8天入门wpf—— 第五天 数据绑定

     

       在webform中,如果提到“绑定”二字,相信大家都不会陌生,绑定,让我们的代码更加的简洁优美,在wpf中也存在各种神马的绑定,

当然使用上都是行隔理不隔。

     

一: 控件到控件的绑定

     既然是绑定,那么肯定就有”源对象“和”目标对象“两种状态实体,从图的角度上来说存在三种状态:

确实在wpf中存在这三种模式的对应方式,

1:OneWay

    正如图A所说,Source影响着Target,但是Target却影响不到Source。

2:OneWayToSource

   也正如图B中所表述的一样,Target影响Source,而Source却影响不到Target。

3:TwoWay

   这个也就相当于无向图的边,Source与Target相互影响。

4:OneTime

   在OneWay的基础上延伸了一个OneTime,仅绑定一次。如果大家属性Jquery中的one函数我想就可以不用表述了。

 1 <Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.MainWindow"
 2          xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
 3          xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
 4          Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
 5     <Canvas>
 6         <ScrollBar Height="24" Name="scrollBar1" Width="237" Orientation="Horizontal" Canvas.Left="103" Canvas.Top="51"  Minimum="1" Maximum="100" SmallChange="1" />
 7         <Label Canvas.Left="41" Canvas.Top="121" Content="OneWay" Height="28" Name="label1" />
 8         <TextBox Canvas.Left="165" Canvas.Top="121" Height="23"
 9                  Text="{Binding ElementName=scrollBar1, Path=Value, Mode=OneWay}"
10                  Name="textBox1" Width="120" />
11         <Label Canvas.Left="41" Canvas.Top="160" Content="OneWayToSource" Height="28" Name="label2" />
12         <TextBox Canvas.Left="165" Canvas.Top="160" Height="23"
13                    Text="{Binding ElementName=scrollBar1, Path=Value, Mode=OneWayToSource}"
14                  Name="textBox2" Width="120" />
15         <Label Canvas.Left="41" Canvas.Top="202" Content="TwoWay" Height="28" Name="label3" />
16         <TextBox Canvas.Left="165" Canvas.Top="202" Height="23"
17                    Text="{Binding ElementName=scrollBar1, Path=Value, Mode=TwoWay}"
18                  Name="textBox3" Width="120" />
19         <Label Canvas.Left="41" Canvas.Top="231" Content="OneTime" Height="28" Name="label4" />
20         <TextBox Canvas.Left="165" Canvas.Top="231" Height="23" 
21                    Text="{Binding ElementName=scrollBar1, Path=Value, Mode=OneTime}"
22                  Name="textBox4" Width="120" />
23     </Canvas>
24 </Window>

最终的结果,还是大家自己拖拖滚动条吧,有图有真相。

 

二:.net对象与控件的绑定

     这种绑定还是经常使用的,在WebForm中我们常用的Eval就是此种绑定,因为俺从数据库里好不容易捞了点数据总要呈现在UI上面吧,

好,不多说,上代码说话。

 1 <Window x:Class="WpfApplication3.MainWindow"
 2         xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
 3         xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
 4         xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApplication3"
 5         Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
 6     <Grid>
 7         <ListView  Height="287" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="62,12,0,0" Name="listView1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="331">
 8             <ListView.View>
 9                 <GridView>
10                     <GridView.Columns>
11                         <GridViewColumn Header="姓名"  DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding Name}"/>
12                         <GridViewColumn Header="年龄" DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding Age}"/>
13                     </GridView.Columns>
14                 </GridView>
15             </ListView.View>
16         </ListView>
17     </Grid>
18 </Window>

 

