php-fpm 配置
实践：
2、
任务：配置多端口的php-fpm
1、进入配置目录，同php.ini目录
[lighthouse@VM-4-12-centos etc]$ nl php-fpm.conf
1 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
2 ; FPM Configuration ;
3 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
4 ; All relative paths in this configuration file are relative to PHP's install
5 ; prefix (/www/server/php/72). This prefix can be dynamically changed by using the
6 ; '-p' argument from the command line.
7 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
8 ; Global Options ;
9 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
10 [global]
11 ; Pid file
12 ; Note: the default prefix is /www/server/php/72/var
13 ; Default Value: none
14 ;pid = run/php-fpm.pid
15 ; Error log file
16 ; If it's set to "syslog", log is sent to syslogd instead of being written
17 ; into a local file.
18 ; Note: the default prefix is /www/server/php/72/var
19 ; Default Value: log/php-fpm.log
20 ;error_log = log/php-fpm.log
21 ; syslog_facility is used to specify what type of program is logging the
22 ; message. This lets syslogd specify that messages from different facilities
23 ; will be handled differently.
24 ; See syslog(3) for possible values (ex daemon equiv LOG_DAEMON)
25 ; Default Value: daemon
26 ;syslog.facility = daemon
27 ; syslog_ident is prepended to every message. If you have multiple FPM
28 ; instances running on the same server, you can change the default value
29 ; which must suit common needs.
30 ; Default Value: php-fpm
31 ;syslog.ident = php-fpm
32 ; Log level
33 ; Possible Values: alert, error, warning, notice, debug
34 ; Default Value: notice
35 ;log_level = notice
36 ; If this number of child processes exit with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS within the time
37 ; interval set by emergency_restart_interval then FPM will restart. A value
38 ; of '0' means 'Off'.
39 ; Default Value: 0
40 ;emergency_restart_threshold = 0
41 ; Interval of time used by emergency_restart_interval to determine when
42 ; a graceful restart will be initiated. This can be useful to work around
43 ; accidental corruptions in an accelerator's shared memory.
44 ; Available Units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
45 ; Default Unit: seconds
46 ; Default Value: 0
47 ;emergency_restart_interval = 0
48 ; Time limit for child processes to wait for a reaction on signals from master.
49 ; Available units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
50 ; Default Unit: seconds
51 ; Default Value: 0
52 ;process_control_timeout = 0
53 ; The maximum number of processes FPM will fork. This has been designed to control
54 ; the global number of processes when using dynamic PM within a lot of pools.
55 ; Use it with caution.
56 ; Note: A value of 0 indicates no limit
57 ; Default Value: 0
58 ; process.max = 128
59 ; Specify the nice(2) priority to apply to the master process (only if set)
60 ; The value can vary from -19 (highest priority) to 20 (lowest priority)
61 ; Note: - It will only work if the FPM master process is launched as root
62 ; - The pool process will inherit the master process priority
63 ; unless specified otherwise
64 ; Default Value: no set
65 ; process.priority = -19
66 ; Send FPM to background. Set to 'no' to keep FPM in foreground for debugging.
67 ; Default Value: yes
68 ;daemonize = yes
69 ; Set open file descriptor rlimit for the master process.
70 ; Default Value: system defined value
71 ;rlimit_files = 1024
72 ; Set max core size rlimit for the master process.
73 ; Possible Values: 'unlimited' or an integer greater or equal to 0
74 ; Default Value: system defined value
75 ;rlimit_core = 0
76 ; Specify the event mechanism FPM will use. The following is available:
77 ; - select (any POSIX os)
78 ; - poll (any POSIX os)
79 ; - epoll (linux >= 2.5.44)
80 ; - kqueue (FreeBSD >= 4.1, OpenBSD >= 2.9, NetBSD >= 2.0)
81 ; - /dev/poll (Solaris >= 7)
82 ; - port (Solaris >= 10)
83 ; Default Value: not set (auto detection)
84 ;events.mechanism = epoll
85 ; When FPM is built with systemd integration, specify the interval,
86 ; in seconds, between health report notification to systemd.
87 ; Set to 0 to disable.
88 ; Available Units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours)
89 ; Default Unit: seconds
90 ; Default value: 10
91 ;systemd_interval = 10
92 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
93 ; Pool Definitions ;
94 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
95 ; Multiple pools of child processes may be started with different listening
96 ; ports and different management options. The name of the pool will be
97 ; used in logs and stats. There is no limitation on the number of pools which
98 ; FPM can handle. Your system will tell you anyway :)
99 ; Include one or more files. If glob(3) exists, it is used to include a bunch of
100 ; files from a glob(3) pattern. This directive can be used everywhere in the
101 ; file.
