经典iOS第三方库源码分析 - YYModel

YYModel介绍

YYModel是一个针对iOS/OSX平台的高性能的Model解析库,是属于YYKit的一个组件,创建是ibireme

其实在YYModel出现之前,已经有非常多的Model解析库,例如JSONModelMantleMJExtension

YYModel从易用性和性能方面均达到了最高水平。

性能

 
Model解析库对比

特性

  • High performance: The conversion performance is close to handwriting code.
  • Automatic type conversion: The object types can be automatically converted.
  • Type Safe: All data types will be verified to ensure type-safe during the conversion process.
  • Non-intrusive: There is no need to make the model class inherit from other base class.
  • Lightwight: This library contains only 5 files.
  • Docs and unit testing: 100% docs coverage, 99.6% code coverage.

YYModel使用

简单Model和JSON转换

// JSON:
{
    "uid":123456,
    "name":"Harry",
    "created":"1965-07-31T00:00:00+0000"
}

// Model:
@interface User : NSObject
@property UInt64 uid;
@property NSString *name;
@property NSDate *created;
@end
@implementation User
@end

// Convert json to model:
User *user = [User yy_modelWithJSON:json];
    
// Convert model to json:
NSDictionary *json = [user yy_modelToJSONObject];

内嵌Model

// JSON
{
    "author":{
        "name":"J.K.Rowling",
        "birthday":"1965-07-31T00:00:00+0000"
    },
    "name":"Harry Potter",
    "pages":256
}

// Model: (no need to do anything)
@interface Author : NSObject
@property NSString *name;
@property NSDate *birthday;
@end
@implementation Author
@end
    
@interface Book : NSObject
@property NSString *name;
@property NSUInteger pages;
@property Author *author;
@end
@implementation Book
@end

集合类型 - Array、Set

@class Shadow, Border, Attachment;

@interface Attributes
@property NSString *name;
@property NSArray *shadows; //Array<Shadow>
@property NSSet *borders; //Set<Border>
@property NSMutableDictionary *attachments; //Dict<NSString,Attachment>
@end

@implementation Attributes
+ (NSDictionary *)modelContainerPropertyGenericClass {
    // value should be Class or Class name.
    return @{@"shadows" : [Shadow class],
             @"borders" : Border.class,
             @"attachments" : @"Attachment" };
}
@end

YYModel代码结构

YYModel整个项目非常简洁,只有5个文件。

文件描述
NSObject+YYModel YYModel对于NSObject的扩展
YYClassInfo 类信息
YYModel.h YYModel的头文件

详细分析

以一个例子来分析,外部是Book对象,内部有一个Author对象。

    NSString *json = @"{ \
    \"author\":{ \
        \"name\":\"J.K.Rowling\", \
        \"birthday\":\"1965-07-31T00:00:00+0000\" \
    }, \
    \"name\":\"Harry Potter\", \
    \"pages\":256 \
    }";
    
    Book *book = [Book yy_modelWithJSON:json];

yy_modelWithJSON

入口从[NSObject yy_modelWithJSON]进入

+ (instancetype)yy_modelWithJSON:(id)json {
    NSDictionary *dic = [self _yy_dictionaryWithJSON:json];
    return [self yy_modelWithDictionary:dic];
}

_yy_dictionaryWithJSON:将JSON的数据(String或者NSData)转换成NSDictionary,主要使用系统方法[NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:jsonData options:kNilOptions error:NULL];

yy_modelWithDictionary

+ (instancetype)yy_modelWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionary {
    ...
    Class cls = [self class];
    _YYModelMeta *modelMeta = [_YYModelMeta metaWithClass:cls];
    if (modelMeta->_hasCustomClassFromDictionary) {
        cls = [cls modelCustomClassForDictionary:dictionary] ?: cls;
    }
    
    NSObject *one = [cls new];
    if ([one yy_modelSetWithDictionary:dictionary]) return one;
    return nil;
}

modelCustomClassForDictionary - Model类可以重载这个方法,将JSON转换成另外一个Model类
后续处理都放在了yy_modelSetWithDictionary这个方法

yy_modelSetWithDictionary

首先根据Class信息构造出_YYModelMeta

_YYModelMeta *modelMeta = [_YYModelMeta metaWithClass:object_getClass(self)];

