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Unit Testing Struts 2 Actions wired with Spring using JUnit
Hopefully this entry serves as some search engine friendly documentation on how one might unit test Struts 2 actions configured using Spring, something I would think many, many people want to do. This used to be done using StrutsTestCase in the Struts 1.x days but Webwork/Struts provides enough flexibility in its architecture to accommodate unit testing fairly easily. I’m not going to go over how the Spring configuration is setup. I’m assuming you have a struts.xml file which has actions configured like this:
<struts>
<package namespace="/site" extends="struts-default">
<action name="deletePerson" class="personAction"
method="deletePerson">
<result name="success">/WEB-INF/pages/person.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
...
</struts>You also might have an applicationContext.xml file where you might define your Spring beans like this.
<beans> <bean id="personAction" class="com.arsenalist.action.PersonAction"/> ... </beans>
Then of course you also need to have an action which you want to test which might look something like:
01 | public class PersonAction extend ActionSupport { |
02 | |
03 | private int id; |
04 | |
05 | public int getId() { |
06 | return id; |
07 | } |
08 | public void setId(int id) { |
09 | this.id = id; |
10 | } |
11 | public String deletePerson() { |
12 | .... |
13 | return SUCCESS; |
14 | } |
15 | } |
Remember than in Struts 2, an action is usually called before and after various other interceptors are invoked. Interceptor configuration is usually specified in the struts.xml file. At this point we need to cover three different methods of how you might want to call your actions.
- Specify request parameters which are translated and mapped to the actions domain objects (id in the PersonAction class) and then execute the action while also executing all configured interceptors.
- Instead of specifying request parameters, directly specify the values of the domain objects and then execute the action while also executing all configured interceptors.
- Finally, you just might want to execute the action and not worry about executing the interceptors. Here you’ll specify the values of the actions domain objects and then execute the action.
Depending on what you’re testing and what scenario you want to reproduce, you should pick the one that suits the case. There’s an example of all three cases below. The best way I find to test all your action classes is to have one base class which sets up the Struts 2 environment and then your action test classes can extend it. Here’s a class that could be used as one of those base classes.
See the comments for a little more detail about whats going on. One point to note is that the class being extended here is junit.framework.TestCase and not org.apache.struts2.StrutsTestCase as one might expect. The reason for this is that StrutsTestCase is not really a well written class and does not provide enough flexibility in how we want the very core Dispatcher object to be created. Also, the interceptor example shown in the Struts documentation does not compile as there seems to have been some sort of API change. It’s been fixed in this example.
01 | import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxy; |
02 | import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxyFactory; |
03 | import junit.framework.TestCase; |
04 | import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext; |
05 | import org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher; |
06 | import org.apache.struts2.views.JspSupportServlet; |
07 | import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; |
08 | import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpServletRequest; |
09 | import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpServletResponse; |
10 | import org.springframework.mock.web.MockServletConfig; |
11 | import org.springframework.mock.web.MockServletContext; |
12 | import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader; |
13 | |
14 | import java.util.HashMap; |
15 | |
16 | /** |
17 | * @author Zarar Siddiqi |
18 | */ |
19 | public abstract class BaseStrutsTestCase extends TestCase { |
20 | private static final String CONFIG_LOCATIONS = "META-INF/applicationContext-app.xml," + |
21 | "META-INF/applicationContext-security.xml"; |
22 | private static ApplicationContext applicationContext; |
23 | private Dispatcher dispatcher; |
24 | protected ActionProxy proxy; |
25 | protected static MockServletContext servletContext; |
26 | protected static MockServletConfig servletConfig; |
27 | protected MockHttpServletRequest request; |
28 | protected MockHttpServletResponse response; |
29 | |
30 | public BaseStrutsTestCase(String name) { |
31 | super(name); |
32 | } |
33 | |
34 | /** |
35 | * Created action class based on namespace and name |
36 | * @param clazz Class for which to create Action |
37 | * @param namespace Namespace of action |
38 | * @param name Action name |
39 | * @return Action class |
40 | * @throws Exception Catch-all exception |
41 | */ |
42 | @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") |
43 | protected <t> T createAction(Class<t> clazz, String namespace, String name) |
44 | throws Exception { |
45 | |
46 | // create a proxy class which is just a wrapper around the action call. |
47 | // The proxy is created by checking the namespace and name against the |
48 | // struts.xml configuration |
49 | proxy = dispatcher.getContainer().getInstance(ActionProxyFactory.class). |
50 | createActionProxy( |
51 | namespace, name, null, true, false); |
52 | |
53 | // by default, don't pass in any request parameters |
54 | proxy.getInvocation().getInvocationContext(). |
55 | setParameters(new HashMap()); |
56 | |
57 | // do not execute the result after executing the action |
58 | proxy.setExecuteResult(true); |
59 | |
60 | // set the actions context to the one which the proxy is using |
61 | ServletActionContext.setContext( |
62 | proxy.getInvocation().getInvocationContext()); |
63 | request = new MockHttpServletRequest(); |
64 | response = new MockHttpServletResponse(); |
65 | ServletActionContext.setRequest(request); |
66 | ServletActionContext.setResponse(response); |
67 | ServletActionContext.setServletContext(servletContext); |
68 | return (T) proxy.getAction(); |
69 | } |
70 | |
71 | protected void setUp() throws Exception { |
72 | if( applicationContext == null ) { |
73 | // this is the first time so initialize Spring context |
74 | servletContext = new MockServletContext(); |
75 | servletContext.addInitParameter(ContextLoader.CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM, |
76 | CONFIG_LOCATIONS); |
77 | applicationContext = (new ContextLoader()).initWebApplicationContext(servletContext); |
78 | |
79 | // Struts JSP support servlet (for Freemarker) |
80 | new JspSupportServlet().init(new MockServletConfig(servletContext)); |
81 | } |
82 | // Dispatcher is the guy that actually handles all requests. Pass in |
83 | // an empty. Map as the parameters but if you want to change stuff like |
84 | // what config files to read, you need to specify them here. Here's how to |
85 | // scan packages for actions (thanks to Hardy Ferentschik - Comment 66) |
86 | // (see Dispatcher's source code) |
87 | HashMap params = new HashMap(); |
88 | params.put("actionPackages", "com.arsenalist.action"); |
89 | dispatcher = new Dispatcher(servletContext, params); |
90 | dispatcher.init(); |
91 | Dispatcher.setInstance(dispatcher); |
92 | } |
93 | } |
By extending the above class for our action test classes we can easily simulate any of the three scenarios listed above. I’ve added three methods to PersonActionTest which illustrate how to test the above three cases: testInterceptorsBySettingRequestParameters, testInterceptorsBySettingDomainObjects() and testActionAndSkipInterceptors(), respectively.
01 | public class PersonActionTest extends BaseStrutsTestCase { |
02 | |
03 | /** |
04 | * Invoke all interceptors and specify value of the action |
05 | * class' domain objects directly. |
06 | * @throws Exception Exception |
07 | */ |
08 | public void testInterceptorsBySettingDomainObjects() |
09 | throws Exception { |
10 | PersonAction action = createAction(PersonAction.class, |
11 | "/site", "deletePerson"); |
12 | action.setId(123); |
13 | String result = proxy.execute(); |
14 | assertEquals(result, "success"); |
15 | } |
16 | |
17 | /** |
18 | * Invoke all interceptors and specify value of action class' |
19 | * domain objects through request parameters. |
20 | * @throws Exception Exception |
21 | */ |
22 | public void testInterceptorsBySettingRequestParameters() |
23 | throws Exception { |
24 | createAction(PersonAction.class, "/site", "deletePerson"); |
25 | request.addParameter("id", "123"); |
26 | String result = proxy.execute(); |
27 | assertEquals(result, "success"); |
28 | } |
29 | |
30 | /** |
31 | * Skip interceptors and specify value of action class' |
32 | * domain objects by setting them directly. |
33 | * @throws Exception Exception |
34 | */ |
35 | public void testActionAndSkipInterceptors() throws Exception { |
36 | PersonAction action = createAction(PersonAction.class, |
37 | "/site", "deletePerson"); |
38 | action.setId(123); |
39 | String result = action.deletePerson(); |
40 | assertEquals(result, "success"); |
41 | } |
42 | } |
The source code for Dispatcher is probably a good thing to look at if you want to configure your actions more specifically. There are options to specify zero-configuration, alternate XML files and others. Ideally the StrutsTestCaseHelper should be doing a lot more than what it does right now (creating a badly configured Dispatcher) and should allow creation of custom dispatchers and object factories. That’s the reason why I’m not using StrutsTestCase since all that does is make a couple calls using StrutsTestCaseHelper.