102 ; Relative path can also be used. They will be prefixed by:
103 ; - the global prefix if it's been set (-p argument)
104 ; - /www/server/php/72 otherwise
105 include=/www/server/php/72/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf
注意最后一行105行
[lighthouse@VM-4-12-centos etc]$ tree php-fpm.d/
php-fpm.d/
├── dzq.app.com-fpm.conf
├── www.conf.default
└── z.app.com-fpm.conf
[lighthouse@VM-4-12-centos php-fpm.d]$ nl dzq.app.com-fpm.conf
1 ; Start a new pool named 'www'.
2 ; the variable $pool can be used in any directive and will be replaced by the
3 ; pool name ('www' here)
4 [dzq.app.com]
23 ; The address on which to accept FastCGI requests.
24 ; Valid syntaxes are:
25 ; 'ip.add.re.ss:port' - to listen on a TCP socket to a specific IPv4 address on
26 ; a specific port;
27 ; '[ip:6:addr:ess]:port' - to listen on a TCP socket to a specific IPv6 address on
28 ; a specific port;
29 ; 'port' - to listen on a TCP socket to all addresses
30 ; (IPv6 and IPv4-mapped) on a specific port;
31 ; '/path/to/unix/socket' - to listen on a unix socket.
32 ; Note: This value is mandatory.
33 listen = 127.0.0.1:19000
2、nginx
不同端口，做相应的fastcgi_pass配置
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:19000;
# fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi-72.sock;
include fastcgi.conf;
# 传递脚本文件请求的路径;
# SCRIPT_FILENAME变量是php-fpm可识别的脚本名称;对应的$fastcgi_script_name变量是Nginx定义的脚本名称. $document_root变量是Nginx配置的根目录即root 指定的路径.本文配置当中可理解为,document_root= /usr/share/nginx/wordpress
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
}
3、运行结果
[lighthouse@VM-4-12-centos php-fpm.d]$ ps -ef | grep fpm
lightho+ 9240 3349 0 00:57 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto fpm
root 32751 1 0 00:27 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/www/server/php/72/etc/php-fpm.conf)
www 32752 32751 0 00:27 ? 00:00:04 php-fpm: pool dzq.app.com
www 32753 32751 0 00:27 ? 00:00:04 php-fpm: pool dzq.app.com
www 32754 32751 0 00:27 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool z.app.com
www 32755 32751 0 00:27 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool z.app.com
[lighthouse@VM-4-12-centos php-fpm.d]$
1、
fastcgi.conf
PHP-FPM 使用
PHP-FPM
是在 Linux 环境下用来管理调度 PHP 执行的调度器，源码安装时会自动安装，PHP 安装可参考Centos 下安装 PHP （新）
查看版本
# php-fpm -v
启动
# php-fpm -c php.ini -y php-fpm.conf
重启
# php-fpm restart
或
# kill -USR2 `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`
扩展
# /etc/init.d/php-fpm { start/stop/restart/reload... }
或
# /service php-fpm { start/stop/restart/reload... }
service 命令就是调用 /etc/init.d 目录下的脚本文件，这种方式其实就是对 kill 方式的一种封装
信号
| 信号 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| INT | 立即终止 |
| QUIT | 平滑终止 |
| USR1 | 重新打开日志文件 |
| USR2 | 重启（平滑重载所有 worker 进程并重新载入配置和二进制模块） |
如何在同一台主机下运行多个 php 配置监听多个端口
场景有 wwwroot/a.com 和 wwwroot/b.com，a.com 使用 9001 端口，b.com 使用 9002 端口。方法是
- 建立多个配置文件
# cd /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d
# cp www.conf a.com.conf
# vi a.com.conf
修改进程池名，重名的话后面载入的配置会覆盖掉同名的
[www] 修改为 [a.com]
修改使用的用户名和组
user = nginx(与 nginx.con 相同)
group = nginx
修改侦听
listen = 127.0.0.1:9001
按相同方式，再复制出一个 b.com.conf
- 命令方式载入多个配置
# /etc/init.d/php-fpm restart --config-php /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/a.com.conf
# /etc/init.d/php-fpm restart --config-php /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/b.com.conf
查看一下
# ps aux|grep php-fpm
输出
# root 24425 0.0 0.1 151364 4892 ? Ss 14:14 0:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf)
# nginx 24426 0.0 0.1 151348 4448 ? S 14:14 0:00 php-fpm: pool a.com
# nginx 24427 0.0 0.1 151348 4448 ? S 14:14 0:00 php-fpm: pool a.com
# nginx 24428 0.0 0.1 151348 5380 ? S 14:14 0:00 php-fpm: pool b.com
# nginx 24429 0.0 0.1 151348 5380 ? S 14:14 0:00 php-fpm: pool b.com
# nginx 24430 0.0 0.1 151348 5380 ? S 14:14 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
# nginx 24431 0.0 0.1 151348 5380 ? S 14:14 0:00 php-fpm: pool www
# root 24433 0.0 0.0 112712 968 pts/0 S+ 14:17 0:00 grep --color=auto php-fpm
可以看到 pool 后面有三个地址，a.com、b.com是自建的两个配置，www 是 www.conf 默认的
参考
多个项目公用php的一个端口好还是一个项目使用一个php端口？
linux启动多个php-fpm
PHP-FPM多实例配置及nginx对应配置
[lighthouse@VM-4-12-centos etc]$ pwd
/www/server/php/72/etc
[lighthouse@VM-4-12-centos etc]$ ll -as
total 244
4 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Apr 22 00:07 .
