(转)C#创建数字证书并导出为pfx，并使用pfx进行非对称加解密
我的项目当中，考虑到安全性，需要为每个客户端分发一个数字证书，同时使用数字证书中的公私钥来进行数据的加解密。为了完成这个安全模块，特写了如下一个DEMO程序，该DEMO程序包含的功能有：
1：调用.NET2.0的MAKECERT创建含有私钥的数字证书，并存储到个人证书区；
2：将该证书导出为pfx文件，并为其指定一个用来打开pfx文件的password；
3：读取pfx文件，导出pfx中公钥和私钥；
4：用pfx证书中的公钥进行数据的加密，用私钥进行数据的解密；
代码如下：
code
code
/// <summary>
/// 将证书从证书存储区导出，并存储为pfx文件，同时为pfx文件指定打开的密码
/// 本函数同时也演示如何用公钥进行加密，私钥进行解密
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btn_toPfxFile_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);
X509Certificate2Collection storecollection = (X509Certificate2Collection)store.Certificates;
foreach (X509Certificate2 x509 in storecollection)
{
if (x509.Subject == "CN=luminji")
{
Debug.Print(string.Format("certificate name: {0}", x509.Subject));
byte[] pfxByte = x509.Export(X509ContentType.Pfx, "123");
using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream("luminji.pfx", FileMode.Create))
{
// Write the data to the file, byte by byte.
for (int i = 0; i < pfxByte.Length; i++)
fileStream.WriteByte(pfxByte[i]);
// Set the stream position to the beginning of the file.
fileStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
// Read and verify the data.
for (int i = 0; i < fileStream.Length; i++)
{
if (pfxByte[i] != fileStream.ReadByte())
{
Debug.Print("Error writing data.");
return;
}
}
fileStream.Close();
Debug.Print("The data was written to {0} " +
"and verified.", fileStream.Name);
}
string myname = "my name is luminji! and i love huzhonghua!";
string enStr = this.RSAEncrypt(x509.PublicKey.Key.ToXmlString(false), myname);
MessageBox.Show("密文是：" + enStr);
string deStr = this.RSADecrypt(x509.PrivateKey.ToXmlString(true), enStr);
MessageBox.Show("明文是：" + deStr);
}
}
store.Close();
store = null;
storecollection = null;
}
/// <summary>
/// 创建还有私钥的证书
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btn_createPfx_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string MakeCert = "C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\\SDK\\v2.0\\Bin\\makecert.exe";
string x509Name = "CN=luminji";
string param = " -pe -ss my -n \"" + x509Name + "\" " ;
Process p = Process.Start(MakeCert, param);
p.WaitForExit();
p.Close();
MessageBox.Show("over");
}
/// <summary>
/// 从pfx文件读取证书信息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btn_readFromPfxFile(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
X509Certificate2 pc = new X509Certificate2("luminji.pfx", "123");
MessageBox.Show("name:" + pc.SubjectName.Name);
MessageBox.Show("public:" + pc.PublicKey.ToString());
MessageBox.Show("private:" + pc.PrivateKey.ToString());
pc = null;
}
/// <summary>
/// RSA解密
/// </summary>
/// <param name="xmlPrivateKey"></param>
/// <param name="m_strDecryptString"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public string RSADecrypt(string xmlPrivateKey, string m_strDecryptString)
{
RSACryptoServiceProvider provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
provider.FromXmlString(xmlPrivateKey);
byte[] rgb = Convert.FromBase64String(m_strDecryptString);
byte[] bytes = provider.Decrypt(rgb, false);
return new UnicodeEncoding().GetString(bytes);
}
/// <summary>
/// RSA加密
/// </summary>
/// <param name="xmlPublicKey"></param>
/// <param name="m_strEncryptString"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public string RSAEncrypt(string xmlPublicKey, string m_strEncryptString)
{
RSACryptoServiceProvider provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
provider.FromXmlString(xmlPublicKey);
byte[] bytes = new UnicodeEncoding().GetBytes(m_strEncryptString);
return Convert.ToBase64String(provider.Encrypt(bytes, false));
}
/// 将证书从证书存储区导出，并存储为pfx文件，同时为pfx文件指定打开的密码
/// 本函数同时也演示如何用公钥进行加密，私钥进行解密
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btn_toPfxFile_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);
X509Certificate2Collection storecollection = (X509Certificate2Collection)store.Certificates;
foreach (X509Certificate2 x509 in storecollection)
{
if (x509.Subject == "CN=luminji")
{
Debug.Print(string.Format("certificate name: {0}", x509.Subject));
byte[] pfxByte = x509.Export(X509ContentType.Pfx, "123");
using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream("luminji.pfx", FileMode.Create))
{
// Write the data to the file, byte by byte.