If you want to test your validation, its pretty easy. Here’s a snippet of code that might do that:
1 | public void testValidation() throws Exception { |
2 | SomeAction action = createAction(SomeAction.class, |
3 | "/site", "someAction"); |
4 | // lets forget to set a required field: action.setId(123); |
5 | String result = proxy.execute(); |
6 | assertEquals(result, "input"); |
7 | assertTrue("Must have one field error", |
8 | action.getFieldErrors().size() == 1); |
9 | } |
This example uses Struts 2.0.11 and Spring 2.0.6. That about sums things up.
Updated on November 4th, 2007 to make it a little simpler and compatible for newer versions of Struts and Spring. Thanks to Haroon Rafique.
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151 Comments
Thanks for the code, it works nicely.
That is nice, very useful.
Any chance of it being submitted as a patch to the S2 team so that it can be ‘polished’ (Javadoc’ced and suchlike) and included in the core, similar to the way that Spring provides integration test support classes in the spring-mock.jar library?
Cheers
Rick
Pretty nice. I do believe this is one of the places where Struts 2.0 could offer a lot more developer support. I have been tackling this issue for sometime and written also some utility classes to simplify Struts 2.0 + Spring unit testing…
Here’s my take on it:
http://fassisrosa.blogspot.com/2007/03/unit-testing-struts-20-part-2.html
Thank you, it works great. You can also set the session into invocationContext:
protected static HashMap session = new HashMap();
// …
protected Object createAction(Class clazz, String namespace, String name)
throws Exception {
// …
proxy.getInvocation().getInvocationContext().setParameters(new HashMap());
proxy.getInvocation().getInvocationContext().setSession(session);
//…
}
This code has helped me a lot to get my action tests up and running. Thank you very much. A little problem remains, though, as we are using tiles too. When ever I try to execute an action that has as result type “tiles” I get an NPE in org.apache.struts2.view.tiles.TileResult.doExecute. It looks like the tiles listener (configured in web.xml) is not loaded. How does your code load web.xml actually (if at all)?
Mike, the web.xml is not being loaded at all. I didn’t find the need for it in my test cases but that would be an excellent feature. If I have some time I’ll see where/how it can be loaded, if you figure it out, please post the solution…
have you got any solution for loading web.xml??
This code is very helpful! It is exactly what I was looking for. However, I also have the same problem with tiles (as Mike above). If someone discovers the solution please post. I was going down the route of putting the tiles.xml in the ConfigurationManager, but I think this is the wrong path.
This is great thankyou!
My web application uses a servlet filter to maintain my jpa entity manager open in my views (org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter). I’m new to unit testing and wondered how i could modify your base class so that my filter gets inluded before calling the struts dispatcher. I am guessing that this is a similar problem to the tiles problem that is described in a previous post, ie the need to load web.xml.
I’m using Struts2 without Spring. And I would like to know how can I do a junit test using struts2??
Thanks in advance
Very good tutorial and it was very useful for me to test the complete flow in my application Thanks a lot.
I cannot find an invoke() method on the proxy reference in your testValidation()example. Also, I had to modify the method signature of protected T createAction(Class clazz, String namespace, String name) as follows protected T createAction(Class clazz, String namespace, String name)
Can you explain please?
Thanks and great work!
I see what happened to your source code now! the got sripped down on account of the HTML symbols! I have wrapped the method signature inside tags and it looks fine
protected createAction(Class clazz, String namespace, String name)
Now then, can you tell me why I am unable to find the invoke method on my proxy reference in the validation test code?
Sweet examples brother,
Scott
Hello Scott
I am getting a compile error on the method signature can you post the correct method signature plz?
— Error (T) cannot be resolved :
protected T createAction(Class clazz, String namespace, String name)
— Error (T) cannot be resolved :
return (T) proxy.getAction();
Can you tell me how to get around the error caused by this jndi snafu? This is being thrown from the setUp() at appContext.refresh();
Hi Scott, that should read proxy.execute(), not invoke(). I’ve fixed the example. Thanks for pointing out the error.
Sweet! Is there a way to get the model from the action post execute method call?
What do you mean? The return value of createAction() is the action class. Whatever public methods are available in your action are available during the tests. Just have a method which returns a model object in your action..
Consider the following test:
PayrollUpdateAction action = createAction(PayrollUpdateAction.class,
“/pr”, “PayrollUpdate_notes”);
action.setId(123L);
String result = proxy.execute();
PayrollUpdateTO model = action.getModel();
System.out.println(model);
assertEquals(“notes”,result );
The model that prints is null! Spring injected the model and it was a live reference during the execute() behavior! I guess my question is one of accessing the action before it has wound it’s way through the interceptors during the return cycle
My bad! I did not have Spring injecting the model. Sorry if you looked into this already.
Peace,
Scott
createAction(PayrollUpdateAction.class,“/pr”, “PayrollUpdate_notes”);
Are you only requiring the class name because Java Generics require it?
Yup, only reason. Just to avoid a cast in the code that calls createAction(), it’s a little neater (I think).
I agree this makes your factory method much cleaner! I really appreciate you offering up this solution. It is easy to see you are a very sharp cat.
I have an Action that extends a parent who implements SessionAware. When I pass my subclass to the createAction and use the proxy to invoke it, I am getting a null pointer on the session Map. Should the setSession()be getting called if it is in the interceptor stack?
Scott
I haven’t worked with SessionAware so I’m not sure when it gets invoked, I just use the org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext class to get hold of the request/response objects.
All the interceptors are being called, however, since we are using a MockServletContext, naturally the request and session are Mocks too. I am trying to test an Action that implements these *aware* interfaces and of course the request and session maps are null. What would be the most natural way to push my own maps into these variables? Does it seem okay to simply call the setters on the action itself?
Thanks,
Scott
One more comment on the interceptor invocation. I have the following test running:
MemberMaintenance action = createAction(MemberMaintenance.class,”/member”, “MemberMaintenance_add”);
(MemberMaintenance) proxy.getAction()).setSession(new HashMap());
Map p = new HashMap();
p.put(“id”, “1″);
proxy.getInvocation().getInvocationContext().setParameters(p);
String nextStep = proxy.execute();
(ActionSupport) proxy.getAction()).getFieldErrors();
and when the SessionAware interceptor is invoked, it is “resetting” my session Map to null! I have fixed it for the moment by changing the setSession(Map session) to check for a null Map being passed in. This really calls into question the advantage of having the interceptors included on the proxy.execute() test though. Comments?
Scott
Hello,
I’m completely new to unit testing with struts and I’m having difficulty getting this example to work… Is this designed to run in the container or not? I thought not, but now I’m unsure. If it’s in container, can anyone point me to some examples of setting up container testing with junit?
I’m also seeing an error saying either my applicationContext.xml cannot be found, or there’s a connection timeout parsing the xml. The file not found is fair enough, but can anyone suggest a reason for a connection timeout?
Jason, this is not designed to run in a container. I don’t think running unit tests in a container is the way to go, you’re testing discrete action functionality, not how the container might behave.
As for the appplicationContext.xml not being found, remember that they’re being loaded from the classpath using XmlWebApplicationContext so make sure your application context configuration is in your classpath and referenced correctly in config[]. If you prefer to load them from the file system instead, you can just override XmlWebApplicationContext.getResource().
Thanks for your help. I seem to be locating the appContext ok now, but I have another question: No where in the code do you specify the location of the struts.xml. Is this also assumed to be on the classpath? Is there a way to load this from the filesystem if necessary?
