基于verilog状态机的交通灯演示

设计要求：设计一个简易的交通灯（系统时钟1hz共阴极）。南北方向为主干道（L3~L1),绿灯时间为29s；东西方向为次干道（L6~L4),绿灯时间为19s；在一个方向从红灯转绿灯前3s，另一个方向黄灯亮3s。

                      S1      S2     S3     S4     S1
  主干道           红灯    红灯    绿灯   黄灯   红灯
 次干道            绿灯    黄灯    红灯   红灯   绿灯
                     19S     3S     29S    3S   19S

module traffic(clk,rst_n,led);
input clk;
input rst_n;
output [5:0] led;

reg [5:0] led;
reg [4:0] time_left;
reg [1:0] state;

parameter [1:0] S1 = 2'b00,
                S2 = 2'b01,
        S3 = 2'b11,
        S4 = 2'b10;
        
    clk_div CD(
        .clk(clk), 
        .clkout(clkout)
            ); //分频模块    
    always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)
    begin
          if(!rst_n)
      begin
              state <= S1;
          time_left <= 5'd18;
          led <= 6'b100_001;
      end
      else
      begin
          
              case(state)
              S1:begin    
               if(clkout)
                           begin        
                            if(time_left==0)
                begin
                       
                              state <= S2;
                   time_left <= 5'd2;
                  led <= 6'b100_010; 
                 
                end
                else
                begin
                                state <= S1;
                time_left <= time_left-1'b1;
                led <= 6'b100_001;
                end
                 end
              end
              S2:begin
               if(clkout)
                                            begin
                            if(time_left==0)
                begin
                      
                               state <= S3;
                   time_left <= 5'd28;
                  led <= 6'b001_100; 
                end
               
                else
                begin
                                state <= S2;
                time_left <= time_left-1'b1;
                led <= 6'b100_010;
                end
                 end
              end
              S3:begin
              if(clkout)
                                   begin
                            if(time_left==0)
                begin
                     
                               state <= S4;
                   time_left <= 5'd2;
                  led <= 6'b010_100; 
                end
              
                else
                begin
                                state <= S3;
                time_left <= time_left-1'b1;
                led <= 6'b001_100;
                end
                  end
              end
              S4:begin
               if(clkout)
                                  begin
                            if(time_left==0)
                begin
                    
                               state <= S1;
                   time_left <= 5'd18;
                  led <= 6'b100_001; 
                end
              
                else
                begin
                                state <= S4;
                time_left <= time_left-1'b1;
                led <= 6'b010_100;
                end
                  end
              end
          endcase
      end
      
    end
    endmodule

`timescale 1ns / 1ps
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Company: 
// Engineer: 
// 
// Create Date: 2017/05/10 14:42:14
// Design Name: 
// Module Name: clk_div
// Project Name: 
// Target Devices: 
// Tool Versions: 
// Description: 
// 
// Dependencies: 
// 
// Revision:
// Revision 0.01 - File Created
// Additional Comments:
// 
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


module clk_div(
clk, clkout
    ); //分频模块
input clk;  
        
output clkout;  
    
 reg clkout; 
reg [31:0] cnt;
always @(posedge clk) 
  
begin //板子时钟为100MHZ，
if(cnt == 32'd9999_9999)
begin  
clkout <= 1'b1; 
cnt <= 32'b0;
end  
else 
begin  
clkout <= 1'b0;
cnt <= cnt + 32'd1; 
end 
end 


endmodule

而且这里采用全局时钟方式，分频后的时钟作为使能端控制数据传输。经在xilinx的xc7a100板子上验证与预想结果完全相同，设计成功。