linux软件包管理
管理方式大致分为下面几类:
- 二进制软件包管理(RPM,YUM)-----redhat系列linux系列
- 源代码安装包
- 脚本安装(shell脚本或者Java脚本)
- Debian系列linux软件包管理
linux中所有的软件与配置文件都是通过二进制包软件的形式进行安装。
一、RPM包管理
1.一个rpm软件包的例子
sudo-1.7.2p1-5.el5.i386.rpm
其中软件包(sudo),版本号为1.7.2pl，发行号为 5.el5 ，硬件平台为i386.
- (1)卸载软件:
rpm -e sudo
注意:如果其他软件包有依赖关系，卸载时会产生提示信息，可以用 --nodeps 强行卸载。
卸载的时候使用软件名，安装的时候使用软件的全名。
- (2)查询:
[root@iz2ze46xi6pjjj69ailg9lz ~]# rpm -q zip #查看一个软件包是否安装在系统中 package zip is not installed [root@iz2ze46xi6pjjj69ailg9lz ~]# rpm -qa |grep zip #查询所有的软件包，并根据关键字过滤 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 bzip2-libs-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64 gzip-1.5-8.el7.x86_64 [root@iz2ze46xi6pjjj69ailg9lz ~]#
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# rpm -q zip zip-3.0-10.el7.x86_64
-
- (3)安装: (需要有rpm安装包才可以安装，更新的时候也需要rpm包)
rpm -ivh sudo-1.7.2p1-5.el5.i386.rpm
其他安装选项：
A:常用附加选项:
--execludedocs 过滤掉操作文档
--prefix PATH 将软件包安装到指定的目录下(一般不需要指定，源码一般指定默认的安装路径)
--test: 只对安装进行测试，并不进行实际安装。
--replacepkgs 覆盖安装该软件包
- (4)更新rpm软件包
- (5)rpm重要的查询功能
-a 查询所有已经安装的软件包
-f 查询一个文件所属的软件包
-p 查询软件包信息(此包还没有安装,查看的时候加p选项，参数为完整的包名)
-i 查询软件包信息(已经安装的包)
-l 显示软件包中的文件列表
-d 显示被标注为文档的文件列表
-c 显示被标注为配置文件的文件列表
例如:
0.查询已经安装的软件包:
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# rpm -qa |grep vim #查询与vim相关的软件包，不加过滤操作会查询所有的 vim-common-7.4.160-1.el7_3.1.x86_64 #安装包名称 vim-filesystem-7.4.160-1.el7_3.1.x86_64 #安装包名称 vim-minimal-7.4.160-1.el7_3.1.x86_64 #安装包名称 vim-enhanced-7.4.160-1.el7_3.1.x86_64 #安装包名称
1.查询文件所属的软件包: rpm -qf
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# rpm -qf /bin/ls coreutils-8.22-15.el7.x86_64 [root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# rpm -qf /etc/services setup-2.8.71-6.el7.noarch
2.查询软件包信息 rpm-qi
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# rpm -qi sudo(也可以跟安装包名称) Name : sudo Version : 1.8.19p2 Release : 11.el7_4 Architecture: x86_64 Install Date: Thu 29 Mar 2018 02:39:37 PM CST Group : Applications/System Size : 4051627 License : ISC Signature : RSA/SHA256, Thu 07 Sep 2017 08:55:02 PM CST, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80e b5 Source RPM : sudo-1.8.19p2-11.el7_4.src.rpm Build Date : Thu 07 Sep 2017 10:26:09 AM CST Build Host : c1bm.rdu2.centos.org Relocations : (not relocatable) Packager : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org> Vendor : CentOS URL : http://www.courtesan.com/sudo/ Summary : Allows restricted root access for specified users Description : Sudo (superuser do) allows a system administrator to give certain users (or groups of users) the ability to run some (or all) commands as root while logging all commands and arguments. Sudo operates on a per-command basis. It is not a replacement for the shell. Features include: the ability to restrict what commands a user may run on a per-host basis, copious logging of each command (providing a clear audit trail of who did what), a configurable timeout of the sudo command, and the ability to use the same configuration file (sudoers) on many different machines.
