Angular表单验证

Angular表单验证分为两种验证:1.内置验证(required,minlength等);2.自定义验证(正则表达式)。

接下来我们用一个注册账号的demo来看一下这两种验证是如何实现的。

项目界面

一、内置验证

其中账户名有required验证和最短长度验证,其他两个只有required验证

1.项目目录

----------app.component.ts

----------app.component.html

----------app.component.css

----------app.module.ts

2.项目代码

app.module.ts

import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { FormsModule,ReactiveFormsModule  }   from '@angular/forms';//表单验证必须导入这两个模块

import { AppComponent } from './app.component';

@NgModule({
  declarations: [
    AppComponent
  ],
  imports: [
    BrowserModule,
    FormsModule,    //注册模块
    ReactiveFormsModule
  ],
  providers: [],
  bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { } 
app.component.ts

 

import { Component,OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { FormGroup, FormControl, Validators } from '@angular/forms';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-root',
  templateUrl: './app.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./app.component.css']
})
export class AppComponent {
  title = 'app';
  Form:FormGroup;
  data={
      name:"",
      email:"",
      tel:""
  }
  ngOnInit(): void {
      this.Form = new FormGroup({
            'name': new FormControl(this.data.name, [
              Validators.required,
              Validators.minLength(4)
            ]),
            'email': new FormControl(this.data.email, Validators.required),
            'tel': new FormControl(this.data.tel, Validators.required)
          });
    }

    get name() { return this.Form.get('name'); }
    get email() { return this.Form.get('email'); }
    get tel() { return this.Form.get('tel'); }
}

简单来说,在使用验证表单的时候,大致分为四步:

(1)导入相关模块FormGroup, FormControl, Validators;

(2)声明表单验证变量From:FromGroup;

(3)定义验证规则;

(4)通过它所属的控件组(FormGroup)的get方法来访问表单控件

app.component.html

<div class="wrapper">
    <div class="row">
        <p class="title-wrapper">注册账号</p>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
        <div class="contain-wrapper"  [formGroup]="Form">
            <label for="name">账户名:</label>
            <input type="text" id="name" formControlName="name"><br/>
            <div *ngIf="name.invalid && (name.dirty || name.touched)" class="alert alert-danger">
                <div *ngIf="name.errors.required">
                    请输入长度账户名!
                </div>
                <div *ngIf="name.errors.minlength">
                    账户名长度不小于4!
                </div>
            </div>
            <label for="email">邮箱:</label>
            <input type="text" id="email" formControlName="email"><br/>
            <div *ngIf="email.invalid && (email.dirty || email.touched)" class="alert alert-danger">
                <div *ngIf="email.errors.required">
                    请输入邮箱!
                </div>
            </div>
            <label for="tel">电话:</label>
            <input type="text" id="tel" formControlName="tel">
            <div *ngIf="tel.invalid && (tel.dirty || tel.touched)" class="alert alert-danger">
                <div *ngIf="tel.errors.required">
                    请输入电话!
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
        <button class="btn btn-primary confirm">确认</button>
    </div>
</div>

app.component.css

*{
    font-size: 18px;
}
.wrapper{
    margin: 0 auto;
    margin-top:10%;
    width:30%;
    height: 20%;
    border:1px solid black;
    border-radius: 10px;
}

.title-wrapper{
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding-top: 20px; 
    padding-bottom: 20px;
    width:370px;
    text-align: center;
    font-size: 20px;
    font-weight: 800;
}
label{
    display: inline-block;
    width:72px;
}
.contain-wrapper{
    width: 300px;
    margin:0 auto;
}
.confirm{
    margin-top:20px;
    width:100%;

}

3.项目效果

二、自定义验证

自定义表单验证,需要创建自定义验证器,我们接下来更改邮箱的验证,将其改为有格式的验证,而不是单纯的存在验证,首先我们来看一下项目目录的更改

1.项目目录

----------app.component.ts

----------app.component.html

----------app.component.css

----------app.module.ts

----------emailAuthentication.ts

 

2.项目代码

app.module.ts

注册自定义验证器EmailValidatorDirective

import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { FormsModule,ReactiveFormsModule  }   from '@angular/forms';
import { EmailValidatorDirective } from './emailAuthentication';

import { AppComponent } from './app.component';

