Go语言操作etcd

Go语言操作etcd

这里使用官方的etcd/clientv3包来连接etcd并进行相关操作。

安装

go get go.etcd.io/etcd/clientv3

报错处理:

// 在go.mod中添加这个两句话
replace github.com/coreos/bbolt v1.3.4 => go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.4
replace google.golang.org/grpc => google.golang.org/grpc v1.26.0

image-20210912105821052

put、del、get操作

put命令用来设置键值对数据，get命令用来根据key获取值。

package main
import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"go.etcd.io/etcd/clientv3"
	"time"
)
/*
@author RandySun
@create 2021-09-11-22:18
*/
func main() {
	cli, err := clientv3.New(clientv3.Config{
		Endpoints: []string{"127.0.0.1:2379"},
		DialTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
	})
	if err != nil{
		fmt.Printf("connect to etcd failed err: %#v", err)
	}
	fmt.Println("connect to etcd success")
	defer cli.Close()
	// 添加数据
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
	_, err = cli.Put(ctx, "name", "randySun")
	if err != nil{
		fmt.Printf("put to etcd failed, err: %#v", err)
	}
	cancel()

	
	// get 取数据
	ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
	resp, err := cli.Get(ctx, "name")
	cancel()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("get from etcd failed, err:%v\n", err)
		return
	}
	for _, ev := range resp.Kvs {
		fmt.Printf("%s:%s\n", ev.Key, ev.Value)
	}
	// del 取数据
	ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
	delResponse, err := cli.Delete(ctx, "name")
	cancel()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("del from etcd failed, err:%v\n", err)
		return
	}
	fmt.Println("delete count: ",delResponse.Deleted)
}

image-20210912104456112

watch操作

watch用来获取未来更改的通知。

package main

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"go.etcd.io/etcd/clientv3"
	"time"
)

/*
@author RandySun
@create 2021-09-12-10:21
*/

// watch: 监控etcd中的Key的变化(创建，更改，修改)
func main() {
	cli, err := clientv3.New(clientv3.Config{
		Endpoints: []string{"127.0.0.1:2379"},
		DialTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
	})

	if err  != nil{
		fmt.Printf("connect fo failed err: %#v", err)
	}
	defer cli.Close()
	// watch
	watchCh := cli.Watch(context.Background(), "name") // <-chan WatchResponse

	// 获取修改的指监控
	for wresp := range watchCh{
		for _, env := range wresp.Events{
			// 获取被修改的key
			fmt.Printf("type:%s key:%s value: %s\n", env.Type, env.Kv.Key, env.Kv.Value)

		}
	}

}

将上面的代码保存编译执行，此时程序就会等待etcd中name这个key的变化。

例如：我们打开终端执行以下命令修改、删除、设置name这个key。

$ ./etcdctl.exe --endpoints=http://127.0.0.1:2379 put name randysun

$ ./etcdctl.exe --endpoints=http://127.0.0.1:2379 del name randysun

$ ./etcdctl.exe --endpoints=http://127.0.0.1:2379 put name randysun

上面的程序都能收到如下通知。

type:PUT key:name value: randysun
type:DELETE key:name value: 
type:PUT key:name value: randysun

image-20210912105505718

lease租约

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"
)

// etcd lease

import (
	"context"
	"log"

	"go.etcd.io/etcd/clientv3"
)

func main() {
	cli, err := clientv3.New(clientv3.Config{
		Endpoints:   []string{"127.0.0.1:2379"},
		DialTimeout: time.Second * 5,
	})
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	fmt.Println("connect to etcd success.")
	defer cli.Close()

	// 创建一个5秒的租约
	resp, err := cli.Grant(context.TODO(), 5)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	// 5秒钟之后, /nazha/ 这个key就会被移除
	_, err = cli.Put(context.TODO(), "/nazha/", "dsb", clientv3.WithLease(resp.ID))
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
}

keepAlive

package main

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"time"

	"go.etcd.io/etcd/clientv3"
)

// etcd keepAlive

func main() {
	cli, err := clientv3.New(clientv3.Config{
		Endpoints:   []string{"127.0.0.1:2379"},
		DialTimeout: time.Second * 5,
	})
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	fmt.Println("connect to etcd success.")
	defer cli.Close()

	resp, err := cli.Grant(context.TODO(), 5)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	_, err = cli.Put(context.TODO(), "/nazha/", "dsb", clientv3.WithLease(resp.ID))
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	// the key 'foo' will be kept forever
	ch, kaerr := cli.KeepAlive(context.TODO(), resp.ID)
	if kaerr != nil {
		log.Fatal(kaerr)
	}
	for {
		ka := <-ch
		fmt.Println("ttl:", ka.TTL)
	}
}

基于etcd实现分布式锁

go.etcd.io/etcd/clientv3/concurrency在etcd之上实现并发操作，如分布式锁、屏障和选举。

导入该包：

import "go.etcd.io/etcd/clientv3/concurrency"

基于etcd实现的分布式锁示例：

cli, err := clientv3.New(clientv3.Config{Endpoints: endpoints})
if err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
}
defer cli.Close()

// 创建两个单独的会话用来演示锁竞争
s1, err := concurrency.NewSession(cli)
if err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
}
defer s1.Close()
m1 := concurrency.NewMutex(s1, "/my-lock/")

s2, err := concurrency.NewSession(cli)
if err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
}
defer s2.Close()
m2 := concurrency.NewMutex(s2, "/my-lock/")

// 会话s1获取锁
if err := m1.Lock(context.TODO()); err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Println("acquired lock for s1")

m2Locked := make(chan struct{})
go func() {
    defer close(m2Locked)
    // 等待直到会话s1释放了/my-lock/的锁
    if err := m2.Lock(context.TODO()); err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
}()

if err := m1.Unlock(context.TODO()); err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Println("released lock for s1")

<-m2Locked
fmt.Println("acquired lock for s2")

输出：

acquired lock for s1
released lock for s1
acquired lock for s2

查看文档了解更多

其他操作

其他操作请查看etcd/clientv3官方文档。

参考链接：

posted @ 2021-12-11 16:56  RandySun  阅读(491)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报