3.查询一个软件包安装了哪些文件
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# rpm -ql sudo /etc/pam.d/sudo /etc/pam.d/sudo-i /etc/sudo-ldap.conf /etc/sudo.conf /etc/sudoers /etc/sudoers.d /usr/bin/sudo /usr/bin/sudoedit /usr/bin/sudoreplay /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/sudo.conf /usr/libexec/sudo/group_file.so /usr/libexec/sudo/libsudo_util.so /usr/libexec/sudo/libsudo_util.so.0 /usr/libexec/sudo/libsudo_util.so.0.0.0 /usr/libexec/sudo/sesh /usr/libexec/sudo/sudo_noexec.so /usr/libexec/sudo/sudoers.so /usr/libexec/sudo/system_group.so /usr/sbin/visudo /usr/share/doc/sudo-1.8.19p2 /usr/share/doc/sudo-1.8.19p2/CONTRIBUTORS /usr/share/doc/sudo-1.8.19p2/ChangeLog /usr/share/doc/sudo-1.8.19p2/HISTORY /usr/share/doc/sudo-1.8.19p2/LICENSE /usr/share/doc/sudo-1.8.19p2/NEWS /usr/share/doc/sudo-1.8.19p2/README /usr/share/doc/sudo-1.8.19p2/README.LDAP /usr/share/doc/sudo-1.8.19p2/TROUBLESHOOTING /usr/share/doc/sudo-1.8.19p2/UPGRADE /usr/share/doc/sudo-1.8.19p2/examples /usr/share/doc/sudo-1.8.19p2/examples/pam.conf /usr/share/doc/sudo-1.8.19p2/examples/sudo.conf /usr/share/doc/sudo-1.8.19p2/examples/sudoers /usr/share/doc/sudo-1.8.19p2/examples/syslog.conf /usr/share/doc/sudo-1.8.19p2/schema.ActiveDirectory /usr/share/doc/sudo-1.8.19p2/schema.OpenLDAP /usr/share/doc/sudo-1.8.19p2/schema.iPlanet /usr/share/doc/sudo-1.8.19p2/sudoers2ldif /usr/share/locale/ca/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/ca/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/cs/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/cs/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/da/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/da/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/el/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/eo/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/eo/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/eu/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/eu/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/fi/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/fi/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/gl/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/hr/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/hr/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/hu/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/hu/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/it/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/it/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/ja/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/ja/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/ko/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/ko/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/lt/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/nb/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/nb/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/nl/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/nl/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/nn/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/pl/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/pl/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/pt_BR/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/pt_BR/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/ru/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/ru/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/sk/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/sk/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/sl/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/sl/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/sr/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/sr/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/sv/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/sv/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/tr/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/tr/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/uk/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/uk/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/vi/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/vi/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/sudo.mo /usr/share/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/sudoers.mo /usr/share/man/man5/sudo-ldap.conf.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/sudo.conf.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/sudoers.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/sudoers.ldap.5.gz /usr/share/man/man8/sudo.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/sudoedit.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/sudoreplay.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/visudo.8.gz /var/db/sudo /var/db/sudo/lectured
4.查询一个安装包的帮助文档:
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# rpm -qd zip /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/CHANGES /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/LICENSE /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/README /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/README.CR /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/TODO /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/WHATSNEW /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/WHERE /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/algorith.txt /usr/share/man/man1/zip.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/zipcloak.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/zipnote.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/zipsplit.1.gz
