接上一篇《基于.NET技术的监控系统应用分析》中所描述的数据通信协议设计,我们来看一下在C#中是怎么对自定义协议进行封包的?我们知道基于流的数据协议的特点:发送和接收到的数据都是连续的流。每次网络I/O操作的流长度不确定,也就是无法知道每次接收到的数据是一个完整的数据包。同样,主机发送一个数据包也会根据网络的实际情况执行若干次。所以我们对这类消息的编解码过程需要进行一个统一的封装。
重新回顾一下每个消息的结构:消息头 + 消息体。每次先发送出去的是消息头,然后是消息体。消息头里描述了这个数据包的类型,长度,序列号等信息。消息头的长度是固定的,消息体的长度是根据每个消息类型会有所的区别。
消息头的定义:
| 字段 | 长度(字节) | 类型 | 说明 |
| Length | 4 | Int | 消息的总长度(字节) |
| Command ID | 4 | Int | 命令ID |
| NodeID | 4 | Int | 结点ID |
| TimeID | 4 | Int | 时间戳 |
| SequenceID | 4 | Int | 递增序列号 |
对应的封装代码:
1
using System;2
using MonitorLib.Utility;3
4
namespace MonitorLib.Protocol5


{6

/**//// <summary>7
/// 消息头8
/// </summary>9
[Serializable]10
public class Head 11

{ 12
private byte[] initValue = new byte[Head.HeaderLength];13
14
public Head(Command CommandID) 15

{ 16
Converter.IntToBytes((uint)CommandID).CopyTo(initValue, 4);17
}18
19
public Head(byte[] bs) 20

{21
uint length = Head.HeaderLength ;22

23
for (int i = 0;i < length;i++)24

{25
initValue[i]=bs[i];26
} 27
} 28

29

30
public Head(byte[] bs,int baseIndex) 31

{32
uint length = Head.HeaderLength ;33

34
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)35

{36
initValue[i]=bs[baseIndex+i];37
} 38
} 39
40

/**//// <summary>41
/// 消息的整个长度42
/// </summary>43
public uint Length 44

{45
get46

{47
return (Converter.BytesToUInt(initValue,0)); 48
}49
set50

{51
byte[] byt = Converter.IntToBytes(value);52
for (int i = 0;i < 4;i++)53

{54
initValue[i]= byt[i];55
}56
}57
}58
59

/**//// <summary>60
/// 命令类型61
/// </summary>62
public uint CommandID63

{64
get65

{66
return (Converter.BytesToUInt(initValue, 4));67
}68
set69

{70
byte[] t=Converter.IntToBytes(value);71
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)72

{73
initValue[i + 4] = t[i];74
}75
}76
}77
78

/**//// <summary>79
/// 源结点号80
/// </summary>81
public uint NodeID82

{83
get84

{ 85
return (Converter.BytesToUInt(initValue, 8));86
}87
set88

{89
byte[] t = Converter.IntToBytes(value);90
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)91

{92
initValue[i + 8] = t[i];93
}94
}95
}96

97

/**//// <summary>98
/// 时间戳99
/// </summary>100
public uint TimeID101

{102
get103

{ 104
return (Converter.BytesToUInt(initValue,12));105
}106
set107

{108
byte[] t = Converter.IntToBytes(value);109
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)110

{111
initValue[i + 12] = t[i];112
}113
}114
}115

116

/**//// <summary>117
/// 序列号118
/// </summary>119
public uint SequenceID120

{121
get122

{ 123
return (Converter.BytesToUInt(initValue,16));124
}125
set126

{127
byte[] t = Converter.IntToBytes(value);128
for (int i = 0;i < 4;i++)129

{130
initValue[i + 16] = t[i];131
}132
}133
}134
135
136

/**//// <summary>137
/// 输出字节流138
/// </summary>139
/// <returns></returns>140
public byte[] ToBytes()141

{142
return initValue;143
}144
145

/**//// <summary>146
/// 从字节流中转换147
/// </summary>148
/// <param name="bs"></param>149
public void FromBytes(byte[] bs)150

{151
for (int i = 0; i < Head.HeaderLength; i++)152

{153
initValue[i] = bs[i];154
} 155
}156
157

/**//// <summary>158
/// 消息头的长度159
/// </summary>160
public static uint HeaderLength161