首先谢天谢地,我们的数据出来了,好,现在我们有需求了,我现在需要给奇偶行填充不同底色,并且age=22的这行数据标红,那在wpf中该

怎么做呢?我们依稀的记得在webform中我们会在“行事件”上做手脚,在数据的绑定上wpf给我们提供了一个口子,也就是在绑定时可以插入自

己的”事件处理代码“,但必须要继承自IValueConverter。

 1 <Window x:Class="WpfApplication3.MainWindow"
 2         xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
 3         xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
 4         xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApplication3"
 5         Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
 6     <Window.Resources>
 7         <local:ColorConvert x:Key="myConvert"/>
 8         <Style x:Key="item" TargetType="{x:Type ListViewItem}">
 9             <Setter Property="Background">
10                 <Setter.Value>
11                     <Binding RelativeSource="{RelativeSource Self}" 
12 Converter="{StaticResource myConvert}"/>
13                 </Setter.Value>
14             </Setter>
15         </Style>
16     </Window.Resources>
17     <Grid>
18         <ListView ItemContainerStyle="{StaticResource ResourceKey=item}" Height="287" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="62,12,0,0" Name="listView1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="331">
19             <ListView.View>
20                 <GridView>
21                     <GridView.Columns>
22                         <GridViewColumn Header="姓名"  DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding Name}"/>
23                         <GridViewColumn Header="年龄" DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding Age}"/>
24                     </GridView.Columns>
25                 </GridView>
26             </ListView.View>
27         </ListView>
28     </Grid>
29 </Window>
 1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections.Generic;
 3 using System.Linq;
 4 using System.Text;
 5 using System.Windows;
 6 using System.Windows.Controls;
 7 using System.Windows.Data;
 8 using System.Windows.Documents;
 9 using System.Windows.Input;
10 using System.Windows.Media;
11 using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
12 using System.Windows.Navigation;
13 using System.Windows.Shapes;
14 
15 namespace WpfApplication3
16 {
17     /// <summary>
18     /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
19     /// </summary>
20     public partial class MainWindow : Window
21     {
22         public MainWindow()
23         {
24             InitializeComponent();
25 
26             List<Student> list = new List<Student>();
27 
28             for (int i = 20; i < 30; i++)
29             {
30                 list.Add(new Student() { Name = "hxc" + i, Age = i });
31             }
32 
33             listView1.ItemsSource = list;
34         }
35     }
36 
37     public class ColorConvert : IValueConverter
38     {
39         public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
40         {
41             //这里的value既为当前的行对象
42             var item = value as ListViewItem;
43 
44             //获取当前的item在当前的Listview中的位置
45             var view = ItemsControl.ItemsControlFromItemContainer(item) as ListView;
46 
47             var index = view.ItemContainerGenerator.IndexFromContainer(item);
48 
49             //当Age=22是红色标示
50             if ((view.Items[index] as Student).Age ==22)
51                 return Brushes.Red;
52 
53             if (index % 2 == 0)
54                 return Brushes.Pink;
55             else
56                 return Brushes.Blue;
57         }
58 
59         public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
60         {
61             return null;
62         }
63     }
64 
65 
66     public class Student
67     {
68         public string Name { get; set; }
69 
70         public int Age { get; set; }
71     }
72 }

快看,效果出来了,这里要稍微解释下IValueConverter的使用步骤:

①:自定义一个类继承自IValueConverter,其中Convert方法的value 为绑定参数,parameter参数为绑定参数的附带值。

1   public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)

②:我们需要在xaml中引用并写入资源。

 1   <Window.Resources>
 2         <local:ColorConvert x:Key="myConvert"/>
 3         <Style x:Key="item" TargetType="{x:Type ListViewItem}">
 4             <Setter Property="Background">
 5                 <Setter.Value>
 6                     <Binding RelativeSource="{RelativeSource Self}" 
 7 Converter="{StaticResource myConvert}"/>
 8                 </Setter.Value>
 9             </Setter>
10         </Style>
11     </Window.Resources>

③:最后也就是在Binding中使用Convert,wpf在绑定数据的时候会自动调用我们自定义的myConvert方法。

 1   <Window.Resources>
 2         <local:ColorConvert x:Key="myConvert"/>
 3         <Style x:Key="item" TargetType="{x:Type ListViewItem}">
 4             <Setter Property="Background">
 5                 <Setter.Value>
 6                     <Binding RelativeSource="{RelativeSource Self}" 
 7 Converter="{StaticResource myConvert}"/>
 8                 </Setter.Value>
 9             </Setter>
10         </Style>
11     </Window.Resources>

 