@NgModule({
  declarations: [
    AppComponent,
    EmailValidatorDirective
  ],
  imports: [
    BrowserModule,
    FormsModule,
    ReactiveFormsModule
  ],
  providers: [],
  bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { }

emailAuthentication.ts

import { Directive, Input, OnChanges, SimpleChanges } from '@angular/core';
import { AbstractControl, NG_VALIDATORS, Validator, ValidatorFn, Validators } from '@angular/forms';

/** A hero's name can't match the given regular expression */
export function emailValidator(nameRe: RegExp): ValidatorFn {
    return (control: AbstractControl): { [key: string]: any } => {
        const forbidden = !nameRe.test(control.value);
        return forbidden ? { 'forbiddenName': { value: control.value } } : null;
    };
}

@Directive({
    selector: '[appForbiddenName]',
    providers: [{ provide: NG_VALIDATORS, useExisting: EmailValidatorDirective, multi: true }]
})
export class EmailValidatorDirective implements Validator {
    @Input() forbiddenName: string;

    validate(control: AbstractControl): { [key: string]: any } {
        return this.forbiddenName ? emailValidator(new RegExp(this.forbiddenName, 'i'))(control)
            : null;
    }
}

app.component.ts

import { Component,OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { FormGroup, FormControl, Validators } from '@angular/forms';
import { emailValidator } from './emailAuthentication'; //导入emailValidator自定义验证器

@Component({
  selector: 'app-root',
  templateUrl: './app.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./app.component.css']
})
export class AppComponent {
  title = 'app';
  //email的正则表达式
  emailExp = /^([a-zA-Z0-9_-])+@([a-zA-Z0-9_-])+(.[a-zA-Z0-9_-])+/ ;
  Form:FormGroup;
  data={
      name:"",
      email:"",
      tel:""
  }
  ngOnInit(): void {
      this.Form = new FormGroup({
            'name': new FormControl(this.data.name, [
              Validators.required,
              Validators.minLength(4)
            ]),
            'email': new FormControl(this.data.email, [
                Validators.required,
                emailValidator(this.emailExp) //自定义验证器
                ]),
            'tel': new FormControl(this.data.tel, Validators.required)
          });
    }

    get name() { return this.Form.get('name'); }
    get email() { return this.Form.get('email'); }
    get tel() { return this.Form.get('tel'); }
}

app.component.html

<div class="wrapper">
    <div class="row">
        <p class="title-wrapper">注册账号</p>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
        <div class="contain-wrapper"  [formGroup]="Form">
            <label for="name">账户名:</label>
            <input type="text" id="name" formControlName="name"><br/>
            <div *ngIf="name.invalid && (name.dirty || name.touched)" class="alert alert-danger">
                <div *ngIf="name.errors.required">
                    请输入账户名!
                </div>
                <div *ngIf="name.errors.minlength">
                    账户名长度不小于4!
                </div>
            </div>
            <label for="email">邮箱:</label>
            <input type="text" id="email" formControlName="email" required><br/>
            <div *ngIf="email.invalid && (email.dirty || email.touched)" class="alert alert-danger">
                <div *ngIf="email.errors.forbiddenName">
                  请输入正确格式的邮箱!
                </div>
            </div>
            <label for="tel">电话:</label>
            <input type="text" id="tel" formControlName="tel">
            <div *ngIf="tel.invalid && (tel.dirty || tel.touched)" class="alert alert-danger">
                <div *ngIf="tel.errors.required">
                    请输入电话!
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
        <button class="btn btn-primary confirm" [disabled]="Form.invalid" >确认</button>
    </div>
</div>

在最后确认的时候,我们设置一下按钮的disabled属性,在表单验证不通过的时候,确认按钮是点击不了的,显示不可点击状态。[disabled]="Form.invalid"。

3.项目效果

 三、注意

 在使用表单验证的时候,拿我们上面的例子来说,

1.要记得在相对应的范围标签里面加入[formGroup]="From",否则会出现下面错误:

2.要时刻注意要验证的表单控件有没有被包含在<div class="contain-wrapper"  [formGroup]="Form">里面,如果没有被包含在相应的验证范围里面,表单的验证是不生效的。





posted @ 2017-11-13 10:45  fyk曩昔  阅读(488)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报