for (int i = 0; i < pfxByte.Length; i++)
fileStream.WriteByte(pfxByte[i]);
// Set the stream position to the beginning of the file.
fileStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
// Read and verify the data.
for (int i = 0; i < fileStream.Length; i++)
{
if (pfxByte[i] != fileStream.ReadByte())
{
Debug.Print("Error writing data.");
return;
}
}
fileStream.Close();
Debug.Print("The data was written to {0} " +
"and verified.", fileStream.Name);
}
string myname = "my name is luminji! and i love huzhonghua!";
string enStr = this.RSAEncrypt(x509.PublicKey.Key.ToXmlString(false), myname);
MessageBox.Show("密文是：" + enStr);
string deStr = this.RSADecrypt(x509.PrivateKey.ToXmlString(true), enStr);
MessageBox.Show("明文是：" + deStr);
}
}
store.Close();
store = null;
storecollection = null;
}
/// <summary>
/// 创建还有私钥的证书
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btn_createPfx_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string MakeCert = "C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\\SDK\\v2.0\\Bin\\makecert.exe";
string x509Name = "CN=luminji";
string param = " -pe -ss my -n \"" + x509Name + "\" " ;
Process p = Process.Start(MakeCert, param);
p.WaitForExit();
p.Close();
MessageBox.Show("over");
}
/// <summary>
/// 从pfx文件读取证书信息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btn_readFromPfxFile(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
X509Certificate2 pc = new X509Certificate2("luminji.pfx", "123");
MessageBox.Show("name:" + pc.SubjectName.Name);
MessageBox.Show("public:" + pc.PublicKey.ToString());
MessageBox.Show("private:" + pc.PrivateKey.ToString());
pc = null;
}
/// <summary>
/// RSA解密
/// </summary>
/// <param name="xmlPrivateKey"></param>
/// <param name="m_strDecryptString"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public string RSADecrypt(string xmlPrivateKey, string m_strDecryptString)
{
RSACryptoServiceProvider provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
provider.FromXmlString(xmlPrivateKey);
byte[] rgb = Convert.FromBase64String(m_strDecryptString);
byte[] bytes = provider.Decrypt(rgb, false);
return new UnicodeEncoding().GetString(bytes);
}
/// <summary>
/// RSA加密
/// </summary>
/// <param name="xmlPublicKey"></param>
/// <param name="m_strEncryptString"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public string RSAEncrypt(string xmlPublicKey, string m_strEncryptString)
{
RSACryptoServiceProvider provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
provider.FromXmlString(xmlPublicKey);
byte[] bytes = new UnicodeEncoding().GetBytes(m_strEncryptString);
return Convert.ToBase64String(provider.Encrypt(bytes, false));
}
上文是一个示例程序，一个完整的证书工具类如下：
code
1 ·········10········20········30········40········50········60········70········80········90········100·······110·······120·······130·······140·······150
2 public sealed class DataCertificate
3 {
4 #region 生成证书
5 /// <summary>
6 /// 根据指定的证书名和makecert全路径生成证书（包含公钥和私钥，并保存在MY存储区）
7 /// </summary>
8 /// <param name="subjectName"></param>
9 /// <param name="makecertPath"></param>
10 /// <returns></returns>
11 public static bool CreateCertWithPrivateKey(string subjectName, string makecertPath)
12 {
13 subjectName = "CN=" + subjectName;
14 string param = " -pe -ss my -n \"" + subjectName + "\" ";
15 try
16 {
