目录
目录................................................................................................................................. 2
内容提要........................................................................................................................ 13
前言............................................................................................................................... 13
从系统集成到系统整合............................................................................................ 13
消息驱动和消息触发............................................................................................... 15
记号约定................................................................................................................. 15
第 1 章 概念与原理........................................................................................................ 16
1.1 简介.......................................................................................................... 16
1.1.1 消息中间件........................................................................................ 16
1.1.2 WebSphere MQ ................................................................................... 17
1.1.3 WebSphere MQ 产品.......................................................................... 17
1.2 概念与对象....................................................................................................... 19
1.2.1 消息 (Message) .................................................................................. 19
1.2.2 队列 (Queue) ..................................................................................... 20
1.2.3 队列管理器 (Queue Manager).............................................................. 23
1.2.4 通道 (Channel) ................................................................................... 24
1.2.5 名称列表 (Name List)......................................................................... 26
1.2.6 分发列表 (Distribution List) ................................................................ 26
1.2.7 进程定义 (Process)............................................................................. 27
1.2.8 认证信息 (Auth Info) .......................................................................... 27
1.2.9 客户端和服务器端 (Client & Server) ................................................... 27
1.2.10 操作界面 (MQ Interface)..................................................................... 27
1.2.11 应用程序 (MQ Application) ................................................................. 28
1.3 工作原理................................................................................................... 28
1.3.1 PUT 和 GET ....................................................................................... 28
1.3.2 协同工作............................................................................................ 29
1.3.3 互连通信............................................................................................ 29
第 2 章 安装.................................................................................................................. 31
2.1 安装环境................................................................................................... 32
2.1.1 硬件................................................................................................... 32
2.1.2 操作系统............................................................................................ 32
2.1.3 通信协议............................................................................................ 33
2.2 安装介质................................................................................................... 33
2.2.1 正版................................................................................................... 33
2.2.2 试用版............................................................................................... 33
2.3 安装过程................................................................................................... 33
2.4 缺省配置................................................................................................... 36
2.4.1 准备 WebSphere MQ 向导................................................................... 36
2.4.2 远程管理向导..................................................................................... 37
2.4.3 缺省配置向导..................................................................................... 38
2.5 安装补丁................................................................................................... 40
2.6 其它平台................................................................................................... 40
2.6.1 AIX ................................................................................................... 40
2.6.2 HP-UX ............................................................................................... 41
2.6.3 Solaris ................................................................................................ 43
2.6.4 Linux ................................................................................................. 45
2.7 安装目录................................................................................................... 46
2.7.1 Windows ............................................................................................ 47
2.7.2 AIX ................................................................................................... 47
2.8 安装文档................................................................................................... 48
第 3 章 控制与管理........................................................................................................ 48
3.1 MQ 控制命令............................................................................................ 49
3.1.1 MQ 队列管理器控制........................................................................... 49
3.1.2 MQ 命令服务器控制........................................................................... 51
3.1.3 MQ 监听器控制.................................................................................. 52
3.1.4 MQ 触发监控器控制........................................................................... 54
3.1.5 小结................................................................................................... 55
3.2 MQ 对象管理............................................................................................ 55
3.2.1 队列管理器管理................................................................................. 57
3.2.2 队列管理............................................................................................ 57
3.2.3 通道管理............................................................................................ 58
3.2.4 进程定义管理..................................................................................... 60
3.2.5 名称列表管理..................................................................................... 60
3.2.6 认证信息管理..................................................................................... 61
3.2.7 小结................................................................................................... 61
3.3 基本队列操作............................................................................................ 62
3.4 MQ 配置信息............................................................................................ 63
3.4.1 UNIX 配置文件.................................................................................. 63
3.4.2 Windows 注册表................................................................................. 64
3.4.3 Windows 中MQ 运行环境配置............................................................ 65
3.4.4 Windows 中MQ 队列管理器配置........................................................ 66
3.5 MQ 管理方式............................................................................................ 67
3.5.1 本地管理............................................................................................ 68
3.5.2 远程管理............................................................................................ 69
3.6 日志 (Log)................................................................................................ 72
3.6.1 队列管理器日志................................................................................. 72
3.6.2 检查点 (Checkpoint) ........................................................................... 74
3.6.3 记录和复原 (Record & Recover) .......................................................... 75