I’m getting an error now where none of my action mappings can be resolved, so I assume struts.xml to not being picked up.
Do you have the link to the source code?
It doesn’t seem to work with Struts 2.0.9. Thanks really.
It’s working fine with 2.0.9 for me, might want to post the error you’re getting.
Get this error:
Unable to create SAX parser – Class: org.gjt.xpp.jaxp11.SAXParserFactoryImpl
etc etc etc
Caused by: javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException: validation is not supported
at org.gjt.xpp.jaxp11.SAXParserFactoryImpl.newSAXParser(SAXParserFactoryImpl.java:100)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.DomHelper.parse(DomHelper.java:109)
… 21 more
The app code works on the server. Is some jar missing to my local test?
The line:
StrutsSpringObjectFactory.setObjectFactory(ssf);
Does not works in struts 2.1 snapshot.
I trace the code and find out that ObjectFactory in xworks 2.1 drop the singleton pattern. Would you mind giving me any suggestion to do the right same things in struts 2.1 (+ xworks 2.1)
I’ve updated the source code to make it a little simpler, you don’t need StrutsSpringObjectFactory anymore. Try it again and let me know.
Your sample is different from my case. Since I have other types of test that use spring, and I don’t want to startup more than one spring application context. In short, I wish to have a way that put a spring application context into struts context by hand when test setup, just as your previous sample that I can put the application context in a new StrutsSpringObjectFactory and assign the object factory to struts context. Is there any other way to do that? Thanks for your help.
What changes would need to be made if I’m not using Spring? Thanks guys, tons of help!
Hi there
I have recently started developing Struts 2 and I am enjoying it, thanks to articles like these. I have used the base class and I am getting a NPE when it comes to tiles..and i see people have posted about this before and I was wondering if someone has done a solution and if so is there any sample code I could have a look at?
Thanks
I am also having the same problem…Can anyone pls help me?…
Hi, thanks for this nice article. It helped me a lot.
Maybe you can fix the typo(?) in PersonActionTest line 12 (pa->action).
I am using Struts 2.0.11 with Tiles 2.0.4 (TilesDecorationFilter) and I am not facing the problems stated above. But I am extremely new to all the stuff ^^ so don’t trust me too much
Thanks Felix, I’ve fixed the typo.
I am also struggling to get this to work without Springs (just struts2). I know that isn’t the purpose of this article, but its so close
Hi there
I am trying this out for a project that uses freemarker and I am getting a ton of warning messages – I am testing it in intellij idea
…
java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [template/simple/common-attributes_en_US.ftl] cannot be resolved to URL because it does not exist
…
2007-11-28 16:45:10,546 WARN [org.springframework.mock.web.MockServletContext:MockServletContext.java:264] : Couldn’t determine real path of resource class path resource [template/xhtml/form-close-validate.ftl]
java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [template/xhtml/form-close-validate.ftl] cannot be resolved to absolute file path because it does not reside in the file system: jar:file:/C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/jon/.m2/repository/org/apache/struts/struts2-core/2.0.11/struts2-core-2.0.11.jar!/template/xhtml/form-close-validate.ftl
…
any tips?
Hi
I am learning struts2. this is realy good artical for me.
if you have more artical related to struts2,Spring and hibernate published it.
Rishi
Hi,
Really good example. Had a quick (and probably stupid) question though. How do you invoke a method in the action other than “execute”? I have an action class with all my CRUD methods in there and want to test each one with the full interceptor stack etc.
Thanks,
Mohammed
Mohammed, you can define the configuration in your struts.xml:
<action name="myAction" class="MyClass" method="myMethod"/>or you can just invoke myAction like this: myAction!myMethod.action and myMethod will be called.
can you pls tell me what to do when action returns a tiles type result??
Thanks,
Do you, or anyone else have this working with Maven 2?
I’m having problems…
(NB, my other unit tests work fine – just cant test action classes at the moment).
I wasnt sure how to get the XML files (Spring, Struts etc) onto the test classpath, so ended up copying them to src/test/resources (there has to be a better way!)
After doing that, i’m getting the following error
Unable to load bean: type:org.apache.struts2.components.template.TemplateEngine class:org.apache.struts2.components.template.JspTemplateEngine – bean – jar:file:/C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/abdealim/.m2/repository/org/apache/struts2/struts2-core/2.0.9/struts2-core-2.0.9.jar!/struts-default.xml:34:150
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:208)
…
Add the struts2-core-2.0.9.jar in your pom file and test once ,
Also you can add the same in properties-> Javabuild path-> add external jars-> add this jar and test.
Hey,
I tried running the test customized to my application, but I am encountering an issue of Infinite Recursion Detected. I guess its something related to auto chaining not working, but am not sure. Appreciate your help in this regard
I am getting the same error when running the junit test.
Infinite recursion detected: [/login!input, /exceptionHandler, /exceptionHandler] – [unknown location]
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionChainResult.execute(ActionChainResult.java:207)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.executeResult(DefaultActionInvocation.java:348)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:253)
at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.execute(StrutsActionProxy.java:50)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionChainResult.execute(ActionChainResult.java:229)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.executeResult(DefaultActionInvocation.java:348)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:253)
at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.execute(StrutsActionProxy.java:50)
at gov.glin.web.struts.action.LoginActionTest.testValidLogin(LoginActionTest.java:21)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at junit.framework.TestCase.runTest(TestCase.java:154)
at junit.framework.TestCase.runBare(TestCase.java:127)
at org.springframework.test.ConditionalTestCase.runBare(ConditionalTestCase.java:69)
at junit.framework.TestResult$1.protect(TestResult.java:106)
at junit.framework.TestResult.runProtected(TestResult.java:124)
at junit.framework.TestResult.run(TestResult.java:109)
at junit.framework.TestCase.run(TestCase.java:118)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.junit3.JUnit3TestReference.run(JUnit3TestReference.java:130)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:460)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:673)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:386)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:196)
here is the entry in the struts.xml
{ “input”, “login” }
/login/login.ftl
/home.action
/changePassword.action?user=${user.userId}
Re: 45.
src/test/resources and src/main/resources is the best way to put stuff in your classpath, not sure why you don’t like that. You can also define additional resources location in Maven if you need to.
Hi,
I’m very new to java, struts, spring, etc..
And i’m getting trouble to get this test working with my struts actions. I’m using eclipse and when I run the test I see from the Junit tab this error:
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: IOException parsing XML document from ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]; nested exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: Could not open ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: Could not open ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]
at org.springframework.web.context.support.ServletContextResource.getInputStream(ServletContextResource.java:99)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:334)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:317)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:125)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:141)
at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:123)
at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:91)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:94)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:292)
at org.springframework.web.context.support.AbstractRefreshableWebApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractRefreshableWebApplicationContext.java:156)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.createWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:246)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:184)
at com.aix2.test.BaseStrutsTestCase.setUp(BaseStrutsTestCase.java:117)
at junit.framework.TestCase.runBare(TestCase.java:125)
at junit.framework.TestResult$1.protect(TestResult.java:106)
at junit.framework.TestResult.runProtected(TestResult.java:124)
at junit.framework.TestResult.run(TestResult.java:109)
at junit.framework.TestCase.run(TestCase.java:118)
at junit.framework.TestSuite.runTest(TestSuite.java:208)
at junit.framework.TestSuite.run(TestSuite.java:203)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.junit3.JUnit3TestReference.run(JUnit3TestReference.java:128)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:460)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:673)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:386)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:196)
I tryed to test if I was pointing to the right file and if it is readable putting this code snipet in my class constructor:
File f = new File("WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml");
if (f.exists() && f.isFile()) {
try {
System.out.println("file exists: " + f.getCanonicalPath());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (f.canRead()) {
System.out.println("readable archive.");
}
}
which prints:
“file exists.
readable archive”
and then:
web-15:23:54,968 DEBUG com.aix.estagio.AtividadesEstagioAction:41 - AtividadesEstagioActionTest() - start
web-15:23:54,984 DEBUG com.aix2.test.BaseStrutsTestCase:88 - createAction(Class, String, String) - Erro ao criar ActionProxy: java.lang.NullPointerException
web-15:23:54,984 ERROR com.aix2.test.BaseStrutsTestCase:90 - createAction(Class, String, String)
java.lang.NullPointerException
at com.aix2.test.BaseStrutsTestCase.createAction(BaseStrutsTestCase.java:76)
at com.aix.test.webgiz.AtividadesEstagioActionTest.(AtividadesEstagioActionTest.java:45)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:27)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:494)
at junit.framework.TestSuite.createTest(TestSuite.java:131)
at junit.framework.TestSuite.addTestMethod(TestSuite.java:114)
at junit.framework.TestSuite.(TestSuite.java:75)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.junit3.JUnit3TestLoader.getTest(JUnit3TestLoader.java:102)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.junit3.JUnit3TestLoader.loadTests(JUnit3TestLoader.java:59)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:445)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:673)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:386)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:196)
after debugging I’ve found that the dispatcher object is null when in the createAction method.