17 Process p = Process.Start(makecertPath, param);
18 p.WaitForExit();
19 p.Close();
20 }
21 catch (Exception e)
22 {
23 LogRecord.putErrorLog(e.ToString(), "DataCerficate.CreateCertWithPrivateKey");
24 return false;
25 }
26 return true;
27 }
28 #endregion
29
30 #region 文件导入导出
31 /// <summary>
32 /// 从WINDOWS证书存储区的个人MY区找到主题为subjectName的证书，
33 /// 并导出为pfx文件，同时为其指定一个密码
34 /// 并将证书从个人区删除(如果isDelFromstor为true)
35 /// </summary>
36 /// <param name="subjectName">证书主题，不包含CN=</param>
37 /// <param name="pfxFileName">pfx文件名</param>
38 /// <param name="password">pfx文件密码</param>
39 /// <param name="isDelFromStore">是否从存储区删除</param>
40 /// <returns></returns>
41 public static bool ExportToPfxFile(string subjectName, string pfxFileName,
42 string password, bool isDelFromStore)
43 {
44 subjectName = "CN=" + subjectName;
45 X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
46 store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);
47 X509Certificate2Collection storecollection = (X509Certificate2Collection)store.Certificates;
48 foreach (X509Certificate2 x509 in storecollection)
49 {
50 if (x509.Subject == subjectName)
51 {
52 Debug.Print(string.Format("certificate name: {0}", x509.Subject));
53
54 byte[] pfxByte = x509.Export(X509ContentType.Pfx, password);
55 using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(pfxFileName, FileMode.Create))
56 {
57 // Write the data to the file, byte by byte.
58 for (int i = 0; i < pfxByte.Length; i++)
59 fileStream.WriteByte(pfxByte[i]);
60 // Set the stream position to the beginning of the file.
61 fileStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
62 // Read and verify the data.
63 for (int i = 0; i < fileStream.Length; i++)
64 {
65 if (pfxByte[i] != fileStream.ReadByte())
66 {
67 LogRecord.putErrorLog("Export pfx error while verify the pfx file!", "ExportToPfxFile");
68 fileStream.Close();
69 return false;
70 }
71 }
72 fileStream.Close();
73 }
74 if( isDelFromStore == true)
75 store.Remove(x509);
76 }
77 }
78 store.Close();
79 store = null;
80 storecollection = null;
81 return true;
82 }
83 /// <summary>
84 /// 从WINDOWS证书存储区的个人MY区找到主题为subjectName的证书，
85 /// 并导出为CER文件（即，只含公钥的）
86 /// </summary>
87 /// <param name="subjectName"></param>
88 /// <param name="cerFileName"></param>
89 /// <returns></returns>
90 public static bool ExportToCerFile(string subjectName, string cerFileName)
91 {
92 subjectName = "CN=" + subjectName;
93 X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
94 store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);
95 X509Certificate2Collection storecollection = (X509Certificate2Collection)store.Certificates;
96 foreach (X509Certificate2 x509 in storecollection)
97 {
98 if (x509.Subject == subjectName)
99 {
100 Debug.Print(string.Format("certificate name: {0}", x509.Subject));
101 //byte[] pfxByte = x509.Export(X509ContentType.Pfx, password);
102 byte[] cerByte = x509.Export(X509ContentType.Cert);
103 using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(cerFileName, FileMode.Create))
104 {
105 // Write the data to the file, byte by byte.
106 for (int i = 0; i < cerByte.Length; i++)
107 fileStream.WriteByte(cerByte[i]);
108 // Set the stream position to the beginning of the file.
109 fileStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
110 // Read and verify the data.