3.6.4 备份和恢复 (Backup & Restore) .......................................................... 76
3.6.5 导出日志 (Dump Log) ........................................................................ 77
第 4 章 通信与配置........................................................................................................ 77
4.1 消息路由................................................................................................... 77
4.4.1 消息路由过程..................................................................................... 78
4.4.2 缺省传输队列..................................................................................... 78
4.4.3 队列管理器别名................................................................................. 78
4.4.4 多级跳............................................................................................... 79
4.4.5 传输中的消息..................................................................................... 79
4.2 通道配置................................................................................................... 81
4.2.1 Sender (QM1) -- Receiver (QM2) .......................................................... 81
4.2.2 Server (QM1) -- Receiver (QM2)........................................................... 82
4.2.3 Server (QM1) -- Requester (QM2) ......................................................... 83
4.2.4 Sender (QM1) -- Requester (QM2)......................................................... 84
4.2.5 通道启动命令..................................................................................... 85
4.2.6 通道监控程序..................................................................................... 85
4.3 通道的属性............................................................................................... 86
4.3.1 通道会话............................................................................................ 87
4.3.2 通道协议............................................................................................ 89
4.4 通道的状态............................................................................................... 91
4.4.1 公共状态 (Common Status) ................................................................. 91
4.4.2 当前状态 (Current-Only Status) ........................................................... 92
4.4.3 通道状态分析..................................................................................... 93
4.5 互连配置举例............................................................................................ 95
4.5.1 单向传送............................................................................................ 95
4.5.2 双向传送............................................................................................ 96
4.5.3 队列与队列管理器别名....................................................................... 97
4.5.4 三级跳 (Multi-hopping) ....................................................................... 98
4.5.5 四级跳 (Multi-hopping) ......................................................................100
第 5 章 应用设计..........................................................................................................102
5.1 架构设计..................................................................................................102
5.1.1 两点间通信.......................................................................................102
5.1.2 多点间通信.......................................................................................103
5.1.3 同步和异步.......................................................................................103
5.1.4 Client/Server ......................................................................................104
5.1.5 Internet 通信......................................................................................105
5.2 通信方式设计...........................................................................................106
5.2.1 进程间会话模式................................................................................106
5.2.2 系统间通信方式................................................................................107
5.3 并发设计..................................................................................................108
5.3.1 多读多写...........................................................................................108
5.3.2 共享与独占.......................................................................................108
5.3.3 对象绑定...........................................................................................109
5.3.4 队列管理器关闭................................................................................109
5.3.5 分发列表 (Distribution List) ...............................................................109
5.4 消息设计.................................................................................................. 110
5.4.1 消息大小 (Message Size) ................................................................... 110
5.4.2 消息持久性 (Persistence) ................................................................... 111
5.4.3 消息优先级 (Priority) ........................................................................ 112
5.4.4 消息超时 (Expiry) ............................................................................. 113
5.5 发送设计.................................................................................................. 113
5.5.1 消息标识........................................................................................... 113
5.5.2 消息类型........................................................................................... 114
5.5.3 消息格式........................................................................................... 114
5.5.4 应答队列........................................................................................... 115
5.5.5 动态队列........................................................................................... 116
5.5.6 用户替换........................................................................................... 118
5.6 读取设计.................................................................................................. 118
5.6.1 等待读取 (Wait & NoWait)................................................................. 118
5.6.2 信号中断 (Signal) .............................................................................. 118
5.6.3 截断消息 (Truncated Message) ........................................................... 119
5.6.4 浏览消息 (Browse) ............................................................................ 119
5.6.5 格式转换 (Convert) ...........................................................................120
5.6.6 消息匹配 (Match)..............................................................................120
5.6.7 回滚计数 (Backout Count) .................................................................121
5.6.8 固化回滚计数 (Harden Backout).........................................................121
5.7 容错设计..................................................................................................122
5.7.1 出错处理...........................................................................................122
5.7.2 报告消息...........................................................................................122
5.7.3 死信消息...........................................................................................122
5.8 小结.........................................................................................................123
第 6 章 消息处理..........................................................................................................123
6.1 交易 (Transaction) ....................................................................................123
6.1.1 概述..................................................................................................124
6.1.2 本地交易 (Local LUW) ......................................................................124
6.1.3 全局交易 (Global LUW) ....................................................................125
6.2 触发 (Trigger) ..........................................................................................131
6.2.1 原理..................................................................................................131
6.2.2 触发方式...........................................................................................132