5.查看一个安装包的配置文件:
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# rpm -qc sudo /etc/pam.d/sudo /etc/pam.d/sudo-i /etc/sudo-ldap.conf /etc/sudo.conf /etc/sudoers
- (6)软件包校验 rpm -V 软件包名称
5 文件的md5校验值
S 文件大小
L 链接文件
T 文件的创建时间
D 设备文件
U 文件的用户
G 文件的用户组
M 文件的权限
例如:
1.查看zip的帮助文件的目录
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# rpm -qd zip /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/CHANGES /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/LICENSE /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/README /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/README.CR /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/TODO /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/WHATSNEW /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/WHERE /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/algorith.txt /usr/share/man/man1/zip.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/zipcloak.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/zipnote.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/zipsplit.1.gz
2.添加一行注释
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# vim /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/README
3.校验zip命令
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# rpm -V zip S.5....T. d /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/README
S代表大小改变，5代表md5值改变，T代表创建时间改变
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# ls -l /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/README -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12754 Mar 29 16:08 /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/README
- 软件包文件提取:
加入etc/inittab文件丢失
(1)查询inittab是所属的安装包
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# rpm -qf /etc/inittab initscripts-9.49.37-1.el7.x86_64
(2)从二进制包中提取数据:
rpm2cpio ......... (上面第二条指令)
注意:每个文件都有一个md5加密值：
1.创建一个文件并测试其md5值
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# echo "this is test" > test.txt [root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg Maildir test.txt [root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# md5sum test.txt 01bcb1fe182a23a65c5efe8326250da8 test.txt
修改文件再次查看器md5值
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# echo "this is test" >> test.txt [root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# md5sum test.txt 07fcec7339bb875d18293a369a18ddb5 test.txt
二、yum管理:
好处:(1)可以自动解决软件包的软件依赖
(2)更新软件的时候方便，不用下载rpm包再更新
命令简介:
安装:yum install
检测升级: yum check-update
升级:yum update
软件包查询: yum list
卸载: yum remove
帮助:yum -help,man yum
1安装软件:
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# yum install sudo #安装sudo软件 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks epel | 4.7 kB 00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 os | 3.6 kB 00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package sudo.x86_64 0:1.8.6p7-23.el7_3 will be updated ---> Package sudo.x86_64 0:1.8.19p2-11.el7_4 will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Updating: sudo x86_64 1.8.19p2-11.el7_4 updates 1.1 M Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Upgrade 1 Package #提示更新了1个包 Total download size: 1.1 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed. sudo-1.8.19p2-11.el7_4.x86 21% [=== ] 0.0 B/s | 232 kB --:-- ETA sudo-1.8.19p2-11.el7_4.x86 96% [=============== ] 1.0 MB/s | 1.0 MB 00:00 ETA sudo-1.8.19p2-11.el7_4.x86_64.rpm | 1.1 MB 00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Updating : sudo-1.8.19p2-11.el7_4.x86_64 1/2 Cleanup : sudo-1.8.6p7-23.el7_3.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : sudo-1.8.19p2-11.el7_4.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : sudo-1.8.6p7-23.el7_3.x86_64 2/2 Updated: #提示更新了软件 sudo.x86_64 0:1.8.19p2-11.el7_4 Complete! [root@VM_0_12_centos ~]#
这时候我们可以用rpm查询sudo的版本:
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# rpm -q sudo sudo-1.8.19p2-11.el7_4.x86_64
利用rpm删除sudo之后重新安装:
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# rpm -e sudo #删除sudo [root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# yum install sudo #用yum重新安装 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package sudo.x86_64 0:1.8.19p2-11.el7_4 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: sudo x86_64 1.8.19p2-11.el7_4 updates 1.1 M Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package Total download size: 1.1 M Installed size: 3.9 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: sudo-1.8.19p2-11.el7_4.x86 27% [==== ] 0.0 B/s | 295 kB --:-- ETA sudo-1.8.19p2-11.el7_4.x86 91% [==============- ] 885 kB/s | 997 kB 00:00 ETA sudo-1.8.19p2-11.el7_4.x86_64.rpm | 1.1 MB 00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum. Installing : sudo-1.8.19p2-11.el7_4.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : sudo-1.8.19p2-11.el7_4.x86_64 1/1 Installed: sudo.x86_64 0:1.8.19p2-11.el7_4 Complete!