111 for (int i = 0; i < fileStream.Length; i++)
112 {
113 if (cerByte[i] != fileStream.ReadByte())
114 {
115 LogRecord.putErrorLog("Export CER error while verify the CERT file!", "ExportToCERFile");
116 fileStream.Close();
117 return false;
118 }
119 }
120 fileStream.Close();
121 }
122 }
123 }
124 store.Close();
125 store = null;
126 storecollection = null;
127 return true;
128 }
129 #endregion
130
131 #region 从证书中获取信息
132 /// <summary>
133 /// 根据私钥证书得到证书实体，得到实体后可以根据其公钥和私钥进行加解密
134 /// 加解密函数使用DEncrypt的RSACryption类
135 /// </summary>
136 /// <param name="pfxFileName"></param>
137 /// <param name="password"></param>
138 /// <returns></returns>
139 public static X509Certificate2 GetCertificateFromPfxFile(string pfxFileName,
140 string password)
141 {
142 try
143 {
144 return new X509Certificate2(pfxFileName, password, X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable);
145 }
146 catch (Exception e)
147 {
148 LogRecord.putErrorLog("get certificate from pfx" + pfxFileName + " error:" + e.ToString(),
149 "GetCertificateFromPfxFile");
150 return null;
151 }
152 }
153 /// <summary>
154 /// 到存储区获取证书
155 /// </summary>
156 /// <param name="subjectName"></param>
157 /// <returns></returns>
158 public static X509Certificate2 GetCertificateFromStore(string subjectName)
159 {
160 subjectName = "CN=" + subjectName;
161 X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
162 store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);
163 X509Certificate2Collection storecollection = (X509Certificate2Collection)store.Certificates;
164 foreach (X509Certificate2 x509 in storecollection)
165 {
166 if (x509.Subject == subjectName)
167 {
168 return x509;
169 }
170 }
171 store.Close();
172 store = null;
173 storecollection = null;
174 return null;
175 }
176 /// <summary>
177 /// 根据公钥证书，返回证书实体
178 /// </summary>
179 /// <param name="cerPath"></param>
180 public static X509Certificate2 GetCertFromCerFile(string cerPath)
181 {
182 try
183 {
184 return new X509Certificate2(cerPath);
185 }
186 catch (Exception e)
187 {
188 LogRecord.putErrorLog(e.ToString(), "DataCertificate.LoadStudentPublicKey");
189 return null;
190 }
191 }
192 #endregion
193 }
194
2 public sealed class DataCertificate
3 {
4 #region 生成证书
5 /// <summary>
6 /// 根据指定的证书名和makecert全路径生成证书（包含公钥和私钥，并保存在MY存储区）
7 /// </summary>
8 /// <param name="subjectName"></param>
9 /// <param name="makecertPath"></param>
10 /// <returns></returns>
11 public static bool CreateCertWithPrivateKey(string subjectName, string makecertPath)
12 {
13 subjectName = "CN=" + subjectName;
14 string param = " -pe -ss my -n \"" + subjectName + "\" ";
15 try
16 {
17 Process p = Process.Start(makecertPath, param);
18 p.WaitForExit();
19 p.Close();
20 }
21 catch (Exception e)
22 {
23 LogRecord.putErrorLog(e.ToString(), "DataCerficate.CreateCertWithPrivateKey");
24 return false;
25 }
26 return true;
27 }
28 #endregion
29
30 #region 文件导入导出
31 /// <summary>
32 /// 从WINDOWS证书存储区的个人MY区找到主题为subjectName的证书，
33 /// 并导出为pfx文件，同时为其指定一个密码
34 /// 并将证书从个人区删除(如果isDelFromstor为true)
35 /// </summary>
36 /// <param name="subjectName">证书主题，不包含CN=</param>
37 /// <param name="pfxFileName">pfx文件名</param>
38 /// <param name="password">pfx文件密码</param>
39 /// <param name="isDelFromStore">是否从存储区删除</param>
40 /// <returns></returns>
41 public static bool ExportToPfxFile(string subjectName, string pfxFileName,
42 string password, bool isDelFromStore)
43 {
44 subjectName = "CN=" + subjectName;
45 X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
46 store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);
47 X509Certificate2Collection storecollection = (X509Certificate2Collection)store.Certificates;
48 foreach (X509Certificate2 x509 in storecollection)
49 {
50 if (x509.Subject == subjectName)
51 {
52 Debug.Print(string.Format("certificate name: {0}", x509.Subject));
53
54 byte[] pfxByte = x509.Export(X509ContentType.Pfx, password);
55 using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(pfxFileName, FileMode.Create))
56 {
57 // Write the data to the file, byte by byte.