When is this object instantiated?
Do you have any ideas on how to get this working for my case?
Many thanks and sorry for the bad english.
use like this:
CONFIG_LOCATIONS = “file:D:\\开发中项目\\dsunit\\WebRoot\\WEB-INF\\classes\\applicationContext.xml”;
Hope you success.
dalto, you’re having a classpath issue. Just make sure your tests can find the application context at /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml. Or you can tell Spring where to look for the files as shown in the example.
Hi arsenalist,
appreciate your inputs on issue 46 pls.
Sri, that to me looks like something wrong with your action configuration which is causing a recursion between the login!input action and your exceptionHandler. Is your exception handler by any chance redirecting to login!input and in turn login!input is throwing n exception thus causing the recursion?
I believe the action is being invoked correctly which indicates that the test is setup fine, it’s just what happens after that is the problem.
here is my struts entry
{ “input”, “login” }
/login/login.ftl
/home.action
/changePassword.action?user=${user.userId}
and my applicationContext entry
I dont know from where the input method is invoked, and why my action fails which in turn calls exceptionHandler. frustrated with this.
applicationContext
struts entry
{ “input”, “login” }
/login/login.ftl
/home.action
/changePassword.action?user=${user.userId}
am not sure why my application entry and struts entry is cropped
This blog has some trouble dealing with XML, you’ll have to escape it when posting code. I think the “input” method is automatically invoked by Struts at some point (I could be wrong), you should try renaming the input method to something more precise and see what the behavior is.
thanks for the reply!
i’m new to java and i can’t understand what the classpath have to do with this issue.. do i have to add my project directory to the classpath?
i already tried to fix this by specifying to where the file is like the exemple and it keep throwing the same error.. by the way, i only have the applicationContext.xml file and not the security one, can this cause any problem?
i’ve added the MockServletContext package directory to the classpath, keeps throwing the same error in the setUp() method.
i solved it by referencing the file this way:
file///c:/workpath/project/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml
nice article, btw
hi arsenalist,
Issue 46 I could resolve that issue now, the problem was there was an NPE which was thrown in ContextInterceptor because I didnt set the Session in the BaseTestCase
proxy.getInvocation().getInvocationContext().setSession(sessionMap);
and hence the infinite recursion. Good Lord I spent lot of time debugging for this. My bad.
Thanks for your help arsenal.
Thanks for posting this, in an ocean of mediocrity it is nice to stumble across the odd pearl.
I’m prototyping my first struts2 app right now and having successfully configured actions/results using annotations I would like to be able to test them. Unfortunately as it stands and using your base test class I am unable to do that. Everything works as expected if I add the actions/results into struts.xml. I have already spent some time wading through the Dispatcher source and find myself very little the wiser. I thought perhaps by loading actionPackages in the initParams parameter of the Dispatcher constructor it might all magically start working. Unfortunately I’m still relatively new to java (from c#) and I really want to understand what I’m doing rather than rely on magic. I would really appreciate a few pointers.
David, what’s the problem?
Well, I would like to know how to enable your BaseStrutsTestCase class to work with action/result annotations.
I also develop an application using Tiles. It would be really neccessary to mock out the TilesResult because these would be tested independently.
I would also like to test Preparer classes, but my preparers could do nothing but return action results so that they can be tested.
Hi,
I’m getting this error, and have no idea where to even start looking for the problem. I’m using Maven 2, JUnit 4, Struts 2 + Spring.
Unable to load bean: type:org.apache.struts2.components.template.TemplateEngine class:org.apache.struts2.components.template.JspTemplateEngine – bean – jar:file:/C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/abdealim/.m2/repository/org/apache/struts2/struts2-core/2.0.9/struts2-core-2.0.9.jar!/struts-default.xml:34:150
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:208)
at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.register(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:101)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reload(DefaultConfiguration.java:131)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:52)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:395)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:452)
at com.sentaca.telusreporting.web.BaseStrutsTestCase.setUp(BaseStrutsTestCase.java:95)
at com.sentaca.telusreporting.web.UserManagementActionTestCase.setUp(UserManagementActionTestCase.java:12)
at junit.framework.TestCase.runBare(TestCase.java:132)
at junit.framework.TestResult$1.protect(TestResult.java:110)
at junit.framework.TestResult.runProtected(TestResult.java:128)
at junit.framework.TestResult.run(TestResult.java:113)
at junit.framework.TestCase.run(TestCase.java:124)
at junit.framework.TestSuite.runTest(TestSuite.java:232)
at junit.framework.TestSuite.run(TestSuite.java:227)
at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit38ClassRunner.run(JUnit38ClassRunner.java:81)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4TestSet.execute(JUnit4TestSet.java:62)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.suite.AbstractDirectoryTestSuite.executeTestSet(AbstractDirectoryTestSuite.java:138)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.suite.AbstractDirectoryTestSuite.execute(AbstractDirectoryTestSuite.java:125)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.Surefire.run(Surefire.java:132)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:585)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.SurefireBooter.runSuitesInProcess(SurefireBooter.java:290)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.SurefireBooter.main(SurefireBooter.java:818)
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/jsp/JspWriter
at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredConstructors(Class.java:2357)
at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors(Class.java:1808)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:198)
… 25 more
Hey there – I guess your attention is currently elsewhere. I am wondering if you have had any opportunity to think about how your BaseStrutsTestCase could be made annotation-aware. I realise this may not be high on your list of priorities but I would certainly appreciate some pointers as to how I might go about this. I’m currently in the middle of a prototype exercise and I will need to revisit this soonish. Being able to test my actions is higher on my list of priorities than using annotations so I may need to revert to the xml-style configuration if I can’t get this working.
It is actually quite easy to make this base class annotation aware. Just add this before line 86 (in setUp()) in BaseStrutsTestCase:
HashMap params = new HashMap();
params.put("actionPackages", "your.action.package1,your.action.package1");
and then modify line 86 to read:
dispatcher = new Dispatcher(servletContext, params);
You basically need to tell the dispatcher to scan your classpath. actionPackages is the parameter which makes this happen in web.xml. If you want to understand why and how this works check out the Dispatcher code at Krugle:
http://www.krugle.org/kse/files/svn/svn.apache.org/struts/current/struts2/core/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/dispatcher/Dispatcher.java
Thank you Hardy for that! I’ve updated the post.
Thanks Hardy, that would be worth a woot! Your timing is impeccable.
I’m getting this error when I run my JUnit Test class
java.lang.SecurityException: class “junit.framework.JUnit4TestCaseFacade”‘s signer information does not match signer information of other classes in the same package
at java.lang.ClassLoader.checkCerts(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.preDefineClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(Unknown Source)
at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(Unknown Source)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(Unknown Source)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(Unknown Source)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(Unknown Source)
at org.junit.internal.runners.OldTestClassRunner$OldTestClassAdaptingListener.asDescription(OldTestClassRunner.java:41)
at org.junit.internal.runners.OldTestClassRunner$OldTestClassAdaptingListener.startTest(OldTestClassRunner.java:31)
at junit.framework.TestResult.startTest(TestResult.java:151)
at junit.framework.TestResult.run(TestResult.java:103)
at junit.framework.TestCase.run(TestCase.java:120)
at junit.framework.TestSuite.runTest(TestSuite.java:230)
at junit.framework.TestSuite.run(TestSuite.java:225)
at org.junit.internal.runners.OldTestClassRunner.run(OldTestClassRunner.java:76)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:460)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:673)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:386)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:196)
Any idea on what this means ? Thanks !