2.更新软件。
yum check-update command 检测升级包 (这步可以省略)
yum update command 升级软件(如果不加命令会升级所有的软件)
(1).检查升级包:
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# yum check-update zip Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile zip.x86_64 3.0-11.el7 os
(2)升级前查看zip版本:
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# rpm -q zip zip-3.0-10.el7.x86_64
(3)开始升级:(当然上面两步也可以直接省略)
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# yum update zip Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package zip.x86_64 0:3.0-10.el7 will be updated ---> Package zip.x86_64 0:3.0-11.el7 will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =============================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =============================================================================== Updating: zip x86_64 3.0-11.el7 os 260 k Transaction Summary =============================================================================== Upgrade 1 Package Total download size: 260 k Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed. zip-3.0-11.el7.x86_64.rpm | 260 kB 00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Updating : zip-3.0-11.el7.x86_64 1/2 Cleanup : zip-3.0-10.el7.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : zip-3.0-11.el7.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : zip-3.0-10.el7.x86_64 2/2 Updated: zip.x86_64 0:3.0-11.el7 Complete!
(4)查看升级后的软件版本：
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# rpm -q zip zip-3.0-11.el7.x86_64
3.查看软件包信息:
1.yum list 查看yum源上的所有信息:
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# yum list | grep sudo #查看源上的所有软件包 sudo.x86_64 1.8.19p2-11.el7_4 @updates libsss_sudo.x86_64 1.15.2-50.el7_4.11 updates lxqt-sudo.x86_64 0.11.1-3.el7 epel lxqt-sudo-l10n.noarch 0.11.2-3.el7 epel sudo-devel.x86_64 1.8.19p2-11.el7_4 updates
2.yum info command 查看软件包的信息
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# yum info sudo Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Installed Packages Name : sudo Arch : x86_64 Version : 1.8.19p2 Release : 11.el7_4 Size : 3.9 M Repo : installed From repo : updates Summary : Allows restricted root access for specified users URL : http://www.courtesan.com/sudo/ License : ISC Description : Sudo (superuser do) allows a system administrator to give certain : users (or groups of users) the ability to run some (or all) : commands as root while logging all commands and arguments. Sudo : operates on a per-command basis. It is not a replacement for the : shell. Features include: the ability to restrict what commands a : user may run on a per-host basis, copious logging of each command : (providing a clear audit trail of who did what), a configurable : timeout of the sudo command, and the ability to use the same : configuration file (sudoers) on many different machines.
4.卸载软件包:
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# yum remove sudo #卸载软件包 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package sudo.x86_64 0:1.8.19p2-11.el7_4 will be erased --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Removing: sudo x86_64 1.8.19p2-11.el7_4 @updates 3.9 M Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Remove 1 Package Installed size: 3.9 M
5.查看软件包是否安装与版本信息
1.利用rpm -q查看(已经安装的会显示版本信息，未安装的会提示未安装)
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# rpm -q sudo package sudo is not installed [root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# rpm -q zip zip-3.0-11.el7.x86_64
有时候安装包不一定名字起的非常标准，所以我们一般需要加上 -qa参数:
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# rpm -qa |grep vim vim-common-7.4.160-1.el7_3.1.x86_64 vim-filesystem-7.4.160-1.el7_3.1.x86_64 vim-minimal-7.4.160-1.el7_3.1.x86_64 vim-enhanced-7.4.160-1.el7_3.1.x86_64 [root@VM_0_12_centos ~]#
2.利用yum list 根据状态判断是否安装
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# yum list | grep sudo libsss_sudo.x86_64 1.15.2-50.el7_4.11 updates lxqt-sudo.x86_64 0.11.1-3.el7 epel lxqt-sudo-l10n.noarch 0.11.2-3.el7 epel sudo.x86_64 1.8.19p2-11.el7_4 updates sudo-devel.x86_64 1.8.19p2-11.el7_4 updates
3.直接man 命令 也可以查看是否安装:
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# sudo -bash: sudo: command not found [root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# man sudo No manual entry for sudo
三、源代码安装:
前提是安装c编译器，可以用yum在线安装gcc。
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# yum install gcc Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-16.el7_4.2 will be installed
cc是gcc的一个链接（快捷方式），看看下面的终端输出就明白了
[root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# which gcc /usr/bin/gcc [root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# which cc /usr/bin/cc [root@VM_0_12_centos ~]# ll /usr/bin/cc lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 29 16:32 /usr/bin/cc -> gcc [root@VM_0_12_centos ~]#
应用举例:
四:脚本安装:
webmin是一个重要的通过网页管理linux服务器的软件。安装的时候采用ssh脚本安装。
例如:webmin的安装:
1.到网上下载webmin的安装包。
2.用sftp传到linux服务器
[root@iz2ze46xi6pjjj69ailg9lz webin]# ll total 28240 drwxr-xr-x 133 root bin 12288 Mar 16 11:06 webmin-1.881
3.解压tar.gz文件
tar -zxvf webmin-1.881.tar.gz
4.进入解压后的目录安装;(setup.sh是安装脚本)
[root@iz2ze46xi6pjjj69ailg9lz webmin-1.881]# ./setup.sh
安装过程中只需要输入登录的密码，其他不用修改，默认的端口是10000，默认的账户名字是admin。
5.安装完成后测试:
[root@iz2ze46xi6pjjj69ailg9lz webmin-1.881]# curl localhost:10000 #连接本地10000端口 <!DOCTYPE HTML> <html data-background-style="gainsboro" class="session_login"> <head> <noscript> <style> html[data-background-style="gainsboro"] { background-c #d6d6d6; } html[data-background-style="nightRider"] { background-color: #1 } html[data-background-style="nightRider"] div[data-noscript] { color: #9 0......