6.2.3 配置..................................................................................................133
6.2.4 触发过程...........................................................................................134
6.2.5 并发..................................................................................................135
6.2.6 通道触发...........................................................................................135
6.2.7 触发 CICS 交易.................................................................................137
6.3 报告 (Report)...................................................................................................138
6.3.1 原理..................................................................................................138
6.3.2 选项..................................................................................................139
6.3.3 说明..................................................................................................140
6.4 分组与分段 (Group & Segment) ................................................................141
6.4.1 消息组的发送....................................................................................142
6.4.2 消息组的接收....................................................................................143
6.5 消息上下文 (Message Context)..................................................................144
6.5.1 消息上下文的内容.............................................................................145
6.5.2 消息上下文的编程.............................................................................146
6.6 死信处理 (DLQ Handler) ..................................................................................147
6.6.1 死信消息...........................................................................................147
6.6.2 死信队列处理器................................................................................148
6.7 数据转换 (Data Convert) ...........................................................................151
6.7.1 转换方式...........................................................................................154
6.7.2 数据转换表 (Convert Table) ...............................................................157
第 7 章 广播通信..................................................................................................159
7.1 分发列表 (Distribution List) ......................................................................159
7.1.1 概念..................................................................................................159
7.1.2 配置举例...........................................................................................161
7.1.3 编程..................................................................................................162
7.2 发布和订阅 (Pub & Sub)...........................................................................168
7.2.1 概念..................................................................................................168
7.2.2 安装..................................................................................................169
7.2.3 Broker 控制命令................................................................................169
7.2.4 Broker 网络.......................................................................................171
7.2.5 编程设计...........................................................................................173
7.2.6 发布/订阅命令...................................................................................175
7.2.7 常见的问题.......................................................................................178
第 8 章 客户端.....................................................................................................179
8.1 配置.........................................................................................................179
8.1.1 Server 端配置....................................................................................180
8.1.2 Client 端配置.....................................................................................180
8.2 用户出口..................................................................................................185
8.2.1 用户出口路径....................................................................................186
8.2.2 排错..................................................................................................186
8.3 安全检查..................................................................................................186
8.4 触发 (Trigger) ..........................................................................................188
8.5 跟踪 (Trace).............................................................................................188
8.5.1 Windows ...........................................................................................189
8.5.2 AIX ..................................................................................................189
第 9 章 群集.........................................................................................................189
9.1 相关概念..................................................................................................190
9.1.1 配置库 (Repository)...........................................................................190
9.1.2 配置库队列管理器 (Repository Queue Manager)..................................190
9.1.3 群集通道 (Cluster Channel) ................................................................191
9.1.4 群集队列 (Cluster Queue) ..................................................................191
9.1.5 群集传输队列 (Cluster transmission queue)..........................................191
9.2 群集管理..................................................................................................191
9.2.1 对象属性...........................................................................................191
9.2.2 管理命令...........................................................................................192
9.2.3 管理任务举例....................................................................................193
9.3 群集配置举例...........................................................................................194
9.3.1 例 1 ..................................................................................................194
9.3.2 例 2 ..................................................................................................196
9.3.3 例 3 ..................................................................................................198
9.3.4 例 4 ..................................................................................................201
9.3.5 例 5 ..................................................................................................203
9.3.6 例 6 ..................................................................................................205
9.4 多群集队列实例与共享队列组..................................................................208
9.5 群集负载用户出口 (Cluster Workload User Exit) .........................................210
第 10 章 监控与性能.....................................................................................................210
10.1 事件 (Event) ..................................................................................................210
10.1.1 概念..................................................................................................210
10.1.2 队列管理器事件 (Queue Manager Event).............................................211
10.1.3 通道事件 (Channel Event) ..................................................................214
10.1.4 性能事件 (Performance Event)............................................................215
10.1.5 配置事件 (Configuration Event) ..........................................................218
10.1.6 事件消息...........................................................................................219
10.1.7 事件监控...........................................................................................219
10.1.9 实验一：Queue Depth ........................................................................220
10.1.10 实验二：Queue Service Interval .........................................................221
10.2 性能设计 (Performance) ..................................................................................222
10.2.1 队列管理器性能比较.........................................................................222
10.2.2 数据传递的性能比较.........................................................................230