Ismath
Hi, just one idea to improve the code. In class PersonActionTest you use
assertEquals(result, “success”);
which will result in some misleading error messages by JUnit on failure, like
[junit] junit.framework.ComparisonFailure: expected: but was:
The JUnit API documentation states:
assertEquals(java.lang.String expected, java.lang.String actual)
So just flipping the variables will make things clearer.
Greets, Felix
This really works well, but I have an obstacle. We have custom validators and have placed the validators.xml file in the /WEB-INF/classes/ directory as prescribed. The site works fine, however, the test case for the action does not. Running against the action produces the exception: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: There is no validator class mapped to the name myCustomValidator.
I’m not sure how to incorporate this into the above test configuration. Do you have a suggestion? Thanks!
Actually, I just figured it out, but perhaps you know a better way. I added:
ValidatorFactory.registerValidator(“myCustomValidator”, “x.y.z.web.validators.MyCustomValidator”);
as the first line in my unit test and it works. By the way, I’m also using your base test to get an action so that I can set up the validator context in other tests that test validators independently. It really made it easy. Thanks again.
good
Hi, thanks for this post. My colleagues and I are finding it very helpful.
Just one nit-picking I couldn’t resist though.
It seems you are using assert…() method’s parameters in reverse order. According to the API doc, ‘expected’ value should come first, then ‘actual’. I don’t think this would degrade the quality of tests in terms of accuracy, but for the people reading the tests (and adopting these in their own projects), it may be confusing at times since it goes against the usual convention.
Anyways, cheers for the Arsenal!
Hi,I am having struts2 + hibernate application no spring configuration.
I used the same abstract BaseStrutsTestCase class with only change to commented out this code from setUp() method
/*
if( applicationContext == null ) {
// this is the first time so initialize Spring context
servletContext = new MockServletContext();
servletContext.addInitParameter(ContextLoader.CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM,
CONFIG_LOCATIONS);
applicationContext = (new ContextLoader()).initWebApplica
*/
Test cases works fine with struts2 application only.
But the only problem is that i am not able to pass the request parameters to the action class while able to pass the
params by SettingDomainObjects.
It means testInterceptorsBySettingDomainObjects() this is working fine while this is not testInterceptorsBySettingRequestParameters() from the above example.
Can anybody tell me what is the problem here ?
If we want to use a different struts xml than the default one (say, struts-test.xml) , it can be specified as :
params.put(“config”,”struts-default.xml,struts-plugin.xml,struts-test.xml”);
somebody copied your article word by word here http://itefforts.blogspot.com/2007/08/struts2-spring-junit.html
Hi all,
I´ve read the posts, and someone has the need to put in the CONFIG_LOCATIONS the web-xml?
I´ve there de JNDI datasources needed by Spring.
How, based in the example, could i load to the classpath the web.xml??
cheers
Bigster, to load config locations, you can just specify it using the way it’s shown in Line 75 of the setUp() method.
servletContext.addInitParameter(ContextLoader.CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM, CONFIG_LOCATIONS);arsenalist,
That´s what i´ve tried :
private static final String CONFIG_LOCATIONS =
“WEB-INF/web.xml,”+ “hibernate.cfg.xml,” + “aplicationContext-dao.xml,” + “applicationContext-resources.xml,” + “applicationContext-service.xml,” + “applicationContext-struts.xml”;
it throws a FileNotfoundExecption, it don´t find tha web.xml in the WEB-INF folder.
any help?
use like this:
private static final String CONFIG_LOCATIONS =
“/WEB-INF/web.xml,”+ “/hibernate.cfg.xml,” + “/aplicationContext-dao.xml,” + “/applicationContext-resources.xml,” + “/applicationContext-service.xml,” + “/applicationContext-struts.xml”;
Hi. I’m trying to implement this solution, but i have problem with the import
“import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpServletRequest;”, don’t recognises and don’t exist in spring 2.0.4 jar file. Any idea?. Congratulations Arsenal and thank you for your article.
Resolved. The spring jar file does’n contain the mock jar, is only the core. Must be include the mock jar file in the classpath. Now i’m trying the test my classes. Thks.
Hi I am very new to struts2. I am using tiles and like to use your code to develop some test cases for my application. The problem is I was using any namespace tag before in the package area.
So when I use namespace tag and put some value in it, the body jsp displayed but not the left menu, top menu and etc.
Why other jsp are not getting displayed?
—Struts.xml———————————————–
myTest
Error
————————————————————
Tiles.xml
Hi I am very new to struts2. I am using tiles and like to use your code to develop some test cases for my application. The problem is I was using any namespace tag before in the package area.
So when I use namespace tag and put some value in it, the body jsp displayed but not the left menu, top menu and etc.
Why other jsp are not getting displayed?
—Struts.xml———————————————–
myTest
Error
————————————————————
Tiles.xml
---Struts.xml-----------------------------------------------
myTest
Error
------------------------------------------------------------
Tiles.xml
—Struts.xml———————————————–
package name=”vd” namespace=”/vd” extends=”something”
action name=”vdTest” class=”vdAction”
result type=”tiles” myTest result
result name=”error” type=”tiles” Error result
action>
package
————————————————————
Tiles.xml
definition name=”default” template=”/WEB-INF/jsp/default.jsp”
put-attribute name=”title” value=”Management System”
put-attribute name=”header” value=”/html/header.html”
put-attribute name=”menu” value=”/WEB-INF/jsp/menu.jsp”
put-attribute name=”footer” value=”/html/footer.html”
put-attribute name=”body” value=”/html/main.html”
definition>
definition name=”myTest” extends=”default”
put-attribute name=”body” value=”/WEB-INF/jsp/vdTest.jsp”
definition
Hi,
I’m trying to test Struts actions following this example and I’m getting type cast exception in the line:
PersonAction action = createAction(PersonAction.class, “/site”, “deletePerson”);
Exception message says “ActionSupport” cannot be cast to PersonAction.
Hi everyone,
I’m also running “testInterceptorsBySettingRequestParameters()” with no success. I’m using ognl expressions in the request parameter like “person.name”, “person.description” and the action is getting a null reference to the Person object.
I have the getter and setter for the person object. While debugging I found the request parameters are null.
Any help will be very much appreciated,
Thanks in advance
Karel, for #87 make sure your PersonAction class extends ActionSupport. I suspect #88 might be related too.
Hi,
The class in fact extends ActionSupport and I’m still getting the error.
The other thing is that the Person object doesn’t get populated in the PersonAction class after setting request parameter “person.name” and “person.description” parameters in the request.
I’m following this example line by line with the modification of having a Person object that gets populated from the request in the Action bean.
Thanks for your quick feedback.
Cheers,
Karel
Karen – make sure you have the proper interceptors in your stack. This example is working fine for me using the default struts.xml configuration. Maybe its time to whip out the debugger and see what interceptors are being invoked.
So, I am seeing the same issue with MockHttpServletRequest parameters not making it through the Parameters interceptor. I have traced the code pretty deep and it looks like the InvocationContext does not get a copy of the MockHttpServletRequest parameters. There is some interesting comments in ActionContext for setParameters(Map param), where it says “in a Servlet Environment this returns the HttpRequest parameters, otherwise it returns a Map” (paraphrase). So I trying to figure out where this all gets determined. My guess is the Dispatcher so I am headed in that direction.
While I am doing that, it sounds like people are getting this (request.addParameter(…)) to work. Mike, what version of Struts are you using? What plugins? How are you executing your unit tests? Anything else about your Struts/Testing environment that is not likely to be shared by others?
Ok, so I did not figure out why the parameters are not getting copied from the ServletRequest to the InvocationContext, but I have a workaround I think.