{162
get163

{164
return (4 + 4 + 12);165
}166
}167
}168
}169

using System;
using MonitorLib.Utility;
namespace MonitorLib.Protocol

{
/**//// <summary>
/// Sequence 的摘要说明。
/// </summary>
[Serializable]
public class Sequence
{
private uint node;
private uint time;
private uint sequence ;
public Sequence()
{
}
public uint Node
{
get
{ return this.node; }
set
{ this.node = value ;}
}
public uint Time
{
get
{ return this.time ; }
set
{ this.time = value; }
}
public uint Value
{
get
{ return sequence;}
set
{this.sequence = value;}
}
public ulong ToUInt64()
{
string temp = String.Format("{0}{1}{2}",Node, Time, Value);
return Convert.ToUInt64(temp);
}
}
public class Seed
{
private uint sequence = uint.MinValue;
public uint GetSequence()
{
lock (this)
{
return this.sequence >= 90000 ? uint.MinValue : this.sequence++;
}
}
public uint GetTimeStamp()
{
lock (this)
{
return Convert.ToUInt32( DateTime.Now.ToString("MMddHHmmss") );
}
}
}
}
上面只是一个消息头,要成为一个完整的消息,一般还必须包含消息体(当然你也可以根据需要仅发送一个消息头的数据,作为特殊用途,例如自定义的心跳包)。举个例子:客户机与服务器连接上后,它通常会发送一个绑定(Bind) 消息给服务器端。例如:验证确认客户端的合法性。那么此时的Bind消息的格式是:
| 字段 | 长度(字节) | 类型 | 说明 |
| HEAD | | | 上面的消息头部 |
| loginName | 16 | string | 用户名(固定16位,不足用空格填充) |
| LoginPassword | 16 | string | 密码(固定16位,不足用空格填充) |
对应的封装代码:
using System;
using MonitorLib.Utility;
namespace MonitorLib.Protocol