4 drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 Apr 15 02:46 ..
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1272 Apr 15 00:34 pear.conf
72 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 71650 Apr 21 02:16 php-cli.ini
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 511 Apr 15 03:22 php-fpm.conf
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4483 Apr 15 00:33 php-fpm.conf.default
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 22 00:06 php-fpm.d
72 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72692 Apr 15 14:47 php.ini
72 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72024 Apr 15 00:57 php.iniBAK
[lighthouse@VM-4-12-centos etc]$
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; FPM Configuration ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; All relative paths in this configuration file are relative to PHP's install
; prefix (/www/server/php/72). This prefix can be dynamically changed by using the
; '-p' argument from the command line.
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Global Options ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
[global]
; Pid file
; Note: the default prefix is /www/server/php/72/var
; Default Value: none
;pid = run/php-fpm.pid
; Error log file
; If it's set to "syslog", log is sent to syslogd instead of being written
; into a local file.
; Note: the default prefix is /www/server/php/72/var
; Default Value: log/php-fpm.log
;error_log = log/php-fpm.log
; syslog_facility is used to specify what type of program is logging the
; message. This lets syslogd specify that messages from different facilities
; will be handled differently.
; See syslog(3) for possible values (ex daemon equiv LOG_DAEMON)
; Default Value: daemon
;syslog.facility = daemon
; syslog_ident is prepended to every message. If you have multiple FPM
; instances running on the same server, you can change the default value
; which must suit common needs.
; Default Value: php-fpm
;syslog.ident = php-fpm
; Log level
; Possible Values: alert, error, warning, notice, debug
; Default Value: notice
;log_level = notice
; If this number of child processes exit with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS within the time
; interval set by emergency_restart_interval then FPM will restart. A value
; of '0' means 'Off'.
; Default Value: 0
;emergency_restart_threshold = 0
; Interval of time used by emergency_restart_interval to determine when
; a graceful restart will be initiated. This can be useful to work around
; accidental corruptions in an accelerator's shared memory.
; Available Units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Unit: seconds
; Default Value: 0
;emergency_restart_interval = 0
; Time limit for child processes to wait for a reaction on signals from master.
; Available units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Unit: seconds
; Default Value: 0
;process_control_timeout = 0
; The maximum number of processes FPM will fork. This has been designed to control
; the global number of processes when using dynamic PM within a lot of pools.
; Use it with caution.
; Note: A value of 0 indicates no limit
; Default Value: 0
; process.max = 128
; Specify the nice(2) priority to apply to the master process (only if set)
; The value can vary from -19 (highest priority) to 20 (lowest priority)
; Note: - It will only work if the FPM master process is launched as root
; - The pool process will inherit the master process priority
; unless specified otherwise
; Default Value: no set
; process.priority = -19
; Send FPM to background. Set to 'no' to keep FPM in foreground for debugging.
; Default Value: yes
;daemonize = yes
; Set open file descriptor rlimit for the master process.
; Default Value: system defined value
;rlimit_files = 1024
; Set max core size rlimit for the master process.
; Possible Values: 'unlimited' or an integer greater or equal to 0
; Default Value: system defined value
;rlimit_core = 0
; Specify the event mechanism FPM will use. The following is available:
; - select (any POSIX os)
; - poll (any POSIX os)
; - epoll (linux >= 2.5.44)
; - kqueue (FreeBSD >= 4.1, OpenBSD >= 2.9, NetBSD >= 2.0)
; - /dev/poll (Solaris >= 7)
; - port (Solaris >= 10)
; Default Value: not set (auto detection)
;events.mechanism = epoll
; When FPM is built with systemd integration, specify the interval,
; in seconds, between health report notification to systemd.
; Set to 0 to disable.
; Available Units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours)
; Default Unit: seconds
; Default value: 10
;systemd_interval = 10
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Pool Definitions ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Multiple pools of child processes may be started with different listening
; ports and different management options. The name of the pool will be
; used in logs and stats. There is no limitation on the number of pools which
; FPM can handle. Your system will tell you anyway :)
; Include one or more files. If glob(3) exists, it is used to include a bunch of
; files from a glob(3) pattern. This directive can be used everywhere in the
; file.