Try replacing:
request.addParameter(“id”,”1″)
with
Map params = new HashMap();
params.put(“id”,”1″);
proxy.getInvocation().getInvocationContext().setParameters(params);
java.lang.NullPointerException at org.apache.struts2.views.tiles.TilesResult.doExecute(TilesResult.java:104)at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.StrutsResultSupport.execute(StrutsResultSupport.java:178)
-
-
- at
vms.junit.test.LoginActionTest.testInterceptorsBySettingDomainObjects(LoginActionTest.java:29)
My LoginActionTest is——————-
package vms.junit.test;
import java.util.Map;
import vms.action.LoginAction;
import vms.model.User;
public class LoginActionTest extends BaseStrutsTestCase {
public LoginActionTest(String name) {
super(name);
}
public void testInterceptorsBySettingDomainObjects() throws Exception {
LoginAction action = createAction(LoginAction.class,
“/”, “Login”);
User user = new User();
user.setFirstName(“vidit”);
user.setLastName(“kumar”);
action.setUser(user);
String result = proxy.execute();
assertEquals(result, “success”);
}
}
I have tiles listener in my web.xml…I dont know why I am getting this error.
Any help will be much appreciated.
Some people have reported success using that with Tiles, others have not. The issue here is that the tiles config isn’t being read because it can’t find it in the classpath…
Sorry, I stopped using Tiles a long time ago in favor of Sitemesh.
Hi Arsenalist
thanks for the quick reply. I am loading tiles config in the same way I am loading application-Context and dataAccessContext
private static final String CONFIG_LOCATIONS = “classpath:/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml”
+ “, classpath:/WEB-INF/dataAccessContext.xml”
+ “, classpath:/WEB-INF/tiles.xml ” ;
Is there any other way to load tiles config file.
Some time ago now but…
For issues 45 & 64 – the JspTemplateEngine is dependant on the jsp-api.jar
Make sure this is available on the class path.
I have a problem with applicationContext.xml file’s configuration. My applicationContext.xml file is not under META-INF, so I change this part :
private static final String CONFIG_LOCATIONS = “META-INF/applicationContext-app.xml,” +”META-INF/applicationContext-security.xml”;
to
private static final String CONFIG_LOCATIONS = “WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml”;
The error is :
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: IOException parsing XML document from ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]; nested exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: Could not open ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml] at
Moreover, I don’t have a file named applicationContext-security.xml.
I am sure that applicationContext.xml is in the correct place, so what is the problem? Should I do some change on it?
The applicationContext.xml file :
I have solved my problem
I just wrote :
private static final String CONFIG_LOCATIONS = “file:WebContent/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml”;
But I couldn’t understand the difference.
After I have solve the configuration problem, there is another problem about tiles. As some peope mentioned that the tiles integration causes NPE, I have the same problem, ant the trace is the same.. I have set the configuration file to
private static final String CONFIG_LOCATIONS = “file:src/struts.xml,file:WebContent/WEB-INF/tiles.xml” ; this, as suggested, but it did not work. How can I solve this problem ?
I do not have applicationContext file, I use struts.xml instead of it.
struts.xml :
tvq.NameCollector
tvq.ListTasks
/error.jsp
tvq.addTask
web.xml :
TVQ
struts2
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
struts2
/*
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
Tiles_Filter
org.apache.tiles.web.startup.TilesFilter
org.apache.tiles.impl.BasicTilesContainer.DEFINITIONS_CONFIG
/WEB-INF/tiles.xml
Tiles_Filter
/*
REQUEST
index.html
index.htm
index.jsp
default.html
default.htm
default.jsp
I have modified BaseStrutsTestCase.createAction to include request and response objects
protected T createAction(Class clazz,String namespace, String name, MockHttpServletRequest request,MockHttpServletResponse response)
Modified the following lines in the method
Map extraContext = dispatcher.createContextMap(request, response, null, servletContext);
ActionProxy proxy = dispatcher.getContainer().getInstance(
ActionProxyFactory.class).createActionProxy(namespace, name,
extraContext, true, false);
dropped these lines
proxy.getInvocation().getInvocationContext().
setParameters(new HashMap());
request = new MockHttpServletRequest();
response = new MockHttpServletResponse();
ServletActionContext.setRequest(request);
ServletActionContext.setResponse(response);
This will make sure whatever parameter is added to servlet request using addParameter method will end up in the Action domain objects.
I hope this solves Dusty’s problem
For the ones who want to integrate this unit test with tiles, I have found a tutorial-like post :
http://www.soft-gems.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=48&Itemid=33
However, It gave an exception like that:
org.apache.tiles.definition.NoSuchDefinitionException: tvq.ListTasks
The program works correctly, but I can not test it
I found a similar code sample to this at http://www.soft-gems.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=48, which included tiles support. I found that by adding the tiles config from the other example to the code on this page I stopped getting NPE’s in Tiles, although I’m still working through my tests to see if it breaks anything else.
To add tiles support, find this line in the existing code (currently line 80 in the listing above but it might change) :-
new JspSupportServlet().init(new MockServletConfig(servletContext));
and add the following code to define the location of your tiles.xml and sets up a Tile listener
servletContext.addInitParameter(BasicTilesContainer.DEFINITIONS_CONFIG, “WEB-INF/tiles.xml”);
final StrutsTilesListener tilesListener = new StrutsTilesListener();
final ServletContextEvent event = new ServletContextEvent(servletContext);
tilesListener.contextInitialized(event);
I cant claim any credit for the above, other than finding it and posting it here
Thanks for posting it. I was breaking my head on why tiles not getting initialized. Tried several configuration option in struts2 but nothing worked.
I am thinking of posting the same in several other places where people posted this issue. I saw several people had problems on the same lines.
Thanks.
Why we need to load tiles.xml for JUnit, are you trying to execute results? This is to know the requirement.
Thanks
Thank you so much!
This is exactly what I’ve been searching for hours.
It also serves as a good example to load any other ServletContextListener classes.
We are trying to use this to test action classes in an Struts/Spring/Hibernate application.
DriverManagerDataSource and LocalSessionFactoryBean are used.
I am receiving HibernateException that there is no active transaction. Any idea?
cat7,
I tried what you have suggested but It gave an error as I mentioned before:
org.apache.tiles.definition.NoSuchDefinitionException: tvq.ListTasks
What can be the problem?
Line 57-58
//do not execute the result after executing the action
proxy.setExecuteResult(true);
there is a bug inside this code
hi,
my StrutsActionTestCase is virtually a copy of your BaseStrutsTestCase. I use it first in TestLogin where everything works fine and than in TestRegister where this strange assertion error is thrown:
java.lang.AssertionError:
Unexpected method call put(“configurationReload-struts-default.xml”, true):
at org.easymock.internal.MockInvocationHandler.invoke(MockInvocationHandler.java:29)
at org.easymock.internal.ObjectMethodsFilter.invoke(ObjectMethodsFilter.java:56)
at org.easymock.classextension.internal.ClassProxyFactory$1.intercept(ClassProxyFactory.java:74)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$8aa46a90.put()
at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.loadPackages(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:110)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reload(DefaultConfiguration.java:152)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:52)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:395)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:452)
at test.actions.StrutsActionTestCase.setUp(StrutsActionTestCase.java:94)
at test.actions.security.TestRegister.setUp(TestRegister.java:27)
StrutsActionTestCase.java:94 coresponds to BaseStrutsTestCase.java:90 which is the line with
dispatcher.init().
Why is the ActionContext an EasyMock-Mock-class???
the quickfix seems to be to reset the ActionContext in BaseStrutsTestCase.setUp() between line 71 and line 72:
protected void setUp() throws Exception
{
ActionContext.setContext( new ActionContext(new TreeMap()) );
if( applicationContext == null ) {
….
But there seems to be a bug somewhere!?
I am trying to unit test one action class which returns sucess…
I am getting this error…
-Info — Initializing Tiles2 container. . .
-WARN [org.apache.tiles.impl.BasicTilesContainer] – Unable to find configured definition ‘/WEB-INF/tiles.xml’
2008-08-07 13:51:19,583 INFO [org.apache.tiles.impl.BasicTilesContainer] – Tiles2 container initialization complete.
PS. session and request are *local* variable. Do not use the member variable of the same name.
