SpringBoot之thymeleaf模板引擎

4. thymeleaf模板引擎

4.1 引入thymeleaf

4.2 thymeleaf分析

我们先按照SpringBoot的自动配置原理看一下Thymeleaf的自动配置规则,按照这个规则,我们再进行使用。

找一下Thymeleaf的自动配置类:ThymeleafProperties

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
public class ThymeleafProperties {

   private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
   public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
   public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
   private boolean checkTemplate = true;
   private boolean checkTemplateLocation = true;
   private String prefix = DEFAULT_PREFIX;
   private String suffix = DEFAULT_SUFFIX;
   private String mode = "HTML";
   private Charset encoding = DEFAULT_ENCODING;
   private boolean cache = true;
    
    //......
}

可以在其中看到默认的前缀(prefix)和后缀(suffix)!

只需要把我们的html页面放在类路径下的templates目录下,thymeleaf就可以帮我们自动渲染了。

4.3 语法学习

学习thymeleaf语法,参考官网文档最为准确,Thymeleaf 官网:https://www.thymeleaf.org/ ,可以下载Thymeleaf的官方文档进行学习!

1、入门测试

1、测试请求,增加数据传输;

@RequestMapping("/thymeleaf")
public String test1(Model model){
    //存入数据
    model.addAttribute("msg","Hello,Thymeleaf");
    //classpath:/templates/test.html
    return "test";
}

2、我们要使用thymeleaf,需要在html文件中导入命名空间的约束,方便提示。

xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"

3、编写前端页面(classpath:/templates/test.html)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>dengzj</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>thymeleaf测试页面</h1>

<!-- th:text就是将div中的内容设置为它指定的值,和Vue一样-->
<div th:text="${msg}"></div>
</body>
</html>

启动测试,显示结果:

thymeleaf测试页面

Hello,Thymeleaf

2、语法使用

替换元素属性的值

thymeleaf表达式

Simple expressions:(表达式语法)
Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;
    1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法
    2)、使用内置的基本对象:#18
         #ctx : the context object.
         #vars: the context variables.
         #locale : the context locale.
         #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
         #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
         #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
         #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.

    3)、内置的一些工具对象:
      #execInfo : information about the template being processed.
      #uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
      #conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
      #dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
      #calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
      #numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
      #strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
      #objects : methods for objects in general.
      #bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
      #arrays : methods for arrays.
      #lists : methods for lists.
      #sets : methods for sets.
      #maps : methods for maps.
      #aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
==================================================================================

  Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样;
  Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容
  Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL;
  Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式

Literals(字面量)
      Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
      Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
      Boolean literals: true , false
      Null literal: null
      Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
      
Text operations:(文本操作)
    String concatenation: +
    Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
    
Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)
    Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
    Minus sign (unary operator): -
    
Boolean operations:(布尔运算)
    Binary operators: and , or
    Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
    
Comparisons and equality:(比较运算)
    Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
    Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
    
Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)
    If-then: (if) ? (then)
    If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
    Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
    
Special tokens:
    No-Operation: _

3、练习测试

编写一个Controller,放一些数据

@RequestMapping("/test")
public String test2(Map<String,Object> map){
    //存入数据
    map.put("msg","<h1>Hello</h1>");
    map.put("users", Arrays.asList("dengzj","xiaogongyang"));
    //classpath:/templates/test.html
    return "test";
}

前端页面取出数据

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>dengzj</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>测试页面</h1>

<div th:text="${msg}"></div>
<!-- th:utext不转义-->
<div th:utext="${msg}"></div>

<!-- th:each遍历数据-->
<h4 th:each="user :${users}" th:text="${user}"></h4>

<h4>
    <!--行内写法-->
    <span th:each="user:${users}">
        [[${user}]]
    </span>
</h4>

</body>
</html>

启动项目测试

4.4 提取公共页面

步骤一

在 templates 目录下新建一个commons文件夹,并在其中创建一个commons.html文件,把公共页面部分提取到该文件中。

提取方法—>在最外层标签中加上 th:fragment="xxx"

th:class="${active=='main.html'?'nav-link active':'nav-link'}"
 接受传递的参数,判断是否点击了该链接,用于改变点击后链接的样式
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">

    <!--头部导航栏 th:fragment="topbar" -->
    <nav class="" th:fragment="topbar">
        <!-- 内容部分 -->
    </nav>

    <!--侧边栏-->
    <!-- th:class="${active=='main.html'?'nav-link active':'nav-link'}" 接受传递的参数,用于改变点击后链接的样式-->
    <nav class="" th:fragment="sidebar">
        <a th:class="${active=='main.html'?'nav-link active':'nav-link'}" 							th:href="@{/main.html}">
            首页
        </a>
    </nav>
    
</html>

引用公共部分

<body>
    <!--头部导航栏 -->
	<div th:replace="~{commons/commons::topbar}"></div>
    
    <!--侧边栏 (active='main.html') 进行参数传递-->
	<div th:replace="~{commons/commons::sidebar(active='main.html')}"></div>
    
</body>
posted @ 2021-12-03 14:56  小公羊  阅读(195)  评论(0)    收藏  举报