; Relative path can also be used. They will be prefixed by:
; - the global prefix if it's been set (-p argument)
; - /www/server/php/72 otherwise
include=/www/server/php/72/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf
[lighthouse@VM-4-12-centos etc]$ cat php-fpm.conf.default
php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
nginx php-fpm 高并发优化 - 日记本的回忆 - 博客园 https://www.cnblogs.com/cocoliu/p/8566193.html
PHP-php-fpm配置优化
前言:
1.少安装PHP模块, 费内存
2.调高linux内核打开文件数量，可以使用这些命令(必须是root帐号)(我是修改/etc/rc.local，加入ulimit -SHn 51200的)
echo `ulimit -HSn 65536` >> /etc/profile echo `ulimit -HSn 65536` >> /etc/rc.local source /etc/profile
如果`ulimit -n`数量依旧不多(即上面配置没生效)的话, 可以在 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件最后加上
* soft nofile 51200 * hard nofile 51200
1.与Nginx使用Unix域Socket通信(Nginx和php-fpm在同一台服务器)
Unix域Socket因为不走网络，的确可以提高Nginx和php-fpm通信的性能，但在高并发时会不稳定。
Nginx会频繁报错：connect() to unix:/dev/shm/php-fcgi.sock failed (11: Resource temporarily unavailable) while connecting to upstream
可以通过下面两种方式提高稳定性：
1）调高nginx和php-fpm中的backlog
配置方法为：在nginx配置文件中这个域名的server下，在listen 80后面添加default backlog=1024。
同时配置php-fpm.conf中的listen.backlog为1024，默认为128。
2）增加sock文件和php-fpm实例数
再新建一个sock文件，在Nginx中通过upstream模块将请求负载均衡到两个sock文件背后的两套php-fpm实例上。
2.php-fpm参数调优
pm = dynamic; 表示使用哪种进程数量管理方式
dynamic表示php-fpm进程数是动态的，最开始是pm.start_servers指定的数量，如果请求较多，则会自动增加，保证空闲的进程数不小于pm.min_spare_servers，如果进程数较多，也会进行相应清理，保证多余的进程数不多于pm.max_spare_servers
static表示php-fpm进程数是静态的, 进程数自始至终都是pm.max_children指定的数量，不再增加或减少
pm.max_children = 300; 静态方式下开启的php-fpm进程数量
pm.start_servers = 20; 动态方式下的起始php-fpm进程数量
pm.min_spare_servers = 5; 动态方式下的最小php-fpm进程数量
pm.max_spare_servers = 35; 动态方式下的最大php-fpm进程数量
如果pm为static, 那么其实只有pm.max_children这个参数生效。系统会开启设置数量的php-fpm进程
如果pm为dynamic, 那么pm.max_children参数失效，后面3个参数生效。系统会在php-fpm运行开始的时候启动pm.start_servers个php-fpm进程，然后根据系统的需求动态在pm.min_spare_servers和pm.max_spare_servers之间调整php-fpm进程数
那么，对于我们的服务器，选择哪种pm方式比较好呢？事实上，跟Apache一样，运行的PHP程序在执行完成后，或多或少会有内存泄露的问题。这也是为什么开始的时候一个php-fpm进程只占用3M左右内存，运行一段时间后就会上升到20-30M的原因了。
对于内存大的服务器（比如8G以上）来说，指定静态的max_children实际上更为妥当，因为这样不需要进行额外的进程数目控制，会提高效率。因为频繁开关php-fpm进程也会有时滞，所以内存够大的情况下开静态效果会更好。数量也可以根据 内存/30M 得到，比如8GB内存可以设置为100，那么php-fpm耗费的内存就能控制在 2G-3G的样子。如果内存稍微小点，比如1G，那么指定静态的进程数量更加有利于服务器的稳定。这样可以保证php-fpm只获取够用的内存，将不多的内存分配给其他应用去使用，会使系统的运行更加畅通。
对于小内存的服务器来说，比如256M内存的VPS，即使按照一个20M的内存量来算，10个php-cgi进程就将耗掉200M内存，那系统的崩溃就应该很正常了。因此应该尽量地控制php-fpm进程的数量，大体明确其他应用占用的内存后，给它指定一个静态的小数量，会让系统更加平稳一些。或者使用动态方式，因为动态方式会结束掉多余的进程，可以回收释放一些内存，所以推荐在内存较少的服务器或VPS上使用。具体最大数量根据 内存/20M 得到。比如说512M的VPS，建议pm.max_spare_servers设置为20。至于pm.min_spare_servers，则建议根据服务器的负载情况来设置，比较合适的值在5~10之间。
