建一个被继承 Dockerfile 这个时候就会运行 ONBUILD 的指令 触发指令
COPY #类似ADD 将我们文件拷贝到镜像中
ENV #构建的时候设置环境变量

实战测试

#构建自己的centos镜像
root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/home/text1# vim xiaohei
root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/home/text1# cat xiaohei
FROM centos
MAINTAINER FANWD<320013624@qq.com
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH
RUN yum -y install vim
RUN yum -y install net-tools
EXPOSE 80
CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "---------end--------"
CMD /bin/bash
#通过文件构建镜像
root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/home/text1# docker build -f xiaohei -t mycentos:0.1 . #命令构建
Successfully built 2e209a1255fd
Successfully tagged mycentos:0.1
#新建镜像进行测试
[root@9c21b634a633 local]# pwd
/usr/local
[root@9c21b634a633 local]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.2 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255
ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 21 bytes 2800 (2.7 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@9c21b634a633 local]# vim xiaohei123
# docker history 容器id 查看镜像变化的过程

CMD && ENTRYPOINT 的区别

CMD #指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令 只有最后一个会生效 可被替代
ENTRYPOINT #指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令 可以追加命令
测试CMD

#测试
root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/home/text1# cat cesho1
FROM centos
CMD ["ls","-a"]
root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/home/text1# docker build -f cesho1 -t centos:3.0 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB
Step 1/2 : FROM centos
---> 300e315adb2f
Step 2/2 : CMD ["ls","-a"]
---> Running in 00af7ce5a732
Removing intermediate container 00af7ce5a732
---> 3e4ea39097a2
Successfully built 3e4ea39097a2
Successfully tagged centos:3.0
#进入
root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/home/text1# docker run -it centos:3.0
. .dockerenv dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
.. bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
、
#追加-l测试报错
root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/home/text1# docker run 3e4ea39097a2 -l
docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:367: starting container process caused: exec: "-l": executable file not found in $PATH: unknown.
ERRO[0000] error waiting for container: context canceled

测试ENTRYPOINT

root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/home/text1# cat cesho1
FROM centos
ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"]
#新建镜像
root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/home/text1# docker build -f cesho1 -t centos:4.0 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 7.68kB
Step 1/2 : FROM centos
---> 300e315adb2f
Step 2/2 : ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"]
---> Running in 6112f7cf447a
Removing intermediate container 6112f7cf447a
---> b148ce1f9d73
Successfully built b148ce1f9d73
Successfully tagged centos:4.0
#打开镜像
root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/home/text1# docker run -it centos:4.0
. .dockerenv dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
.. bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
#追加命令 -l
root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/home/text1# docker run -it b148ce1f9d73 -l
total 56
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Mar 29 07:27 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Mar 29 07:27 ..
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Mar 29 07:27 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 15:22 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 360 Mar 29 07:27 dev
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Mar 29 07:27 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 15:22 home
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 15:22 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 3 15:22 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Dec 4 17:37 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 15:22 media
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 15:22 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 15:22 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 301 root root 0 Mar 29 07:27 proc
dr-xr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Dec 4 17:37 root
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Dec 4 17:37 run
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Nov 3 15:22 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 15:22 srv
dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 Mar 29 07:27 sys
drwxrwxrwt 7 root root 4096 Dec 4 17:37 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Dec 4 17:37 usr
drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 4096 Dec 4 17:37 var

docker run、exec和attach使用和区别

docker run；创建和启动一个新的容器实例，操作对象是镜像，选项较多，如果你要创建和启动一个容器，只能用run；
docker exec: 在已运行的容器中，执行命令，操作对象是容器，如果你要进入已运行的容器，并且执行命令，用exec；
docker attach: 同样操作的是已运行的容器，可以将本机标准输入（键盘输入）输到容器中，也可以将容器的输出显示在本机的屏幕上，如果你想查看容器运行过程中产生的标准输入输出，用attach；
查看的一个大佬的博客 这是他的原文链接：

单击

docker网络

root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/fanwd/build/tomcat# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo #本机回环地址
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:d9:10:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
altname enp2s1
inet 192.168.220.138/24 brd 192.168.220.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft 1630sec preferred_lft 1630sec ##### 内网地址
inet6 fe80::f6ad:1e7d:41d8:a2d5/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
link/ether 02:42:8f:1c:48:6f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0 #### docker0 地址
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:8fff:fe1c:486f/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
#测试
root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/fanwd/build/tomcat# docker run -d -P --name tomcat01 tomcat
#查看容器内部的IP addr
root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/fanwd/build/tomcat# docker exec -it tomcat01 ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
20: eth0@if21: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
#linux ping容器内部ip
fanw@fanwd-virtual-machine:~$ ping 172.17.0.2
PING 172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 比特，来自 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 时间=0.101 毫秒
64 比特，来自 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 时间=0.038 毫秒
64 比特，来自 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 时间=0.051 毫秒
64 比特，来自 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 时间=0.037 毫秒
64 比特，来自 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 时间=0.048 毫秒
#veth-pair
,是一个成对的端口,所有从这对端口一 端进入的数据包都将从另一端出来,反之也是一样.

—link

root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/fanwd/build/tomcat# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo #本机回环地址
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:d9:10:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
altname enp2s1
inet 192.168.220.138/24 brd 192.168.220.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft 1630sec preferred_lft 1630sec ##### 内网地址
inet6 fe80::f6ad:1e7d:41d8:a2d5/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
link/ether 02:42:8f:1c:48:6f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0 #### docker0 地址
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:8fff:fe1c:486f/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
#测试
root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/fanwd/build/tomcat# docker run -d -P --name tomcat01 tomcat
#查看容器内部的IP addr
root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/fanwd/build/tomcat# docker exec -it tomcat01 ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
20: eth0@if21: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
#linux ping容器内部ip
fanw@fanwd-virtual-machine:~$ ping 172.17.0.2
PING 172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 比特，来自 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 时间=0.101 毫秒
64 比特，来自 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 时间=0.038 毫秒
64 比特，来自 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 时间=0.051 毫秒
64 比特，来自 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 时间=0.037 毫秒
64 比特，来自 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 时间=0.048 毫秒
#veth-pair
,是一个成对的端口,所有从这对端口一 端进入的数据包都将从另一端出来,反之也是一样.