_YYModelMeta中包含如下属性:

  • YYClassInfo *_classInfo:类信息,例如class、superclass、ivarInfo、methodInfos、propertyInfos
  • NSDictionary *_mapper:属性key和对应的_YYModelPropertyMeta
{
    author = "<_YYModelPropertyMeta: 0x6080000f5c00>";
    name = "<_YYModelPropertyMeta: 0x6080000f5b00>";
    pages = "<_YYModelPropertyMeta: 0x6080000f5b80>";
}

看下Name里面对应的_YYModelPropertyMeta的内容:

 

 
_YYModelPropertyMeta
* _name: 对应的是property的名字
* _nsType:对应property的类型
* _getter:getter方法
* _setter:setter方法
  • NSArray *_allPropertyMetas:所有的_YYModelPropertyMeta
  • NSArray *_keyPathPropertyMetas:Array<_YYModelPropertyMeta>, property meta which is mapped to a key path
  • NSArray *_multiKeysPropertyMetas:Array<_YYModelPropertyMeta>, property meta which is mapped to multi keys.

数据填充

    if (modelMeta->_keyMappedCount >= CFDictionaryGetCount((CFDictionaryRef)dic)) {
        CFDictionaryApplyFunction((CFDictionaryRef)dic, ModelSetWithDictionaryFunction, &context);
        if (modelMeta->_keyPathPropertyMetas) {
            CFArrayApplyFunction((CFArrayRef)modelMeta->_keyPathPropertyMetas,
                                 CFRangeMake(0, CFArrayGetCount((CFArrayRef)modelMeta->_keyPathPropertyMetas)),
                                 ModelSetWithPropertyMetaArrayFunction,
                                 &context);
        }
        if (modelMeta->_multiKeysPropertyMetas) {
            CFArrayApplyFunction((CFArrayRef)modelMeta->_multiKeysPropertyMetas,
                                 CFRangeMake(0, CFArrayGetCount((CFArrayRef)modelMeta->_multiKeysPropertyMetas)),
                                 ModelSetWithPropertyMetaArrayFunction,
                                 &context);
        }
    } else {
        CFArrayApplyFunction((CFArrayRef)modelMeta->_allPropertyMetas,
                             CFRangeMake(0, modelMeta->_keyMappedCount),
                             ModelSetWithPropertyMetaArrayFunction,
                             &context);
    }

CFDictionaryApplyFunction/CFArrayApplyFunction:针对NSDictionary和NSArray的每一个值,执行一个方法。Context作为方法中一个参数,带入了Model的信息。

Context数据结构如下:

typedef struct {
    void *modelMeta;  ///< _YYModelMeta
    void *model;      ///< id (self)
    void *dictionary; ///< NSDictionary (json)
} ModelSetContext;

ModelSetWithDictionaryFunction

static void ModelSetWithDictionaryFunction(const void *_key, const void *_value, void *_context) {
    ModelSetContext *context = _context;
    __unsafe_unretained _YYModelMeta *meta = (__bridge _YYModelMeta *)(context->modelMeta);
    __unsafe_unretained _YYModelPropertyMeta *propertyMeta = [meta->_mapper objectForKey:(__bridge id)(_key)];
    __unsafe_unretained id model = (__bridge id)(context->model);
    while (propertyMeta) {
        if (propertyMeta->_setter) {
            ModelSetValueForProperty(model, (__bridge __unsafe_unretained id)_value, propertyMeta);
        }
        propertyMeta = propertyMeta->_next;
    };
}

这个方法是将Dictionary的数据填充到Model的核心过程。
通过Context获取meta(Model的类信息),通过meta获取当前Key的propertyMeta(属性信息),递归调用ModealSetValueForProperty填充model里面对应Key的Property。