在4G内存的服务器上200就可以(我的1G测试机，开64个是最好的，建议使用压力测试获取最佳值)
pm.max_requests = 10240;
nginx php-fpm配置过程中最大问题是内泄漏出问题：服务器的负载不大，但是内存占用迅速增加，很快吃掉内存接着开始吃交换分区，系统很快挂掉！其实根据官方的介绍，php-cgi不存在内存泄漏，每个请求完成后php-cgi会回收内存，但是不会释放给操作系统，这样就会导致大量内存被php-cgi占用。
官方的解决办法是降低PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS的值，如果用的是php-fpm，对应的php-fpm.conf中的就是max_requests，该值的意思是发送多少个请求后会重启该线程，我们需要适当降低这个值，用以让php-fpm自动的释放内存，不是大部分网上说的51200等等，实际上还有另一个跟它有关联的值max_children，这个是每次php-fpm会建立多少个进程，这样实际上的内存消耗是max_children*max_requests*每个请求使用内存，根据这个我们可以预估一下内存的使用情况，就不用再写脚本去kill了。
request_terminate_timeout = 30;
最大执行时间, 在php.ini中也可以进行配置(max_execution_time)
request_slowlog_timeout = 2; 开启慢日志
slowlog = log/$pool.log.slow; 慢日志路径
rlimit_files = 1024; 增加php-fpm打开文件描述符的限制
3.php-fpm的高CPU使用率排查方法
1)使用top命令, 直接执行top命令后，输入1就可以看到各个核心的CPU使用率。而且通过top -d 0.1可以缩短采样时间
2)查询php-fpm慢日志
grep -v "^$" www.log.slow.tmp | cut -d " " -f 3,2 | sort | uniq -c | sort -k1,1nr | head -n 50
5181 run() /www/test.net/framework/web/filters/CFilter.php:41 5156 filter() /www/test.net/framework/web/filters/CFilterChain.php:131 2670 = /www/test.net/index.php 2636 run() /www/test.net/application/controllers/survey/index.php:665 2630 action() /www/test.net/application/controllers/survey/index.php:18 2625 run() /www/test.net/framework/web/actions/CAction.php:75 2605 runWithParams() /www/test.net/framework/web/CController.php:309 2604 runAction() /www/test.net/framework/web/filters/CFilterChain.php:134 2538 run() /www/test.net/framework/web/CController.php:292 2484 runActionWithFilters() /www/test.net/framework/web/CController.php:266 2251 run() /www/test.net/framework/web/CWebApplication.php:276 1799 translate() /www/test.net/application/libraries/Limesurvey_lang.php:118 1786 load_tables() /www/test.net/application/third_party/php-gettext/gettext.php:254 1447 runController() /www/test.net/framework/web/CWebApplication.php:135
参数解释:
sort: 对单词进行排序
uniq -c: 显示唯一的行，并在每行行首加上本行在文件中出现的次数
sort -k1,1nr: 按照第一个字段，数值排序，且为逆序
head -10: 取前10行数据
3)用strace跟踪进程
a)利用nohup将strace转为后台执行，直到attach上的php-fpm进程死掉为止：
nohup strace -T -p 13167 > 13167-strace.log &
参数说明:
-c 统计每一系统调用的所执行的时间,次数和出错的次数等.
-d 输出strace关于标准错误的调试信息.
-f 跟踪由fork调用所产生的子进程.
-o filename,则所有进程的跟踪结果输出到相应的filename
-F 尝试跟踪vfork调用.在-f时,vfork不被跟踪.
-h 输出简要的帮助信息.
-i 输出系统调用的入口指针.
-q 禁止输出关于脱离的消息.
-r 打印出相对时间关于,,每一个系统调用.
-t 在输出中的每一行前加上时间信息.
-tt 在输出中的每一行前加上时间信息,微秒级.
-ttt 微秒级输出,以秒了表示时间.
-T 显示每一调用所耗的时间.
-v 输出所有的系统调用.一些调用关于环境变量,状态,输入输出等调用由于使用频繁,默认不输出.
-V 输出strace的版本信息.
-x 以十六进制形式输出非标准字符串
-xx 所有字符串以十六进制形式输出.
-a column
设置返回值的输出位置.默认为40.
