使用Oracle 11g新特性 Active Database Duplication 搭建Dataguard环境
Duplication Database 介绍
Duplicate database可以按照用途分为2种:
duplicate database(复制出一个数据库)
duplicate standby database(复制出一个dataguard standby数据库)
Duplicate Database又可以按照复制数据的来源不同分为2种方式：
Active Database Duplication(从正在运行的数据库上复制数据)
Backup-based duplication(基于备份集的数据复制)
Active Database Duplication 介绍
Active database duplication功能是从11g开始引入的一个新功能，它是对比以前版本中的基于备份集(Backup-based duplication)的复制数据库功能。 这种复制数据库要求源数据库是open状态或者mount状态，复制的过程一定要连接到源数据库，RMAN直接从源库复制数据库到Duplication服务器，这种方式不需要提前备份源库。
Duplicate Database 特点
1. 复制的Database会自动分配一个新的DBID，与源数据库的DBID不同，这样Duplicate数据库和源库可以注册到同一个catalog 数据库。
如果使用操作系统的命令来做异机复制恢复的话，新创建的数据库和源库是相同的DBID。
2. 复制的数据库可以是源库的一个完全镜像，也可以是源库的一个子集。
3. 复制的数据库和源库必须是相同的操作系统平台，我们认为同平台下的32-bit 和 64-bit是同一个平台，例如Linux IA (32-bit) 和Linux IA (64-bit)，认为是相同的平台，可以实施duplicate 功能，但是最后一定要运行下面的脚本来转换PL/SQL：
ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlirp.sql
Active Database Duplication 和 Backup-based duplication对比
Backup-based duplication ：需要提前备份数据库，磁盘空间大小能够满足备份的需要。
Active Database Duplication 不需要提前备份，节省了磁盘空间,减少了传输备份的时间,但在复制的过程中，对源库有一定的压力，需要一定的网络带宽
Active Database Duplication 原理
1. 手动创建一个临时的pfile文件，pfile文件至少包括一个参数DB_NAME，然后启动到nomount状态。
2. RMAN从源库拷贝spfile文件到复制数据库上，并且修改spfile的名字。
3. RMAN从源库拷贝最新的control file到复制数据库，并且mount 复制数据库。
4. RMAN从源库拷贝datafile和必要的归档日志到复制数据库。
5. RMAN执行不完全的恢复。
6. RMAN创建新的control file，并且设置新的DBID。
7. 以RESETLOGS方式打开复制的database。
以上理论知识参考自下列网址：
11g 新特性—— Active Database Duplication
使用Active Database Duplication搭建步骤
一、要点
--主库
主库开启归档
主库开启force logging
主库修改dg需要的参数
主库生成duplicate需要的控制文件
主库tns中加入备库服务名
--备库
备库生成一个包含db_name的pfile
拷贝主库的密码文件放置到备库指定位置并改名
设置监听为静态监听
拷贝主库上的tns文件到备库指定位置
使用tnsping测试主库备库之间的连通性
使用pfile启动备库到nomount状态
二、具体操作、
系统说明：
主库：
IP:172.25.21.111
Linux:RHEL6.4
DB:Oracle 11.2.0.4
SID:siebuat
备库：
IP:172.25.21.222
Linux:RHEL6.4
DB:Oracle 11.2.0.4
SID:uatldg
-----------------------------------------------主库配置-----------------------------------------------
1、查看主库是否开启归档
SYS@siebuat> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /oracle/archivelog
Oldest online log sequence 21
Next log sequence to archive 23
Current log sequence 23
2、查看主库是否开启FORCE_LOGGING
SYS@siebuat> r 1* SELECT NAME,OPEN_MODE,DATABASE_ROLE,LOG_MODE,FORCE_LOGGING FROM V$DATABASE NAME OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE LOG_MODE FORCE_ ------------------ ---------- -------------- ------------------------ ------ SIEBUAT READ WRITE PRIMARY ARCHIVELOG YES
如果未开启FORCE_LOGGING，则执行：
SYS@siebuat> ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;
3、主库修改dg需要的参数
--修改主库spfile初始化参数 alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(siebuat,uatldg )'; --log_archive_dest_1已经设置在本地，不需要再设置,只需要设置log_archive_dest_2 alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=uatldg LGWR SYNC AFFIRM valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=uatldg'; --延迟开启dest_2,等备库配置好后再enable alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2='defer'; --设置standby文件自动管理 alter system set standby_file_management=auto; alter system set fal_server='uatldg'; alter system set fal_client='siebuat';
4、主库生成duplicate控制文件需要的参数模板
SYS@siebuat> create pfile='/home/oracle/to_standby/duplicate.cmd' from spfile; File created.