ModelSetValueForProperty

这个方法会将数据填充到Model对应的Property中。

对于普通数据类型的数据填充,大体如下:

switch (meta->_nsType) {
                case YYEncodingTypeNSString:
                case YYEncodingTypeNSMutableString: {
                    if ([value isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]) {
                        if (meta->_nsType == YYEncodingTypeNSString) {
                            ((void (*)(id, SEL, id))(void *) objc_msgSend)((id)model, meta->_setter, value);
                        } else {
                            ((void (*)(id, SEL, id))(void *) objc_msgSend)((id)model, meta->_setter, ((NSString *)value).mutableCopy);
                        }
                    }

对于内嵌的对象属性,处理如下:
Value通常是一个NSDicationary,如果有getter方法,获取这个property的对象,如果为nill则创建一个实例,再通过[one yy_modelSetWithDictionary:value],填充这个property对象。

            case YYEncodingTypeObject: {
                ...
                else if ([value isKindOfClass:[NSDictionary class]]) {
                    NSObject *one = nil;
                    if (meta->_getter) {
                        one = ((id (*)(id, SEL))(void *) objc_msgSend)((id)model, meta->_getter);
                    }
                    if (one) {
                        [one yy_modelSetWithDictionary:value];
                    } else {
                        Class cls = meta->_cls;
                        if (meta->_hasCustomClassFromDictionary) {
                            cls = [cls modelCustomClassForDictionary:value];
                            if (!cls) cls = meta->_genericCls; // for xcode code coverage
                        }
                        one = [cls new];
                        [one yy_modelSetWithDictionary:value];
                        ((void (*)(id, SEL, id))(void *) objc_msgSend)((id)model, meta->_setter, (id)one);
                    }
                }
            } break;

最佳实践

force_inline

在YYModel实现中大量使用force_inline关键词来修饰方法,inline的作用可以参考Wikipedia: Inline Function。Inline Function会在编译阶段将方法实现直接拷贝到调用处,减少方法参数传递和查找,可以提高运行效率。

YYMode的使用方法如下:

#define force_inline __inline__ __attribute__((always_inline))

static force_inline YYEncodingNSType YYClassGetNSType(Class cls) {
    ...
}

一次性初始化

对于一次性初始化的代码尽量放在dispatch_once block中,保证只会初始化一次。

static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
    cache = CFDictionaryCreateMutable(CFAllocatorGetDefault(), 0, &kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks, &kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks);
    lock = dispatch_semaphore_create(1);
});

Lock

通过Lock来保证多线程执行的一致性

static dispatch_semaphore_t lock;
dispatch_semaphore_wait(lock, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
// do something
dispatch_semaphore_signal(lock);

缓存的实现

通过CFDictionaryCreateMutable实现了一个简易的文件缓存,注意在读取和写入缓存的时候都使用了Lock来保证多线程一致性。

+ (instancetype)metaWithClass:(Class)cls {
    if (!cls) return nil;
    static CFMutableDictionaryRef cache;
    static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
    static dispatch_semaphore_t lock;
    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        cache = CFDictionaryCreateMutable(CFAllocatorGetDefault(), 0, &kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks, &kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks);
        lock = dispatch_semaphore_create(1);
    });
    dispatch_semaphore_wait(lock, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
    _YYModelMeta *meta = CFDictionaryGetValue(cache, (__bridge const void *)(cls));
    dispatch_semaphore_signal(lock);
    if (!meta || meta->_classInfo.needUpdate) {
        meta = [[_YYModelMeta alloc] initWithClass:cls];
        if (meta) {
            dispatch_semaphore_wait(lock, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
            CFDictionarySetValue(cache, (__bridge const void *)(cls), (__bridge const void *)(meta));
            dispatch_semaphore_signal(lock);
        }
    }
    return meta;
}

总结

YYModel是一个非常简洁、高性能的Model解析库,作者使用了大量的runtime方式解析class内部信息,使用了inline、缓存、Lock等方式提高了性能和安全性。
多读经典的开源库,理解作者的实现方式,对于提高iOS设计和编程能力有很大的帮助。

posted @ 2018-04-24 11:46  奶爸码农  阅读(1651)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报