10.2.3 性能优化...........................................................................................232
10.2.4 小结..................................................................................................234
第 11 章 安全协议.........................................................................................................234
11.1 安全通信..................................................................................................235
11.1.1 数据加密...........................................................................................235
11.1.2 报文摘要...............................................................................................236
11.1.3 数字签名...........................................................................................236
11.1.4 SSL...................................................................................................237
11.2 数字证书..................................................................................................239
11.2.1 概念..................................................................................................239
11.2.2 格式..................................................................................................239
11.2.3 根签证书与自签证书.........................................................................241
11.3 WebSphere MQ 配置 SSL.........................................................................241
11.3.1 Server/Server 消息通道......................................................................241
11.3.2 Client/Server MQI 通道 ......................................................................243
11.3.3 SSL 相关的对象属性.........................................................................245
11.3.4 Client 端程序.....................................................................................246
11.3.5 证书部署...........................................................................................246
11.4 实例 1 根签证书......................................................................................247
11.4.1 准备证书...........................................................................................247
11.4.2 配置队列管理器................................................................................249
11.4.3 配置通道...........................................................................................251
11.5 实例2 自签证书......................................................................................251
11.5.1 准备证书...........................................................................................251
11.5.2 配置队列管理器................................................................................254
11.5.3 配置通道...........................................................................................254
第 12 章 用户出口..................................................................................................255
12.1 概述.........................................................................................................255
12.2 Channel Exit .............................................................................................256
12.2.1 Channel Exit 函数..............................................................................258
12.2.2 Security Exit ......................................................................................259
12.2.3 Message Exit ......................................................................................263
12.2.4 Send Exit ...........................................................................................264
12.2.5 Receive Exit .......................................................................................267
12.2.6 Message Retry Exit .............................................................................268
12.2.7 Channel Auto-Definition Exit ...............................................................270
12.2.7 Transport-Retry Exit ...........................................................................271
12.3 Data Conversion Exit .................................................................................272
12.4 Cluster Workload Exit ................................................................................274
12.5 Pub/Sub Routing Exit .................................................................................276
12.6 MQ API Exit .............................................................................................277
12.6.1 设置..................................................................................................278
12.6.2 举例..................................................................................................279
12.6.3 编程设计...........................................................................................279
第 13 章 MQI 编程.......................................................................................................280
13.1 编程入门..................................................................................................280
13.1.1 数据类型...........................................................................................280
13.1.2 数据结构...........................................................................................280
13.1.3 程序流程...........................................................................................281
13.1.4 例程..................................................................................................283
13.2 头文件.....................................................................................................284
13.3 库文件.....................................................................................................284
13.4 编程参考..................................................................................................285
13.4.1 MQCONN .........................................................................................285
13.4.2 MQCONNX.......................................................................................285
13.4.3 MQDISC ...........................................................................................285
13.4.4 MQOPEN ..........................................................................................286
13.4.5 MQCLOSE ........................................................................................286
13.4.6 MQPUT ............................................................................................287
13.4.7 MQPUT1...........................................................................................287
13.4.8 MQGET ............................................................................................287
13.4.9 MQINQ.............................................................................................288
13.4.10 MQSET .............................................................................................288
13.4.11 MQBEGIN ........................................................................................289
13.4.12 MQCMIT ..........................................................................................289
13.4.13 MQBACK .........................................................................................289
第 14 章 Java 编程........................................................................................................290
14.1 安装.........................................................................................................290
14.2 编程设计..................................................................................................291
14.2.1 例程..................................................................................................292
14.3 连接模式..................................................................................................292
14.4 用户出口..................................................................................................293
14.5 多线程.....................................................................................................294
14.6 连接池.....................................................................................................295
14.6.1 例 1：线程之间串行建立连接...........................................................296
14.6.2 例 2：线程之间并行建立连接...........................................................297
