题目

给出一个有n个整数的数组S,在S中找到三个整数a, b, c,找到所有使得a + b + c = 0的三元组。

样例

如S = {-1 0 1 2 -1 -4}, 你需要返回的三元组集合的是:

(-1, 0, 1)

(-1, -1, 2)

注意

在三元组(a, b, c),要求a <= b <= c。

结果不能包含重复的三元组。

解题:

法一:直接暴力,时间复杂度是O(N3)

public class Solution {
    /**
     * @param numbers : Give an array numbers of n integer
     * @return : Find all unique triplets in the array which gives the sum of zero.
     */
    public ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> threeSum(int[] numbers) {
        // write your code here
        
        ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>  result = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
        if(numbers == null || numbers.length<3)
            return result;
        for(int i = 0;i< numbers.length - 2 ; i++){
            ArrayList<Integer> path = new ArrayList<Integer>();
            for(int j = i+1;j < numbers.length - 1 ; j++){
                for(int k = j+ 1 ; k < numbers.length ; k++)
                    if(numbers[i] + numbers[j] + numbers[k] == 0 ){
                        path = sort3(numbers[i],numbers[j],numbers[k]);
                        if(result.contains(path)==false)
                            result.add(path);
                    }
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
    public ArrayList<Integer> sort3(int a,int b,int c){
        ArrayList<Integer> path = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        if(a>b){
            int tmp = a;
            a = b;
            b = tmp;
        }
        if(c<=a){
            path.add(c);
            path.add(a);
            path.add(b);
        }else if(c>=b){
            path.add(a);
            path.add(b);
            path.add(c);
        }else{
            path.add(a);
            path.add(c);
            path.add(b);
        }
        return path;
        
    }
    
}
Java Code

在运行到94%的测试数据的时候WA,下面答案只是第三个和第二个的顺序不一样,怎么能就算错了?

法二:

将原数组存放中ArrayList中,通过判断 -(nums[i]+nums[j]) 是否在ArrayList中,少了第三个for循环,时间复杂度O(N2)增加了空间发杂度O(N)

public class Solution {
    /**
     * @param numbers : Give an array numbers of n integer
     * @return : Find all unique triplets in the array which gives the sum of zero.
     */
    public ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> threeSum(int[] numbers) {
        // write your code here
        ArrayList<Integer> path = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>  result = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
        if(numbers == null || numbers.length<3)
            return result;
        ArrayList<Integer> nums = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        for(int i = 0 ;i < numbers.length ; i++)
            nums.add(numbers[i]);
        for(int i = 0;i< nums.size() - 2;i++){
            for(int j = i+ 1; j<nums.size() -1;j++){
                int sum = -((Integer)nums.get(i) + (Integer)nums.get(j));
                if(nums.contains(sum) && nums.indexOf(sum) !=j && nums.indexOf(sum) !=i){
                    path = sort3(sum,nums.get(i),nums.get(j));
                    if(result.contains(path)==false)
                        result.add(path);
                }
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
    public ArrayList<Integer> sort3(int a,int b,int c){
        ArrayList<Integer> path = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        if(a>b){
            int tmp = a;
            a = b;
            b = tmp;
        }
        if(c<=a){
            path.add(c);
            path.add(a);
            path.add(b);
        }else if(c>=b){
            path.add(a);
            path.add(b);
            path.add(c);
        }else{
            path.add(a);
            path.add(c);
            path.add(b);
        }
        return path;
        
    }
    
}
Java Code

但是运行还是出现上面的情况

法三:

三个数的和基础还是两个数的和两个数的和||,a+b+c = 0,等价于a+b = -c,这样就和两个数的和|| 很类似,当然也可以参考两个数的和I求解。

先对数组排序,排序后的数组,定义其实节点i,然后对i+1 到len内的所有节点进行两端遍历,这里利用二分查找的思想,

设两端的两个下标是left 和right ,显然 sum=nums[i] + nums[left] + nums[right] >0时候 ,right--,小于0的时候left++,等于0的时候就是答案。时间复杂度O(NlogN)

public class Solution {
    /**
     * @param numbers : Give an array numbers of n integer
     * @return : Find all unique triplets in the array which gives the sum of zero.
     */
    public ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> threeSum(int[] numbers) {
        // write your code here
        
        ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>  result = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
        if(numbers == null || numbers.length<3)
            return result;
        Arrays.sort(numbers);
        for(int i = 0;i<numbers.length; i++){
            int left = i+ 1;
            int right = numbers.length - 1;
            while(left < right){
                int sum = numbers[i] + numbers[left] + numbers[right];
                ArrayList<Integer> path = new ArrayList<Integer>();
                if(sum==0){
                    path.add(numbers[i]);
                    path.add(numbers[left]);
                    path.add(numbers[right]);
                    if(result.contains(path)==false)
                        result.add(path);
                    left++;
                    right--;
                }else if(sum>0){
                    right--;
                }else{
                    left++;
                }
            }
        }
       
        return result;
    }
    
}
Java Code

总耗时: 1094 ms

class Solution:
    """
    @param numbersbers : Give an array numbersbers of n integer
    @return : Find all unique triplets in the array which gives the sum of zero.
    """
    def threeSum(self, numbers):
        # write your code here
        result = []
        if numbers == None or len(numbers) < 3:
            return result
        numbers.sort()
        numlen = len(numbers)
        for i in range(numlen):
            left = i + 1
            right = numlen - 1
            while left < right:
                sum = numbers[i] + numbers[left] + numbers[right]
                if sum==0:
                    path = [numbers[i],numbers[left],numbers[right]]
                    if path not in result:
                        result.append(path)
                    left +=1
                    right -=1
                elif sum>0:
                    right -=1
                else:
                    left +=1
            
        return result 
Python Code

总耗时: 195 ms