{
/**//// <summary>
/// AbstractBase 的摘要说明。
/// </summary>
[Serializable]
public abstract class AbstractBase
{
protected byte[] initValue;
public Head header;
public AbstractBase()
{
}
public virtual byte[] ToBytes()
{
return null;
}
}
}
using System;
using System.IO;
namespace MonitorLib.Utility
{
/// <summary>
///消息命令常量
/// </summary>
public enum Command : uint
{
/// <summary>
/// 对客户端验证
/// </summary>
MOT_BIND = 0x1,
/// <summary>
/// 服务端返回验证请求
/// </summary>
MOT_BIND_RESP = 0x80000001,
/// <summary>
/// 断开连接
/// </summary>
MOT_UNBIND =0x2,
/// <summary>
/// 返回断开连接状态
/// </summary>
MOT_UNBIND_RESP=0x80000002,
/// <summary>
/// 上行提交内容
/// </summary>
MOT_SUBMIT = 0x3,
/// <summary>
/// submit 应答
/// </summary>
MOT_SUBMIT_RESP = 0x80000003,
/// <summary>
/// 设置命令
/// </summary>
MOT_REQUEST = 0x4,
MOT_REQUEST_RESP = 0x80000004,
/// <summary>
/// 连接命令
/// </summary>
MOT_CONNECT = 0x5,
MOT_CONNECT_RESP = 0x80000005,
/// <summary>
/// 更新程序命令
/// </summary>
MOT_UPDATE = 0x6,
MOT_UPDATE_RESP = 0x80000006,
/// <summary>
/// 返回结点的数据参数
/// </summary>
MOT_RESPONSE_PARAM = 0x7,
MOT_CLIENTINFO = 0x8,
MOT_CLIENTINFO_RESP = 0x80000008
}
/// <summary>
/// 错误定义
/// </summary>
public enum ErrorDefine : int
{
/// <summary>
///无错误,命令正确接收
/// </summary>
NO_ERROR = 0,
/// <summary>
/// 非法登录,如登录名、口令出错、登录名与口令不符等
/// </summary>
ILLEAGE_LOGIN = 1,
/// <summary>
/// 重复登录,如在同一TCP/IP连接中连续两次以上请求登录。
/// </summary>
REPEAT_LOGIN =2,
/// <summary>
/// 连接过多,指单个节点要求同时建立的连接数过多。
/// </summary>
MORE_CONNECT = 3,
/// <summary>
/// 不知道的用户
/// </summary>
UNKNOW_USER = 29,
/// <summary>
/// 不提供此功能
/// </summary>
UNSUPPORT_FUNCTION = 30,
/// <summary>
/// 系统失败
/// </summary>
SYSTEM_FAIL = 32,
}
/// <summary>
/// 字节 整形 转换类 网络格式转换为内存格式
/// </summary>
public class Converter
{
/// <summary>
/// 转换整形数据网络次序的字节数组
/// </summary>
/// <param name="i"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static byte[] IntToBytes(uint i)
{
byte[] t = BitConverter.GetBytes(i) ;
byte b = t[0];
t[0] = t[3];
t[3] = b;
b = t[1];
t[1] = t[2];
t[2] = b;
return (t);
}
public static byte[] IntToBytes(uint source,int number)
{
byte[] t = new byte[number];
t = BitConverter.GetBytes(source);
byte temp;
for (int i = t.Length-1; i > t.Length/2; i--)
{
temp = t[i];
t[i] = t[t.Length-1-i];
t[t.Length-1-i] = temp;
}
return (t);
}
/// <summary>
/// 返回字节数组代表的整数数字,4个数组
/// </summary>
/// <param name="bs"></param>
/// <param name="startIndex"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static uint BytesToUInt(byte[] bs,int startIndex)
{
byte[] t=new byte[4];
for (int i = 0; i < 4 && i < bs.Length-startIndex; i++)
{
t[i]=bs[startIndex+i];
}
byte b=t[0];
t[0]=t[3];
t[3]=b;
b=t[1];
t[1]=t[2];
t[2]=b;
return BitConverter.ToUInt32(t,0);
}
public static uint BytesToUInt(byte[] b,int startIndex,int number)
{
byte[] t = new Byte[number];
for (int i = 0; i < number && i < b.Length-startIndex; i++)
{
t[i] = b[startIndex+i];
}
byte temp;
for (int i = t.Length-1; i > t.Length/2; i--)
{
temp = t[i];
t[i]=t[t.Length-1-i];
t[i] = temp;
}
return (BitConverter.ToUInt32(t,0));
}
/// <summary>
/// 没有指定起始索引
/// </summary>
/// <param name="bs"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static uint BytesToUInt(byte[] bs)
{
return (BytesToUInt(bs,0));
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 缓冲区对象
/// </summary>
public class BufferObject
{
private byte[] buffer = null;
private int length = 0;
public BufferObject(byte[] bytes, int len)
{
if (buffer != null)
{
buffer = null;
GC.Collect();
}
length = len;
buffer = new byte[len];
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
buffer[i] = bytes[i];
}
}
public byte[] Buffer
{
get { return buffer;}
}
public int Length
{
get { return length; }
}
}
}
}
using System;
using System.Text;
using MonitorLib.Utility;
namespace MonitorLib.Protocol

{
/**//// <summary>
/// Bind消息
/// </summary>
[Serializable]
public class Bind : AbstractBase
{
private string loginName;
private string loginPassword;

/**//// <summary>
/// 初始Bind命令的消息头
/// </summary>
/// <param name="Sequence">序列号</param>
public Bind(Sequence seq)
{
header = new Head(Command.MOT_BIND);
header.NodeID = seq.Node;
header.TimeID = seq.Time ;
header.SequenceID = seq.Value ;
header.Length = Head.HeaderLength + 16 + 16;
}
public Bind(byte[] receive)
{
initValue = new byte[receive.Length];
receive.CopyTo(initValue,0);
}

/**//// <summary>
/// 登录名
/// </summary>
public string LoginName 
{
get
{
return Encoding.ASCII.GetString(initValue,20,16);
}
set
{
loginName = value;
}
}

/**//// <summary>
/// 密码
/// </summary>
public string LoginPassword
{
get
{
return Encoding.ASCII.GetString(initValue,36,16);
}
set
{
loginPassword = value;
}
}