三: .net方法与控件的绑定

    在做wpf时,有时我们需要在xaml中绑定.net中的方法,当然这在实际开发中也是很常用的,不过方法必要由ObjectDataProvider来封装。

 1 <Window x:Class="WpfApplication5.MainWindow"
 2         xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
 3         xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
 4         xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApplication5"
 5         xmlns:sys="clr-namespace:System;assembly=mscorlib"
 6         Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
 7     <Window.Resources>
 8         <ObjectDataProvider x:Key="Test" ObjectType="{x:Type local:Student}" MethodName="GetName">
 9         </ObjectDataProvider>
10     </Window.Resources>
11     <Grid>
12         <TextBlock Text="{Binding Source={StaticResource ResourceKey=Test}, Mode=OneWay}"/>
13     </Grid>
14 </Window>
 1 namespace WpfApplication5
 2 {
 3     /// <summary>
 4     /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
 5     /// </summary>
 6     public partial class MainWindow : Window
 7     {
 8         public MainWindow()
 9         {
10             InitializeComponent();
11         }
12     }
13 
14     public class Student
15     {
16         //前台要引用的方法
17         public string GetName()
18         {
19             return "一线码农";
20         }
21     }
22 }

 

四:wpf中的验证

    我们知道不管在什么体系架构中都有属于自己的一套验证体系,比如webform中的验证控件,mvc中的特性验证,当然wpf也是有的,为了

验证的灵活性,实际开发中我们用的比较多的还是”自定义验证“,其实只需要实现ValidationRule接口就行了,然后写上自定义的验证逻辑。

 1 <Window x:Class="WpfApplication4.MainWindow"
 2         xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
 3         xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
 4        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApplication4"
 5         Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
 6     <Window.Resources>
 7         <local:Student x:Key="student"/>
 8     </Window.Resources>
 9     <Grid>
10         <TextBlock Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="97,54,0,0" Name="textBlock1" Text="姓名" VerticalAlignment="Top" />
11         <TextBox DataContext="{StaticResource ResourceKey=student}" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="153,54,0,0" Name="textBox1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="120">
12             <TextBox.Text>
13                 <Binding Path="Name" UpdateSourceTrigger="PropertyChanged">
14                     <!-- 自定义的验证规格,当然可以是多个Check -->
15                     <Binding.ValidationRules>
16                         <local:NameCheck />
17                     </Binding.ValidationRules>
18                 </Binding>
19             </TextBox.Text>
20             <TextBox.ToolTip>
21                 <!--将当前的错误信息显示在tooltip上-->
22                 <Binding RelativeSource="{RelativeSource Self}"  Path="(Validation.Errors)[0].ErrorContent"/>
23             </TextBox.ToolTip>
24         </TextBox>
25     </Grid>
26 </Window>

 

 1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections.Generic;
 3 using System.Linq;
 4 using System.Text;
 5 using System.Windows;
 6 using System.Windows.Controls;
 7 using System.Windows.Data;
 8 using System.Windows.Documents;
 9 using System.Windows.Input;
10 using System.Windows.Media;
11 using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
12 using System.Windows.Navigation;
13 using System.Windows.Shapes;
14 
15 namespace WpfApplication4
16 {
17     /// <summary>
18     /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
19     /// </summary>
20     public partial class MainWindow : Window
21     {
22         public MainWindow()
23         {
24             InitializeComponent();
25         }
26     }
27 
28     public class NameCheck : ValidationRule
29     {
30         public override ValidationResult Validate(object value, System.Globalization.CultureInfo cultureInfo)
31         {
32             var name = Convert.ToString(value);
33 
34             //如果名字长度大于4则是非法
35             if (name.Length > 4)
36                 return new ValidationResult(false, "名字长度不能大于4个长度!");
37 
38             return ValidationResult.ValidResult;
39         }
40     }
41 
42     public class Student
43     {
44         public string Name { get; set; }
45 
46         public int Age { get; set; }
47     }
48 }

 

同样这里也需要注意的就是:

①   实现ValidationRule接口,重写Validate方法,其中的逻辑,你懂的。

1 public override ValidationResult Validate(object value, System.Globalization.CultureInfo cultureInfo)

② 然后我们在需要验证的控件上追加Rule验证, 其中的UpdateSourceTrigger设定为字段改变时触发,当然可选值有很多...

1   <TextBox.Text>
2                 <Binding Path="Name" UpdateSourceTrigger="PropertyChanged">
3                     <!-- 自定义的验证规格,当然可以是多个Check -->
4                     <Binding.ValidationRules>
5                         <local:NameCheck />
6                     </Binding.ValidationRules>
7                 </Binding>
8             </TextBox.Text>

③ 最后要将实体写入到验证控件的DataContext上,最后大功告成。

1   <TextBox DataContext="{StaticResource ResourceKey=student}" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="153,54,0,0" Name="textBox1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="120">
posted @ 2012-06-30 23:25  一线码农  阅读(19981)  评论(11编辑  收藏  举报