-e execve 只记录 execve 这类系统调用
-p 主进程号
b)用利用-c参数让strace帮助汇总，非常方便非常强大！
[root@b28-12 log]# strace -cp 9907 Process 9907 attached - interrupt to quit Process 9907 detached % time seconds usecs/call calls errors syscall ------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------------- 56.61 0.016612 5 3121 read 11.11 0.003259 1 2517 715 stat 8.04 0.002358 7 349 brk 6.02 0.001767 1 1315 poll 4.28 0.001255 6 228 recvfrom 2.71 0.000796 1 671 open 2.54 0.000745 0 2453 fcntl 2.37 0.000696 1 1141 write 1.69 0.000497 1 593 13 access 1.37 0.000403 0 1816 lseek 0.89 0.000262 1 451 22 sendto 0.56 0.000163 1 276 208 lstat 0.49 0.000145 0 384 getcwd 0.31 0.000090 0 1222 fstat 0.28 0.000082 0 173 munmap 0.26 0.000077 0 174 mmap 0.24 0.000069 2 41 socket 0.23 0.000068 0 725 close 0.00 0.000000 0 13 rt_sigaction 0.00 0.000000 0 13 rt_sigprocmask 0.00 0.000000 0 1 rt_sigreturn 0.00 0.000000 0 78 setitimer 0.00 0.000000 0 26 26 connect 0.00 0.000000 0 15 2 accept 0.00 0.000000 0 39 recvmsg 0.00 0.000000 0 26 shutdown 0.00 0.000000 0 13 bind 0.00 0.000000 0 13 getsockname 0.00 0.000000 0 65 setsockopt 0.00 0.000000 0 13 getsockopt 0.00 0.000000 0 8 getdents 0.00 0.000000 0 26 chdir 0.00 0.000000 0 1 futex ------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------------- 100.00 0.029344 18000 986 total
4.使用Opcode缓存(http://www.cnblogs.com/JohnABC/p/4531038.html)
5.对PHP性能进行监控
xdebug.auto_trace = on
xdebug.auto_profile = on
xdebug.collect_params = on
xdebug.collect_return = on
xdebug.profiler_enable = on
xdebug.trace_output_dir = "/tmp"
xdebug.profiler_output_dir ="/tmp"
6.监测php-fpm线程状态
nginx配置
location ~ ^/status$ {
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $fastcgi_script_name;
}
php-fpm配置
pm.status_path = /status
这样的话通过http://域名/status就可以看到当前的php情况
下面介绍每个参数的作用：
pool：php-fpm池的名称，一般都是应该是www
process manage：进程的管理方法，php-fpm支持三种管理方法，分别是static,dynamic和ondemand，一般情况下都是dynamic
start time：php-fpm启动时候的时间，不管是restart或者reload都会更新这里的时间
start since：php-fpm自启动起来经过的时间，默认为秒
accepted conn：当前接收的连接数
listen queue：在队列中等待连接的请求个数，如果这个数字为非0，那么最好增加进程的fpm个数
max listen queue：从fpm启动以来，在队列中等待连接请求的最大值
listen queue len：等待连接的套接字队列大小
idle processes：空闲的进程个数
active processes：活动的进程个数
total processes：总共的进程个数
max active processes：从fpm启动以来，活动进程的最大个数，如果这个值小于当前的max_children，可以调小此值
max children reached：当pm尝试启动更多的进程，却因为max_children的限制，没有启动更多进程的次数。如果这个值非0，那么可以适当增加fpm的进程数
slow requests：慢请求的次数，一般如果这个值未非0，那么可能会有慢的php进程，一般一个不好的mysql查询是最大的祸首。
7.开启php-fpm慢日志
slowlog = /usr/local/php/log/php-fpm.log.slow
request_slowlog_timeout = 5s
8.设置php-fpm单次请求最大执行时间，今天碰到一个问题，测试服务器php-fpm一直是被占满状态，后来发现是set_time_limit(0)，file_get_content()，原因如下:
比如file_get_contents(url)等函数，如果网站反应慢，会一直等在那儿不超时，php-fpm一直被占用。有一个参数 max_execution_time 可以设置 PHP 脚本的最大执行时间，但是，在 php-cgi(php-fpm) 中，该参数不会起效。真正能够控制 PHP 脚本最大执行时间的是 php-fpm.conf 配置文件中的以下参数。
request_terminate_timeout = 10s
默认值为 0 秒，也就是说，PHP 脚本会一直执行下去。这样，当所有的 php-cgi 进程都卡在 file_get_contents() 函数时，这台 Nginx+PHP 的 WebServer 已经无法再处理新的 PHP 请求了，Nginx 将给用户返回“502 Bad Gateway”。可以使用 request_terminate_timeout = 30s，但是如果发生 file_get_contents() 获取网页内容较慢的情况，这就意味着 150 个 php-cgi 进程，每秒钟只能处理 5 个请求，WebServer 同样很难避免“502 Bad Gateway”。php-cgi进程数不够用、php执行时间长、或者是php-cgi进程死掉，都会出现502错误。
要做到彻底解决，只能让 PHP 程序员们改掉直接使用 file_get_contents("http://example.com/") 的习惯，而是稍微修改一下，加个超时时间，用以下方式来实现 HTTP GET 请求。要是觉得麻烦，可以自行将以下代码封装成一个函数。
<?php
$ctx = stream_context_create(array(
'http' => array(
'timeout' => 1 //设置一个超时时间，单位为秒
)
)
);
file_get_contents("http://example.com/", 0, $ctx);
当然，导致 php-cgi 进程 CPU 100% 的原因不只有这一种，那么，怎么确定是 file_get_contents() 函数导致的呢？
首先，使用 top 命令查看 CPU 使用率较高的 php-cgi 进程。
top - 10:34:18 up 724 days, 21:01, 3 users, load average: 17.86, 11.16, 7.69 Tasks: 561 total, 15 running, 546 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 5.9%us, 4.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 89.4%id, 0.2%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.2%si, 0.0%st Mem: 8100996k total, 4320108k used, 3780888k free, 772572k buffers Swap: 8193108k total, 50776k used, 8142332k free, 412088k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 10747 www 18 0 360m 22m 12m R 100.6 0.3 0:02.60 php-cgi 10709 www 16 0 359m 28m 17m R 96.8 0.4 0:11.34 php-cgi 10745 www 18 0 360m 24m 14m R 94.8 0.3 0:39.51 php-cgi 10707 www 18 0 360m 25m 14m S 77.4 0.3 0:33.48 php-cgi 10782 www 20 0 360m 26m 15m R 75.5 0.3 0:10.93 php-cgi 10708 www 25 0 360m 22m 12m R 69.7 0.3 0:45.16 php-cgi 10683 www 25 0 362m 28m 15m R 54.2 0.4 0:32.65 php-cgi 10711 www 25 0 360m 25m 15m R 52.2 0.3 0:44.25 php-cgi 10688 www 25 0 359m 25m 15m R 38.7 0.3 0:10.44 php-cgi 10719 www 25 0 360m 26m 16m R 7.7 0.3 0:40.59 php-cgi
