C#中采用HTTP方式发送并处理SOAP格式的XML数据

在C#用开发网络应用的时候，我们经常会遇到需要将一个SOAP格式的消息（包括Header）使用HTTP的POST方式发送到某个指定的URL这类问题。这里总结一下这一技术的的实现方法：
首先，我们需要创建一个有效的XML文件，可以使用LINQ to XML来实现，如下：

XNamespace soapenv = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/";
var document = new XDocument(
               new XDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8", String.Empty),
               new XElement(soapenv + "Envelope",
                   new XAttribute(XNamespace.Xmlns + "soapenv", soapenv),
                   new XElement(soapenv + "Header",
                       new XElement(soapenv + "AnyOptionalHeader",
                           new XAttribute("AnyOptionalAttribute", "false"),
                       )
                   ),
                   new XElement(soapenv + "Body",
                       new XElement(soapenv + "MyMethodName",
                            new XAttribute("AnyAttributeOrElement", "Whatever")
                       )
                   )
                );
然后，就可以使用它了：
            var req = WebRequest.Create(uri);
            req.Timeout = 300000;  //timeout
            req.Method = "POST";
            req.ContentType = "text/xml;charset=UTF-8";

            using (var writer = new StreamWriter(req.GetRequestStream()))
            {
                writer.WriteLine(document.ToString());
                writer.Close();
            }
如果，我们还要读取对方服务器返回的消息，那么可以这样：
            using (var rsp = req.GetResponse())
            {
                req.GetRequestStream().Close();
                if (rsp != null)
                {
                    using (var answerReader =
                                new StreamReader(rsp.GetResponseStream()))
                    {
                        var readString = answerReader.ReadToEnd();
                        //do whatever you want with it
                    }
                }
            }

对于如下一段SOAP格式的XML数据，又可以怎么处理呢？
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <env:Header>
  <NotifySOAPHeader xmlns="http://www.csapi.org/schema/parlayx/common/v2_0">
  <ServiceID>3001400002</ServiceID>
  <SPrevID>fanxiang123</SPrevID>
  <SPrevPassword>12345678</SPrevPassword>
  <TransactionID>01022016400400000025</TransactionID>
  </NotifySOAPHeader>
  </env:Header>
  <env:Body>
  <notifySmsReception xmlns="http://www.csapi.org/schema/parlayx/sms/notification/v2_0/local">
  <registrationIdentifier/>
  <message>
  <message>aaaa</message>
  <senderAddress>tel:+861067453262</senderAddress>
  <smsServiceActivationNumber>tel:10661112</smsServiceActivationNumber>
  </message>
  </notifySmsReception>
  </env:Body>
</env:Envelope>

其实很简单：
XmlDocument xdoc = new XmlDocument();
xdoc.Load("Data.xml");

string s = xdoc.DocumentElement["env:Header"]["NotifySOAPHeader"].InnerXml;
Console.WriteLine(s);