/**//// <summary>
/// 把消息结构转换成字节数组
/// </summary>
/// <returns>结果字节数组</returns>
public override byte[] ToBytes()
{
byte[] retValue = new byte[this.header.Length];
uint index = 0;
//填充消息头
header.ToBytes().CopyTo(retValue,index);
index += Head.HeaderLength;
Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(loginName).CopyTo(retValue,index);
//移位16位, 填充密码
index += 16;
Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(loginPassword).CopyTo(retValue,index);
return retValue;
}
}


/**//// <summary>
/// Bind应答结构
/// </summary>
[Serializable]
public class Bind_Resp : AbstractBase
{
private uint result;

/**//// <summary>
/// 构造函数,把接收的字节数组复制到initValue
/// </summary>
/// <param name="recBytes">从网络上接收到的字节数组</param>
public Bind_Resp(byte[] receive)
{
initValue = new byte[receive.Length];
receive.CopyTo(initValue,0);
}
public Bind_Resp(Sequence seq)
{
header = new Head(Command.MOT_BIND_RESP);
header.NodeID = seq.Node;
header.TimeID = seq.Time ;
header.SequenceID = seq.Value ;
header.Length = Head.HeaderLength + 4;
}

/**//// <summary>
/// bind 执行命令是否成功,0-成功。其它:错误码。
/// </summary>
public uint Result
{
get
{
return Convert.ToUInt32(initValue[20].ToString());
}
set
{
result = value;
}
}
public override byte[] ToBytes()
{
byte[] retValue = new byte[header.Length];
header.ToBytes().CopyTo(retValue,0);
BitConverter.GetBytes(result).CopyTo(retValue,20);
return retValue;
}
}
}
除了这种协议封装方法外,还有一种直接利用 .NET 的字节流操作类来编解码,例如 ICMP 协议的封包代码:
1
public class ICMPHDR 2

{ 3
private byte mType; 4
public byte Type 5

{ 6

get
{ return mType; } 7

set
{ mType = value; } 8
}9

10
private byte mCode = 0; 11
public byte Code 12

{ 13

get
{ return mCode; } 14

set
{ mCode = value; } 15
}16

17
private ushort mChecksum = 0; 18
public ushort Checksum 19

{ 20

get
{ return mChecksum; } 21

set
{ mChecksum = value; } 22
}23

24
private ushort mID; 25
public ushort ID 26

{ 27

get
{ return mID; } 28

set
{ mID = value; } 29
}30
31
private ushort mSeq;32
public ushort Seq 33

{ 34

get
{ return mSeq; } 35

set
{ mSeq = value; } 36
}37
38
private ulong mtmSend;39
public ulong tmSend 40

{ 41

get
{ return mtmSend; } 42

set
{ mtmSend = value; } 43
} 44

45
private int mnTaskId; 46
public int nTaskId 47

{ 48

get
{ return mnTaskId; } 49

set
{ mnTaskId = value; } 50
}51

52
public void Encode(BinaryWriter writer) 53

{ 54
writer.Write(Type); 55
writer.Write(Code); 56
writer.Write((UInt16)Checksum); 57
writer.Write((UInt16)ID); 58
writer.Write((UInt16)Seq); 59
writer.Write((UInt32)tmSend); 60
writer.Write(nTaskId); 61
} 62

63
public void Decode(BinaryReader reader) 64

{ 65
Type = reader.ReadByte(); 66
Code = reader.ReadByte(); 67
Checksum = reader.ReadUInt16(); 68
ID = reader.ReadUInt16(); 69
Seq = reader.ReadUInt16(); 70
tmSend = reader.ReadUInt32(); 71
nTaskId = reader.ReadInt32(); 72
} 73

74
public uint Sum() 75

{ 76
uint sum = 0; 77
sum += (ushort)(Type + (Code << 8)); 78
sum += (ushort)ID; 79
sum += (ushort)Seq; 80
sum += (ushort)tmSend; 81
sum += (ushort)(tmSend >> 16); 82
sum += (ushort)nTaskId; 83
sum += (ushort)(nTaskId >> 16); 84
return sum; 85
} 86
} 以上介绍了用C#是如何对自定义的通信协议封装的过程。 如有不同的处理方法的朋友,欢迎评论,一起探讨一下。

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