5、主库TNSNAMES.ORA中加入备库服务名
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools. SIEBUAT = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.21.111)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = siebuat) ) ) UATLDG = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.21.222)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = uatldg) ) )
6、主库修改duplicate参数文件
[oracle@primary ~]$ cat duplicate.cmd
##在这里指定主库与备库存在不同的参数，可以直接通过主库生成的pfile来修改
##标红的参数行都需要存在，其他的如果主库和备库一样，可以不添加(推荐添加上)，
##如audit_trail、compatiable、db_block_size等通常都要保持一样，不需要更改
##但如果备库的服务器配置没主库高，如主库内存100G，备库只有60G，
##则必须添加sga_target,pga_aggregate_target等参数限制备库共享内存的大小，否则会报内存不足
duplicate target database for standby from active database dorecover
spfile set audit_file_dest='/oracle/admin/uatldg/adump' set audit_trail='db' set compatible='11.2.0.4.0' set control_files='/oracle/oradata/uatldg/control01.ctl','/oracle/oradata/uatldg/control02.ctl' set db_block_size='8192' set diagnostic_dest='/oracle' set dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=siebuatXDB)' set fal_client='uatldg' set fal_server='siebuat' set log_archive_config='dg_config=(siebuat,uatldg )' set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/oracle/archivelog' set log_archive_dest_2='service=siebuat LGWR valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=siebuat' set log_archive_dest_state_2='enable' set log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf' set open_cursors='300' set pga_aggregate_target='30M' set processes='200' set remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' set sga_target='300M' set standby_file_management='AUTO' set undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
##下列参数为新增的在主库中没有的，对数据文件、日志文件的路径进行转换，
##尤其在主库和备库在同一台机器上时，
##如果不指定，容易造成duplicate时把主库的在线日志文件冲掉，造成主库crash。
set db_file_name_convert='/oracle/oradata/siebuat/','/oracle/oradata/uatldg/'
set log_file_name_convert='/oracle/oradata/siebuat/','/oracle/oradata/uatldg/'
set db_unique_name='uatldg';
-----------------------------------------------备库配置-----------------------------------------------
1、拷贝主库的密码文件、tnsnames.ora文件
[oracle@primary to_standby]$ scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwsiebuat oracle@172.25.21.222:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwuatldg
oracle@172.25.21.222's password:
orapwsiebuat 100% 1536 1.5KB/s 00:00
[oracle@primary to_standby]$ scp $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora oracle@172.25.21.222:$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/
oracle@172.25.21.222's password:
tnsnames.ora 100% 511 0.5KB/s 00:00
2、设置备库监听为静态监听
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools. SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = uatldg) (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/software/11.2.0.4/db_1) (SID_NAME = uatldg) ) ) LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.21.222)(PORT = 1521)) ) ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /oracle
[oracle@standby admin]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 10-MAR-2016 13:24:32 Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.25.21.222)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date 09-MAR-2016 21:25:24 Uptime 0 days 15 hr. 59 min. 8 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /oracle/software/11.2.0.4/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /oracle/diag/tnslsnr/standby/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.25.21.222)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "uatldg" has 1 instance(s). Instance "uatldg", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully
3、使用tnsping测试主库备库之间的连通性
####备库#########################################################################
[oracle@standby admin]$ hostname standby [oracle@standby admin]$ tnsping siebuat TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 10-MAR-2016 13:29:07 Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Used parameter files: Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.21.111)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = siebuat))) OK (10 msec)
[oracle@standby admin]$ tnsping uatldg TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 10-MAR-2016 13:29:16 Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Used parameter files: Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.21.222)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = uatldg))) OK (0 msec)
[oracle@standby admin]$
####主库#######################################################################################
[oracle@primary ~]$ hostname
primary
[oracle@primary ~]$ tnsping siebuat
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 10-MAR-2016 13:30:48
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.21.111)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = siebuat)))
OK (0 msec)
[oracle@primary ~]$ tnsping uatldg
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 10-MAR-2016 13:30:57
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.21.222)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = uatldg)))
OK (0 msec)
4、备库创建一个pfile,加入db_name即可，并启动到nomount
db_name='uatldg'
5、启动备库到nomount模式
[oracle@standby dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Mar 10 13:38:54 2016 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SYS@uatldg> startup nomount ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 521936896 bytes Fixed Size 2254824 bytes Variable Size 209717272 bytes Database Buffers 306184192 bytes Redo Buffers 3780608 bytes SYS@uatldg>
duplicate操作(在主库上执行)
[oracle@primary ~]$ rman target / auxiliary sys/passoword@uatldg cmdfile=duplicate.cmd log=standby_create.log
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Mar 10 13:41:38 2016 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights
reserved. connected to target database: SIEBUAT (DBID=443676106)
connected to auxiliary database: UATLDG (not mounted)
RMAN>
Starting Duplicate Db at 10-MAR-16
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=1 device type=DISK