找其中一个 CPU 100% 的 php-cgi 进程的 PID，用以下命令跟踪一下：
strace -p 10747
如果屏幕显示：
select(7, [6], [6], [], {15, 0}) = 1 (out [6], left {15, 0})
poll([{fd=6, events=POLLIN}], 1, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
select(7, [6], [6], [], {15, 0}) = 1 (out [6], left {15, 0})
poll([{fd=6, events=POLLIN}], 1, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
select(7, [6], [6], [], {15, 0}) = 1 (out [6], left {15, 0})
poll([{fd=6, events=POLLIN}], 1, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
select(7, [6], [6], [], {15, 0}) = 1 (out [6], left {15, 0})
poll([{fd=6, events=POLLIN}], 1, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
select(7, [6], [6], [], {15, 0}) = 1 (out [6], left {15, 0})
poll([{fd=6, events=POLLIN}], 1, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
select(7, [6], [6], [], {15, 0}) = 1 (out [6], left {15, 0})
poll([{fd=6, events=POLLIN}], 1, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
select(7, [6], [6], [], {15, 0}) = 1 (out [6], left {15, 0})
poll([{fd=6, events=POLLIN}], 1, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
select(7, [6], [6], [], {15, 0}) = 1 (out [6], left {15, 0})
poll([{fd=6, events=POLLIN}], 1, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
select(7, [6], [6], [], {15, 0}) = 1 (out [6], left {15, 0})
poll([{fd=6, events=POLLIN}], 1, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
select(7, [6], [6], [], {15, 0}) = 1 (out [6], left {15, 0})
poll([{fd=6, events=POLLIN}], 1, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
那么，就可以确定是 file_get_contents() 导致的问题了。(参考:http://zyan.cc/tags/request_terminate_timeout/1/)
9.查看php-fpm启动时间(可以得出执行了多长时间)
ps -A -o pid,lstart,cmd |grep php-fpm
任务：配置多端口的php-fpm
1、进入配置目录，同php.ini目录[lighthouse@VM-4-12-centos etc]$ nl php-fpm.conf 1 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; 2 ; FPM Configuration ; 3 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
4 ; All relative paths in this configuration file are relative to PHP's install 5 ; prefix (/www/server/php/72). This prefix can be dynamically changed by using the 6 ; '-p' argument from the command line.
7 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; 8 ; Global Options ; 9 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
10 [global] 11 ; Pid file 12 ; Note: the default prefix is /www/server/php/72/var 13 ; Default Value: none 14 ;pid = run/php-fpm.pid
15 ; Error log file 16 ; If it's set to "syslog", log is sent to syslogd instead of being written 17 ; into a local file. 18 ; Note: the default prefix is /www/server/php/72/var 19 ; Default Value: log/php-fpm.log 20 ;error_log = log/php-fpm.log 21 ; syslog_facility is used to specify what type of program is logging the 22 ; message. This lets syslogd specify that messages from different facilities 23 ; will be handled differently. 24 ; See syslog(3) for possible values (ex daemon equiv LOG_DAEMON) 25 ; Default Value: daemon 26 ;syslog.facility = daemon
27 ; syslog_ident is prepended to every message. If you have multiple FPM 28 ; instances running on the same server, you can change the default value 29 ; which must suit common needs. 30 ; Default Value: php-fpm 31 ;syslog.ident = php-fpm
32 ; Log level 33 ; Possible Values: alert, error, warning, notice, debug 34 ; Default Value: notice 35 ;log_level = notice
36 ; If this number of child processes exit with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS within the time 37 ; interval set by emergency_restart_interval then FPM will restart. A value 38 ; of '0' means 'Off'. 39 ; Default Value: 0 40 ;emergency_restart_threshold = 0 41 ; Interval of time used by emergency_restart_interval to determine when 42 ; a graceful restart will be initiated. This can be useful to work around 43 ; accidental corruptions in an accelerator's shared memory. 44 ; Available Units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays) 45 ; Default Unit: seconds 46 ; Default Value: 0 47 ;emergency_restart_interval = 0
48 ; Time limit for child processes to wait for a reaction on signals from master. 49 ; Available units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays) 50 ; Default Unit: seconds 51 ; Default Value: 0 52 ;process_control_timeout = 0
