让gcc支持成员函数模板的trick

让gcc支持成员函数模板的trick

罗朝辉 (http://www.cnblogs.com/kesalin/)

本文遵循“署名-非商业用途-保持一致”创作公用协议
 
gcc 4.7.3 不支持成员函数模板特化。如下代码:
 
#ifndef __MEMFUNTEMPLATE_H__
#define __MEMFUNTEMPLATE_H__

#include <stdio.h>

class Base {};
class Derived : public Base {};

struct Functor {
    template <typename T> void function() {
        printf(" Primary template....\n");
    }

    template<>
    void function<int>(){
        printf(" Specialization for int....\n");
    }

    template<> void function<Base *>() {
        printf(" Specialization for Base *....\n");
    }
};

class Tester {
public:
    static void DoTest()
    {
        Functor functor;
        functor.function<char>();
        functor.function<int>();
        functor.function<Base *>();
        functor.function<Derived *>();
    }
};

#endif // __MEMFUNTEMPLATE_H__

 

在 VS2010 中编译运行是没有问题的,但在 gcc 4.7.3下,编译都通不过:

../src/MemFunTemplate.h:21:14: error: explicit specialization in non-namespace scope ‘struct Functor’
../src/MemFunTemplate.h:22:24: error: template-id ‘function<int>’ in declaration of primary template
../src/MemFunTemplate.h:26:14: error: explicit specialization in non-namespace scope ‘struct Functor’
../src/MemFunTemplate.h:26:38: error: template-id ‘function<Base*>’ in declaration of primary template
../src/MemFunTemplate.h:26:21: error: ‘void Functor::function()’ cannot be overloaded
../src/MemFunTemplate.h:22:10: error: with ‘void Functor::function()’
../src/MemFunTemplate.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
../src/MemFunTemplate.cpp:17:2: error: ‘DoTest’ is not a member of ‘Functor’

 

为了达到近似成员函数模板特化的效果,可以利用成员函数主模板以及重载函数来实现:

/*
 * MemFunTemplate.h
 *
 *  Created on: Jul 12, 2013
 *      Author: http://blog.csdn.net/kesalin/
 */

#ifndef MEMFUNTEMPLATE_H_
#define MEMFUNTEMPLATE_H_

#include <stdio.h>

template<typename T>
struct DummyIdentity {
    typedef T type;
};

class Base {};
class Derived : public Base {};

struct Functor {
    template <typename T> void function() {
        function(DummyIdentity<T>());
    }

private:

    template <typename T>
    void function(DummyIdentity<T>) {
        printf(" Primary template DummyIdentity<T>....\n");
    }

    void function(DummyIdentity<int>) {
        printf(" overload function for DummyIdentity<int>....\n");
    }

    void function(DummyIdentity<Base *>) {
        printf(" overload function for DummyIdentity<Base *>....\n");
    }
};

class Tester {
public:
    static void DoTest()
    {
        Functor functor;
        functor.function<char>();
        functor.function<int>();
        functor.function<Base *>();
        functor.function<Derived *>();
    }
};

#endif /* MEMFUNTEMPLATE_H_ */

 

调用 DoTest() 运行结果如下:

 Primary template DummyIdentity<T>....
 overload function for DummyIdentity<int>....
 overload function for DummyIdentity<Base *>....
 Primary template DummyIdentity<T>....

 

注意:

VS2010 版本的代码,模板形参为 T,在实例化不会进行隐式类型转换。即用 Derived * 当作实参调用的是主模板,而不是 Base * 特化版本

而在 gcc  下,模板形参虽然也为T,但影响重载决议的 function 参数为:DummyIdentity<T>,用不同的实际参数实例化该模板,得到的是一堆重载函数。因此用 Derived * 当作实参时,调用的函数自然就是实例化的 void function(DummyIdentity<T>)了。

 
posted @ 2013-07-12 21:59  飘飘白云  阅读(1954)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
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