--复制主库密码文件 contents of Memory Script: { backup as copy reuse targetfile '/oracle/software/11.2.0.4/db_1/dbs/orapwsiebuat' auxiliary format '/oracle/software/11.2.0.4/db_1/dbs/orapwuatldg' ; } executing Memory Script Starting backup at 10-MAR-16 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=53 device type=DISK Finished backup at 10-MAR-16
--复制主库的控制文件 contents of Memory Script: { backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format '/oracle/oradata/uatldg/control01.ctl'; restore clone controlfile to '/oracle/oradata/uatldg/control02.ctl' from '/oracle/oradata/uatldg/control01.ctl'; } executing Memory Script Starting backup at 10-MAR-16 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy copying standby control file output file name=/oracle/software/11.2.0.4/db_1/dbs/snapcf_siebuat.f tag=TAG20160310T134417 RECID=3 STAMP=906126258 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 10-MAR-16
--还原控制文件到备库 Starting restore at 10-MAR-16 using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy Finished restore at 10-MAR-16
--使用还原的控制文件启动备库到mount状态 contents of Memory Script: { sql clone 'alter database mount standby database'; } executing Memory Script sql statement: alter database mount standby database
--转换主库的数据文件、临时文件、undo文件等到备库路径 contents of Memory Script: { set newname for tempfile 1 to "/oracle/oradata/uatldg/temp01.dbf"; switch clone tempfile all; set newname for datafile 1 to "/oracle/oradata/uatldg/system01.dbf"; set newname for datafile 2 to "/oracle/oradata/uatldg/sysaux01.dbf"; set newname for datafile 3 to "/oracle/oradata/uatldg/undotbs01.dbf"; set newname for datafile 4 to "/oracle/oradata/uatldg/users01.dbf"; set newname for datafile 5 to "/oracle/oradata/uatldg/example01.dbf"; backup as copy reuse datafile 1 auxiliary format "/oracle/oradata/uatldg/system01.dbf" datafile 2 auxiliary format "/oracle/oradata/uatldg/sysaux01.dbf" datafile 3 auxiliary format "/oracle/oradata/uatldg/undotbs01.dbf" datafile 4 auxiliary format "/oracle/oradata/uatldg/users01.dbf" datafile 5 auxiliary format "/oracle/oradata/uatldg/example01.dbf" ; sql 'alter system archive log current';--切换归档 } executing Memory Script executing command: SET NEWNAME renamed tempfile 1 to /oracle/oradata/uatldg/temp01.dbf in control file executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME
--进行数据文件备份并拷贝到备库 Starting backup at 10-MAR-16 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy input datafile file number=00001 name=/oracle/oradata/siebuat/system01.dbf output file name=/oracle/oradata/uatldg/system01.dbf tag=TAG20160310T134428 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy input datafile file number=00002 name=/oracle/oradata/siebuat/sysaux01.dbf output file name=/oracle/oradata/uatldg/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20160310T134428 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy input datafile file number=00005 name=/oracle/oradata/siebuat/example01.dbf output file name=/oracle/oradata/uatldg/example01.dbf tag=TAG20160310T134428 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy input datafile file number=00003 name=/oracle/oradata/siebuat/undotbs01.dbf output file name=/oracle/oradata/uatldg/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20160310T134428 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy input datafile file number=00004 name=/oracle/oradata/siebuat/users01.dbf output file name=/oracle/oradata/uatldg/users01.dbf tag=TAG20160310T134428 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 10-MAR-16 sql statement: alter system archive log current contents of Memory Script: { switch clone datafile all; } executing Memory Script datafile 1 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=906126342 file name=/oracle/oradata/uatldg/system01.dbf datafile 2 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=906126342 file name=/oracle/oradata/uatldg/sysaux01.dbf datafile 3 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=906126342 file name=/oracle/oradata/uatldg/undotbs01.dbf datafile 4 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=906126342 file name=/oracle/oradata/uatldg/users01.dbf datafile 5 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=906126342 file name=/oracle/oradata/uatldg/example01.dbf Finished Duplicate Db at 10-MAR-16 --duplicate standby database完成 RMAN>
Dataguard操作
查看主备库信息
--主库
SYS@siebuat> l 1* select switchover_status,DATABASE_ROLE,open_mode,PROTECTION_MODE,PROTECTION_LEVEL from v$database SYS@siebuat> / SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL -------------------- --------------- ---------- ------------------------- ------------------------- TO STANDBY PRIMARY READ WRITE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
--备库
SYS@uatldg> l 1* select switchover_status,DATABASE_ROLE,open_mode,PROTECTION_MODE,PROTECTION_LEVEL from v$database SYS@uatldg> / SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ------------------------- ------------------------- RECOVERY NEEDED PHYSICAL STANDBY MOUNTED MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
--开启备库日志应用 SYS@uatldg> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session; Database altered. SYS@uatldg> select switchover_status,DATABASE_ROLE,open_mode,PROTECTION_MODE,PROTECTION_LEVEL from v$database; SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ------------------------- ------------------------- NOT ALLOWED PHYSICAL STANDBY MOUNTED MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
--查看是否存在gap
SYS@uatldg> select thread#,low_sequence#,high_sequence# from v$archive_gap;
no rows selected
--开启备库到ADG模式
SYS@uatldg> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
Database altered.
SYS@uatldg> alter database open read only;
Database altered.
SYS@uatldg> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered.
SYS@uatldg> select switchover_status,DATABASE_ROLE,open_mode,PROTECTION_MODE,PROTECTION_LEVEL from v$database;
SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL
-------------------- -------------------- ---------- ------------------------- -------------------------
NOT ALLOWED PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
WITH APPLY
SYS@uatldg>
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