53 ; The maximum number of processes FPM will fork. This has been designed to control 54 ; the global number of processes when using dynamic PM within a lot of pools. 55 ; Use it with caution. 56 ; Note: A value of 0 indicates no limit 57 ; Default Value: 0 58 ; process.max = 128
59 ; Specify the nice(2) priority to apply to the master process (only if set) 60 ; The value can vary from -19 (highest priority) to 20 (lowest priority) 61 ; Note: - It will only work if the FPM master process is launched as root 62 ; - The pool process will inherit the master process priority 63 ; unless specified otherwise 64 ; Default Value: no set 65 ; process.priority = -19
66 ; Send FPM to background. Set to 'no' to keep FPM in foreground for debugging. 67 ; Default Value: yes 68 ;daemonize = yes
69 ; Set open file descriptor rlimit for the master process. 70 ; Default Value: system defined value 71 ;rlimit_files = 1024
72 ; Set max core size rlimit for the master process. 73 ; Possible Values: 'unlimited' or an integer greater or equal to 0 74 ; Default Value: system defined value 75 ;rlimit_core = 0
76 ; Specify the event mechanism FPM will use. The following is available: 77 ; - select (any POSIX os) 78 ; - poll (any POSIX os) 79 ; - epoll (linux >= 2.5.44) 80 ; - kqueue (FreeBSD >= 4.1, OpenBSD >= 2.9, NetBSD >= 2.0) 81 ; - /dev/poll (Solaris >= 7) 82 ; - port (Solaris >= 10) 83 ; Default Value: not set (auto detection) 84 ;events.mechanism = epoll
85 ; When FPM is built with systemd integration, specify the interval, 86 ; in seconds, between health report notification to systemd. 87 ; Set to 0 to disable. 88 ; Available Units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours) 89 ; Default Unit: seconds 90 ; Default value: 10 91 ;systemd_interval = 10
92 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; 93 ; Pool Definitions ; 94 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
95 ; Multiple pools of child processes may be started with different listening 96 ; ports and different management options. The name of the pool will be 97 ; used in logs and stats. There is no limitation on the number of pools which 98 ; FPM can handle. Your system will tell you anyway :)
99 ; Include one or more files. If glob(3) exists, it is used to include a bunch of 100 ; files from a glob(3) pattern. This directive can be used everywhere in the 101 ; file. 102 ; Relative path can also be used. They will be prefixed by: 103 ; - the global prefix if it's been set (-p argument) 104 ; - /www/server/php/72 otherwise 105 include=/www/server/php/72/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf注意最后一行105行[lighthouse@VM-4-12-centos etc]$ tree php-fpm.d/php-fpm.d/├── dzq.app.com-fpm.conf├── www.conf.default└── z.app.com-fpm.conf
[lighthouse@VM-4-12-centos php-fpm.d]$ nl dzq.app.com-fpm.conf 1 ; Start a new pool named 'www'. 2 ; the variable $pool can be used in any directive and will be replaced by the 3 ; pool name ('www' here) 4 [dzq.app.com]
23 ; The address on which to accept FastCGI requests. 24 ; Valid syntaxes are: 25 ; 'ip.add.re.ss:port' - to listen on a TCP socket to a specific IPv4 address on 26 ; a specific port; 27 ; '[ip:6:addr:ess]:port' - to listen on a TCP socket to a specific IPv6 address on 28 ; a specific port; 29 ; 'port' - to listen on a TCP socket to all addresses 30 ; (IPv6 and IPv4-mapped) on a specific port; 31 ; '/path/to/unix/socket' - to listen on a unix socket. 32 ; Note: This value is mandatory. 33 listen = 127.0.0.1:19000
2、nginx不同端口，做相应的fastcgi_pass配置 location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:19000;
# fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi-72.sock; include fastcgi.conf;
# 传递脚本文件请求的路径; # SCRIPT_FILENAME变量是php-fpm可识别的脚本名称;对应的$fastcgi_script_name变量是Nginx定义的脚本名称. $document_root变量是Nginx配置的根目录即root 指定的路径.本文配置当中可理解为,document_root= /usr/share/nginx/wordpress fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; }
3、运行结果[lighthouse@VM-4-12-centos php-fpm.d]$ ps -ef | grep fpmlightho+ 9240 3349 0 00:57 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto fpmroot 32751 1 0 00:27 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/www/server/php/72/etc/php-fpm.conf)www 32752 32751 0 00:27 ? 00:00:04 php-fpm: pool dzq.app.comwww 32753 32751 0 00:27 ? 00:00:04 php-fpm: pool dzq.app.comwww 32754 32751 0 00:27 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool z.app.comwww 32755 32751 0 00:27 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool z.app.com[lighthouse@VM-4-12-centos php-fpm.d]$