6.开启与停止服务
webmin默认安装在/etc/webmin目录下，查看目录下有stop两个脚本，我们可以通过此脚本开启与停止webmin服务，如果有必要我们也可以自己写一个脚本启动与停止webmin
[root@VM_0_12_centos webmin]# pwd
/etc/webmin
[root@VM_0_12_centos webmin]# ls | grep st
cluster-copy
cluster-cron
cluster-passwd
cluster-shell
cluster-software
cluster-useradmin
cluster-usermin
cluster-webmin
custom
first-install
installed.cache
postfix
postgresql
restart
smart-status
start
status
stop
stunnel
system-status
uninstall.sh
开启与关闭webmin
[root@VM_0_12_centos webmin]# file ./start
./start: POSIX shell script, ASCII text executable
[root@VM_0_12_centos webmin]# file ./stop
./stop: POSIX shell script, ASCII text executable
[root@VM_0_12_centos webmin]# file ./status
./status: directory
[root@VM_0_12_centos webmin]# sh ./start
Starting Webmin server in /opt/webmin/webmin-1.881
[root@VM_0_12_centos webmin]# sh ./stop
Stopping Webmin server in /opt/webmin/webmin-1.881
附一个自己写的启动的脚本
#!/bin/bash #start webmin service start() { /etc/webmin/start >/dev/null 2> /dev/null if [ $? = '0' ] then echo "webmin is success start" fi } #stop webmin service stop() { /etc/webmin/stop > /dev/null 2> /dev/null if [ $? = '0' ] then echo "webmin is success stop" fi } #status webmin status() { /usr/bin/netstat -ano | /usr/bin/grep 10000 > /dev/null if [ $? != '0' ] then echo "webmin is not start" else echo "webmin is running" fi } ########read input############## str=$1 if [ ${str} = 'start' ] then start elif [ ${str} = 'stop' ] then stop elif [ ${str} = 'status' ] then status else echo "please use {start,stop,status}" fi
测试:
[root@VM_0_12_centos sshDemo]# ./webmin.ssh stop webmin is success stop [root@VM_0_12_centos sshDemo]# ./webmin.ssh status webmin is not start [root@VM_0_12_centos sshDemo]# ./webmin.ssh start webmin is success start [root@VM_0_12_centos sshDemo]# ./webmin.ssh status webmin is running
如果想要开机启动也可以将脚本用chkconfig设置开机启动，参照tomcat启动脚本
7.网页访问:(前提是开放10000端口，同时在阿里云添加安全组)
(1)开启10000端口
iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 10000 -j ACCEPT
iptables-save
(2)阿里云网站添加安全组
(3)网站访问测试:
首先修改语言为简体中文:
接下来即可管理自己自的服务器:(可以管理mysql服务器和apache服务器)
五、debian系统的安装工具(ubuntu)
【当你用心写完每一篇博客之后,你会发现它比你用代码实现功能更有成就感!】