I’m having the same Classpath problems that some have found (46).
On my setup, I have a unittests source folder (separate from both the src and WebContent).
String CONFIG_LOCATIONS = “WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml”;
doesn’t find the file (nor tiles.xml, for example). “WebContent/WEB-INF/…” doesn’t find it either.
I’ve also tried the full system path without any luck.
Everything works great if I copy-paste the xml files to the unittests source folder. But how can I reference the files in the WEB-INF folder?
Is Junit support Struts 2.0?
I am trying to write Junit Test Case for DAO’s but Objects are not created.
Thank you for this great post !
I’m new to this these technologies. so while I copied this class to run in my eclipse it is giving me 2 errors which is in “T” -no class exit..
how to resolve this.
I’ve been successfully using your BaseStrutsTestCase under TestNG with Struts-2.1.2 and Spring-2.5.6.
Pretty nice, thanks!
I was wondering how you handle the fact the service layer problem. In order to test your actions, you need to provide some persistent entity, right? If you want to keep away from the container, you’ve got to mock the Service layer in some ways so as to be able to return expected entity for your action.
How do you mock them? Do you use a specific tool?
My DAOs implement interfaces and I have a “real” implementation and a test implementation which I use during testing. I use XStream and a bunch of XML files to mock data coming from a database during testing.
Nice article, I tried the same but facing following issue when I try to run the JUnits
[junit] Running com.pg.site.actions.about.AboutUsActionTest
[junit] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Time elapsed: 0 sec
[junit] Test com.pg.site.actions.about.AboutUsActionTest FAILED (crashed)
The message in the log is
junit.framework.AssertionFailedError: Forked Java VM exited abnormally. Please note the time in the report does not reflect the time until the VM exit.
If any of you faced such issue, can you please help me.
I implemented SessionAware interface in Action class and i just set the session using,
….
ServletActionContext.getContext().setSession(session);
ServletActionContext.setServletContext(servletContext);
……
and it works like magic
Hi Arsenalist, nice job!
I’ve implemented your framework and it’s been incredibly helpful. One question though: I’ve not been able to get it to add request parameters using your method in the example (request.addParameter(“id”, “123″)). The values just don’t get noticed by the interceptors. So, I’ve been doing it using the method that the base action uses (proxy.getInvocation().getInvocationContext().getParameters().put( …. ) ).
That works well, but it’s a little messy, because that particular parameters map requires all parameter values to be String[]s, not Strings, so i have to add extra lines into the code. Any idea what I might be doing wrong?
Cheers.
Just an extra note on my last post: I tried Girih’s method from 7/2/08, but I wasn’t able to get it work…
In the method definition:
protected T createAction(Class clazz, String namespace, String name)
For the class ‘T’ should i import the following class
import org.apache.poi.hssf.record.formula.functions.T;
In the method definition:
protected T createAction(Class clazz, String namespace, String name)
For the class ‘T’ should i import the following class
import org.apache.poi.hssf.record.formula.functions.T;
is this correct import?
T is a reference to any class in Java 1.5 generics. You don’t need to import anything.
Hi
I am trying to use your framework and is really usefull, in my case I am using struts2-rest-struts-plugin, and it use RestActionProxyFactory instead of ActionProxyFactory
I modify the code..like follow but I get a null action Proxy.. any ideas?
RestActionProxyFactory actionProxy = dispatcher.getContainer().getInstance(RestActionProxyFactory.class, “rest”);
proxy = actionProxy.createActionProxy(namespace, name, null, true, false);
Got an error with:
private static final String CONFIG_LOCATIONS = “file:WebContent/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml”;
at
applicationContext = (new ContextLoader()).initWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
with:
Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: javax.persistence.PersistenceContext.properties()[Ljavax/persistence/PersistenceProperty;
Can someone refer to the xml documents? is the security.xml necessary? sorry i am kinda new to this
Thx, Jorgan
You can load xml documents, but ensure you get the absolute path or relative path from the classpath to load them.
Hi,
It’s very helpful. But I’ve an problem.
I’ve an action implement Preparable. When I run the proxy.execute(), the EntityManager is opened/closed twice. This causes a problem that an entity feched in prepare() becomes detached.
Any solution?
Thanks,
For those of you who are using this base class to unit test your Struts 2 apps, have you encountered this requirement?
I have a web.xml listener placing an object in application scope using servletContext.setAttribute(foo,engine) and an interceptor expecting to locate it using actionInvocation.getStack().findValue(“#attr.foo”).
In my unit test which subclasses BaseStrutsTestCase I am putting the engine in scope using proxy.getInvocation().getStack().set(“foo”, engine), however my interceptor is finding a null when it attempts to fetch it from the stack. Is there something weird concerning the OgnlValueStack in this context?
Peace,
Scott
I was wondering if the problem with the aware interface (SessionAware) as described in comments 24 & 25 was ever resolved.
I have recently started experimenting with this very helpful unit testing code and facing same issue.
Looks like the framework isn’t setting a session object to my class implementing SessionAware. So, I call the setSession() method to set it myself. That happens before proxy.execute(), but when the time comes for proxy.execute(0 to run, it resets the session map to null.
The test passes with the option to by-pass the framework and test the action in an isolated function.
Not sure if this discussion is still active, but if anyone has any advice or solution on this issue, I would very interested in hearing it.
Many thanks.
Zarar – I modified your BaseStrutsTestCase class so that it works for testing a Struts 2 Action class that doesn’t use Spring. I’d like to publish this code along with an example of how to use it on my blog (http://www.brucephillips.name/blog). I’ve cited your name and blog article in the code comments and also will cite your orignal work in the blog article.
Is is OK with you if I publish on my blog the modified BaseStrutsTestCase class I created based on your work?
Bruce Phillips
Sure Bruce, no problem.
I am getting the following error:
java.lang.NullPointerException
at org.apache.struts2.views.tiles.TilesResult.doExecute(TilesResult.java:104)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.StrutsResultSupport.execute(StrutsResultSupport.java:178)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.executeResult(DefaultActionInvocation.java:348)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:253)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(ValidationInterceptor.java:150)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(AnnotationValidationInterceptor.java:48)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:86)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:224)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:223)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack.profile(UtilTimerStack.java:455)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:221)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ConversionErrorInterceptor.intercept(ConversionErrorInterceptor.java:123)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:224)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:223)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack.profile(UtilTimerStack.java:455)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:221)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:167)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:86)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:224)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:223)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack.profile(UtilTimerStack.java:455)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:221)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor.intercept(StaticParametersInterceptor.java:105)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:224)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:223)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack.profile(UtilTimerStack.java:455)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:221)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor.intercept(CheckboxInterceptor.java:83)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:224)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:223)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack.profile(UtilTimerStack.java:455)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:221)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor.intercept(FileUploadInterceptor.java:207)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:224)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:223)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack.profile(UtilTimerStack.java:455)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:221)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ModelDrivenInterceptor.java:74)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:224)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:223)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack.profile(UtilTimerStack.java:455)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:221)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.java:127)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:224)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:223)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack.profile(UtilTimerStack.java:455)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:221)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ProfilingActivationInterceptor.intercept(ProfilingActivationInterceptor.java:107)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:224)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:223)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack.profile(UtilTimerStack.java:455)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:221)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor.intercept(DebuggingInterceptor.java:206)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:224)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:223)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack.profile(UtilTimerStack.java:455)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:221)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor.intercept(ChainingInterceptor.java:115)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:224)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:223)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack.profile(UtilTimerStack.java:455)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:221)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor.intercept(I18nInterceptor.java:143)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:224)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:223)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack.profile(UtilTimerStack.java:455)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:221)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor.doIntercept(PrepareInterceptor.java:121)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:86)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:224)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:223)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack.profile(UtilTimerStack.java:455)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:221)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor.intercept(ServletConfigInterceptor.java:170)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:224)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:223)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack.profile(UtilTimerStack.java:455)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:221)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor.intercept(AliasInterceptor.java:123)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:224)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:223)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack.profile(UtilTimerStack.java:455)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:221)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor.intercept(ExceptionMappingInterceptor.java:176)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:224)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:223)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack.profile(UtilTimerStack.java:455)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:221)
at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.execute(StrutsActionProxy.java:50)
at gc.test.unittest.testaction.TestLoginActionUsingBaseStrutsTestCase.testInterceptorsBySettingRequestParameters(TestLoginActionUsingBaseStrutsTestCase.java:54)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at junit.framework.TestCase.runTest(TestCase.java:168)
at junit.framework.TestCase.runBare(TestCase.java:134)
at junit.framework.TestResult$1.protect(TestResult.java:110)
at junit.framework.TestResult.runProtected(TestResult.java:128)
at junit.framework.TestResult.run(TestResult.java:113)
at junit.framework.TestCase.run(TestCase.java:124)
at junit.framework.TestSuite.runTest(TestSuite.java:232)
at junit.framework.TestSuite.run(TestSuite.java:227)
at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit38ClassRunner.run(JUnit38ClassRunner.java:91)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:460)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:673)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:386)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:196)
I have got the answer.