14.7 交易保护..................................................................................................298
14.7.1 本地交易 (Local LUW) ......................................................................298
14.7.2 全局交易 (Global LUW) ....................................................................298
14.8 Trace........................................................................................................299
第 15 章 JMS 编程.......................................................................................................299
15.1 JMS 对象................................................................................................299
15.1.1 Context..............................................................................................301
15.1.2 ConnectionFactory..............................................................................301
15.1.3 Connection ........................................................................................302
15.1.4 Session..............................................................................................303
15.1.5 MessageConsumer ..............................................................................303
15.1.6 MessageProducer................................................................................304
15.1.7 MessageListener .................................................................................305
15.1.8 Message ............................................................................................306
15.2 编程设计..................................................................................................308
15.2.1 Persistence.........................................................................................308
15.2.2 Priority ..............................................................................................308
15.2.3 Expiry ...............................................................................................308
15.2.4 Transaction ........................................................................................309
15.2.5 Acknowledgment ................................................................................310
15.2.6 Message Seletor..................................................................................311
15.2.7 Temporary Destination ........................................................................312
15.2.8 Durable Subscriber .............................................................................312
15.3 MQ JMS 运行环境...................................................................................313
15.3.1 JMS Interface 与 MQ JMS Object.......................................................313
15.3.2 JNDI .................................................................................................313
15.3.3 Client ................................................................................................317
15.3.4 CCSID & Encoding ............................................................................318
15.4 ASF .........................................................................................................319
第 16 章 ActiveX 编程..................................................................................................320
16.1 MQAX .....................................................................................................320
16.1.1 程序设计...........................................................................................320
16.1.2 编程参考...........................................................................................323
16.1.3 跟踪信息 (Trace)...............................................................................328
16.2 MQAI ......................................................................................................328
16.3 ADSI .......................................................................................................328
第 17 章 AMI 编程.......................................................................................................329
17.1 安装.........................................................................................................330
17.1.1 Windows ...........................................................................................330
17.1.2 AIX ..................................................................................................330
17.2 概念与配置..............................................................................................330
17.2.1 概念..................................................................................................330
17.2.2 配置..................................................................................................331
17.3 C 编程.....................................................................................................332
17.3.1 Object Level ......................................................................................332
17.3.2 High Level.........................................................................................338
17.4 Java 编程.................................................................................................343
第 18 章 PCF & AI 编程................................................................................................344
18.1 PCF 编程..................................................................................................344
18.1.1 消息流程...........................................................................................344
18.1.2 消息格式...........................................................................................345
18.1.3 格式举例...........................................................................................347
18.2 AI 编程....................................................................................................349
18.2.1 消息流程...........................................................................................349
18.2.2 包的组成...........................................................................................350
18.2.3 编程..................................................................................................351
附录 WebSphere MQ 进程一览表..................................................................................358
Windows 平台........................................................................................................358
UNIX 平台............................................................................................................358
进程树...................................................................................................................359
附录 WebSphere MQ 命令一览表..................................................................................359
队列管理器 (Queue Manager)..................................................................................359
crtmqm 创建队列管理器 (Create Queue Manager) .........................................359
dltmqm 删除队列管理器 (Delete Queue Manager) .........................................360
strmqm 启动队列管理器 (Start Queue Manager) ............................................360
endmqm 停止队列管理器 (End Queue Manager)............................................361
dspmq 显示队列管理器 (Display Queue Manager) ........................................361
命令服务器 (Command Server) ...............................................................................362
strmqcsv 启动命令服务器 (Start Command Server)........................................362
endmqcsv 停止命令服务器 (End Command Server) ........................................362
dspmqcsv 显示命令服务器 (Display Command Server) ...................................362
Listener (监听器) ....................................................................................................362
runmqlsr 运行监听器 (Run Listener)..............................................................362
endmqlsr 停止监听器 (End Listener)..............................................................363
触发监控器 (Trigger Monitor) .................................................................................363
runmqtmc 启动 Client 端触发监控器 (Run Trigger Monitor for Client)..............363
runmqtrm 启动 Server 端触发监控器 (Run Trigger Monitor for Server) .............363
Trace......................................................................................................................364