Complete BaseStrutsTestCase is like following:
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxy;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxyFactory;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher;
import org.apache.struts2.tiles.StrutsTilesListener;
import org.apache.struts2.views.JspSupportServlet;
import org.apache.tiles.impl.BasicTilesContainer;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.mock.web.MockServletConfig;
import org.springframework.mock.web.MockServletContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
/**
* @author Arindam Ray
*/
@SuppressWarnings(“unchecked”)
public abstract class BaseStrutsTestCase extends TestCase {
private static final String CONTEXT_CONFIG_LOCATION = “/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml,” +
“/WEB-INF/dataAccessContext.xml”;
private static final String TILES_DEFINITIONS = “/WEB-INF/tiles.xml”;
private static ApplicationContext applicationContext;
private Dispatcher dispatcher;
protected ActionProxy proxy;
protected static MockServletContext servletContext;
protected MockHttpServletRequest request;
protected MockHttpServletResponse response;
public BaseStrutsTestCase(String name) {
super(name);
}
/**
* Created action class based on namespace and name
* @param clazz Class for which to create Action
* @param namespace Namespace of action
* @param name Action name
* @param parameters Request parameters
* @param session Session map
* @return Action class
* @throws Exception Catch-all exception
*/
protected Object createAction(Class clazz, String namespace, String name, Map parameters, Map session)
throws Exception {
// create a proxy class which is just a wrapper around the action call.
// The proxy is created by checking the namespace and name against the
// struts.xml configuration
proxy = dispatcher.getContainer().getInstance(ActionProxyFactory.class).createActionProxy(namespace, name, null, true, false);
ActionContext actionContext = proxy.getInvocation().getInvocationContext();
if(parameters == null) {
// by default, don’t pass in any request parameters
actionContext.setParameters(new HashMap());
}
else {
//set the parameters
actionContext.setParameters(parameters);
}
if(session == null) {
actionContext.setSession(new HashMap());
}
else {
//set the session
actionContext.setSession(session);
}
// do not execute the result after executing the action
proxy.setExecuteResult(true);
// set the actions context to the one which the proxy is using
ServletActionContext.setContext(actionContext);
request = new MockHttpServletRequest();
response = new MockHttpServletResponse();
ServletActionContext.setRequest(request);
ServletActionContext.setResponse(response);
ServletActionContext.setServletContext(servletContext);
return proxy.getAction();
}
protected void setUp() throws Exception {
if( applicationContext == null ) {
// this is the first time so initialize Spring context
servletContext = new MockServletContext();
servletContext.addInitParameter(ContextLoader.CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM, CONTEXT_CONFIG_LOCATION);
applicationContext = (new ContextLoader()).initWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
// Struts JSP support servlet (for Freemarker)
new JspSupportServlet().init(new MockServletConfig(servletContext));
//for tiles
servletContext.addInitParameter(BasicTilesContainer.DEFINITIONS_CONFIG, TILES_DEFINITIONS);
final StrutsTilesListener tilesListener = new StrutsTilesListener();
final ServletContextEvent event = new ServletContextEvent(servletContext);
tilesListener.contextInitialized(event);
}
// Dispatcher is the guy that actually handles all requests. Pass in
// an empty. Map as the parameters but if you want to change stuff like
// what config files to read, you need to specify them here. Here’s how to
// scan packages for actions (thanks to Hardy Ferentschik – Comment 66)
// (see Dispatcher’s source code)
HashMap params = new HashMap();
params.put(“actionPackages”, “gc.action”);
dispatcher = new Dispatcher(servletContext, params);
dispatcher.init();
Dispatcher.setInstance(dispatcher);
}
}
Thanks Arsenalist for the code.
Has anybody got the above code to run by setting request parameters? The method testInterceptorsBySettingRequestParameters() doesnot work for me. There were quite few queries on this. Has anyone got it to work?
I used the approach here until I recently upgraded Struts and came up with an alternative:
http://www.digitalsanctum.com/2010/01/25/how-to-test-struts-2-actions-without-a-container/
My approach uses a combination of Struts and Spring to achieve transactional tests without the use of a container.
Thank for your post! Great work!
One question is: when I run testInterceptorsBySettingDomainObjects(), it works, but can
not invoke the interceptor. I’m using struts2+spring2+tiles
Thank You!
After a few hours of debugging I got this code to work perfectly! Thank you so much for not only posting the code, but revising it and helping with other users. This post makes it easy to set this up and troubleshoot.
A small change is needed for Struts 2.1.6. The createActionProxy() method of ActionProxyFactory needs an additional parameter for the action’s ‘method’.
To set the Action’s domain objects through request parameter, the suggested approach will not work. i.e.
request.setParameter(“id”, “123″) will not set the Id field of the action class. That has to be done in the following way –
Map params = new HashMap();
params.put(“id”, “123″);
proxy.getInvocation().getInvocationContext().setParameters(params);
how to solve this problem
There is no Action mapped for namespace / and action name createaccount. – [unknown location]
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxy.prepare(DefaultActionProxy.java:177)
at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.prepare(StrutsActionProxy.java:61)
at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(StrutsActionProxyFactory.java:39)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(DefaultActionProxyFactory.java:47)
at net.action.StrutsTestCase.getActionProxy(StrutsTestCase.java:84)
at net.action.NewTest.testUserName(NewTest.java:23)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at junit.framework.TestCase.runTest(TestCase.java:168)
at junit.framework.TestCase.runBare(TestCase.java:134)
at junit.framework.TestResult$1.protect(TestResult.java:110)
at junit.framework.TestResult.runProtected(TestResult.java:128)
at junit.framework.TestResult.run(TestResult.java:113)
at junit.framework.TestCase.run(TestCase.java:124)
at junit.framework.TestSuite.runTest(TestSuite.java:232)
at junit.framework.TestSuite.run(TestSuite.java:227)
at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit38ClassRunner.run(JUnit38ClassRunner.java:83)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:46)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
this one is very helpful example
how to solve this problem
There is no Action mapped for namespace / and action name createaccount. – [unknown location]
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxy.prepare(DefaultActionProxy.java:177)
at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.prepare(StrutsActionProxy.java:61)
at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(StrutsActionProxyFactory.java:39)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(DefaultActionProxyFactory.java:47)
at net.action.StrutsTestCase.getActionProxy(StrutsTestCase.java:84)
at net.action.NewTest.testUserName(NewTest.java:23)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at junit.framework.TestCase.runTest(TestCase.java:168)
at junit.framework.TestCase.runBare(TestCase.java:134)
at junit.framework.TestResult$1.protect(TestResult.java:110)
at junit.framework.TestResult.runProtected(TestResult.java:128)
at junit.framework.TestResult.run(TestResult.java:113)
at junit.framework.TestCase.run(TestCase.java:124)
at junit.framework.TestSuite.runTest(TestSuite.java:232)
at junit.framework.TestSuite.run(TestSuite.java:227)
at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit38ClassRunner.run(JUnit38ClassRunner.java:83)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:46)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
There was something wrong with the usage of “assertEquals(result, “success”);”
The actual API is: assertEquals(Object expected, Object actual)
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