strmqtrc 启动Trace (Start Trace，Windows 平台)..........................................364
strmqtrc 启动Trace (Start Trace，HP-UX，Solaris，Linux 平台) ....................364
endmqtrc 停止 Trace (End Trace，Windows 平台) ..........................................365
endmqtrc 停止 Trace (End Trace，HP-UX，Solaris，Linux 平台) .....................365
dspmqtrc 显示 Trace (Display Trace，HP-UX，Solaris，Linux 平台) ...............365
介质恢复 (Media Recover) ......................................................................................365
rcdmqimg 记录对象映像 (Record Object Image) .............................................365
rcrmqobj 重建对象 (Recreate Object).............................................................366
日志 (Log).............................................................................................................367
dmpmqlog 输出格式化日志..........................................................................367
容量单元 (Capacity) ...............................................................................................367
dspmqcap 显示容量单元 (Display Capacity) ..................................................367
setmqcap 设置容量单元 (Set Capacity) .........................................................367
权限信息 (Authority) ..............................................................................................368
dmpmqaut 输出权限信息 (Dump Authority) ...................................................368
dspmqaut 显示权限信息 (Display Authority) ..................................................368
setmqaut 设置权限信息 (Set Authority) ..........................................................369
amqoamd 输出授权信息 (OAM Dump) .........................................................371
运行环境 (Environment) .........................................................................................371
mqver 显示版本 (WebSphere MQ Version)...................................................371
setmqprd 设置生产环境 (Set Production) .......................................................371
amqicsdn 安装补丁 (Install CSD) ..................................................................372
高可用性 (High-Avalability，Windows 平台) ..........................................................372
hadltmqm 删除队列管理器 (HA Delete Queue Manager) .................................372
hamvmqm 移动队列管理器 (HA Move Queue Manager)..................................372
haregtyp 注册队列管理器 (HA Register Type) ...............................................372
amqmsysn 检查模块版本信息 (System Check) ...............................................373
高可用性 (High-Avalability，其它平台) ..................................................................373
疑问交易 (In-Doubt Transaction) .............................................................................373
dspmqtrn 显示疑问交易................................................................................373
rsvmqtrn 解决疑问交易.................................................................................373
消息 (Message) ......................................................................................................374
amqsput 往队列中放消息 (Server 程序) .......................................................374
amqsputc 往队列中放消息 (Client 程序) .......................................................374
amqsget 从队列中取消息 (Server 程序) .......................................................374
amqsgetc 从队列中取消息 (Client 程序) ......................................................374
工具 (Utility) .........................................................................................................375
runmqsc 脚本命令服务器 (Run MQSC) ........................................................375
mqrc 原因码查询 (MQ Reason Code) ......................................................375
amqfirst MQ 第一步，仅 Window 平台........................................................376
amqapi API 试验程序，仅 Windows 平台....................................................376
amqpcard MQI 明信片程序，仅 Windows 平台..............................................376
amqmtbrn MQ Task Bar ，仅 Windows 平台.....................................................376
amqmjpse 准备 MQ 向导，仅 Windows 平台.................................................377
amqmgse MQ 缺省配置................................................................................377
amqinfon MQ 信息中心文档 (MQ Info Center) ...............................................377
crtmqcvx 创建数据转换程序框架 (Create Conversion) ....................................377
runmqdlq 运行死信队列处理器 (Run Dead-Letter Queue Handler) ...................378
runmqchi 运行通道初始化程序 (Run Channel Initiator) ...................................379
runmqchl 运行通道 (Run Channel) ................................................................379
dspmqfls 显示对象对应的文件名 (Display Files) ...........................................379
setmqscp 设置服务连接点 (Set Service Connection Point, 仅 Windows 平台) ...380
setmqcrl 设置无效论证列表 (Set Certificate Revocation List (CRL) LDAP Server
Definitions, 仅 Windows 平台)..........................................................................380
amqmcert Client 证书配置工具 (Utility for Certification) ..................................380
ffstsummary FFST 文件摘要 (FFST Summary) ................................................381
mqaxlev 显示 Code Level ............................................................................382
amqrfdm 查询MQ Cluster Repository.............................................................382
amquregn Registry 值列表工具......................................................................382
amqmdain MQ 服务控制命令，仅 Windows 平台..........................................383
amqmsrvn COM 服务器，仅 Windows 平台....................................................384
附录 MQSC 命令一览表...............................................................................................385
RUNMQSC ............................................................................................................385
执行脚本.........................................................................................................385
抑制回显.........................................................................................................385
检验脚本.........................................................................................................385
远程管理.........................................................................................................385
批处理............................................................................................................385
MQSC 命令............................................................................................................386
结构图............................................................................................................386
DEFINE ..........................................................................................................389
DELETE .........................................................................................................395
ALTER............................................................................................................397
DISPLAY ........................................................................................................399
CLEAR ...........................................................................................................406
START ............................................................................................................407
STOP..............................................................................................................407
RESOLVE .......................................................................................................408
PING ..............................................................................................................408
RESET ............................................................................................................408
REFRESH .......................................................................................................409
SUSPEND .......................................................................................................409
RESUME ........................................................................................................410
参考书目.......................................................................................................................410