58 for (int i = 0; i < pfxByte.Length; i++)
59 fileStream.WriteByte(pfxByte[i]);
60 // Set the stream position to the beginning of the file.
61 fileStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
62 // Read and verify the data.
63 for (int i = 0; i < fileStream.Length; i++)
64 {
65 if (pfxByte[i] != fileStream.ReadByte())
66 {
67 LogRecord.putErrorLog("Export pfx error while verify the pfx file!", "ExportToPfxFile");
68 fileStream.Close();
69 return false;
70 }
71 }
72 fileStream.Close();
73 }
74 if( isDelFromStore == true)
75 store.Remove(x509);
76 }
77 }
78 store.Close();
79 store = null;
80 storecollection = null;
81 return true;
82 }
83 /// <summary>
84 /// 从WINDOWS证书存储区的个人MY区找到主题为subjectName的证书，
85 /// 并导出为CER文件（即，只含公钥的）
86 /// </summary>
87 /// <param name="subjectName"></param>
88 /// <param name="cerFileName"></param>
89 /// <returns></returns>
90 public static bool ExportToCerFile(string subjectName, string cerFileName)
91 {
92 subjectName = "CN=" + subjectName;
93 X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
94 store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);
95 X509Certificate2Collection storecollection = (X509Certificate2Collection)store.Certificates;
96 foreach (X509Certificate2 x509 in storecollection)
97 {
98 if (x509.Subject == subjectName)
99 {
100 Debug.Print(string.Format("certificate name: {0}", x509.Subject));
101 //byte[] pfxByte = x509.Export(X509ContentType.Pfx, password);
102 byte[] cerByte = x509.Export(X509ContentType.Cert);
103 using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(cerFileName, FileMode.Create))
104 {
105 // Write the data to the file, byte by byte.
106 for (int i = 0; i < cerByte.Length; i++)
107 fileStream.WriteByte(cerByte[i]);
108 // Set the stream position to the beginning of the file.
109 fileStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
110 // Read and verify the data.
111 for (int i = 0; i < fileStream.Length; i++)
112 {
113 if (cerByte[i] != fileStream.ReadByte())
114 {
115 LogRecord.putErrorLog("Export CER error while verify the CERT file!", "ExportToCERFile");
116 fileStream.Close();
117 return false;
118 }
119 }
120 fileStream.Close();
121 }
122 }
123 }
124 store.Close();
125 store = null;
126 storecollection = null;
127 return true;
128 }
129 #endregion
130
131 #region 从证书中获取信息
132 /// <summary>
133 /// 根据私钥证书得到证书实体，得到实体后可以根据其公钥和私钥进行加解密
134 /// 加解密函数使用DEncrypt的RSACryption类
135 /// </summary>
136 /// <param name="pfxFileName"></param>
137 /// <param name="password"></param>
138 /// <returns></returns>
139 public static X509Certificate2 GetCertificateFromPfxFile(string pfxFileName,
140 string password)
141 {
142 try
143 {
144 return new X509Certificate2(pfxFileName, password, X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable);
145 }
146 catch (Exception e)
147 {
148 LogRecord.putErrorLog("get certificate from pfx" + pfxFileName + " error:" + e.ToString(),
149 "GetCertificateFromPfxFile");
150 return null;
151 }
152 }
153 /// <summary>
154 /// 到存储区获取证书
155 /// </summary>
156 /// <param name="subjectName"></param>
157 /// <returns></returns>
158 public static X509Certificate2 GetCertificateFromStore(string subjectName)
159 {
160 subjectName = "CN=" + subjectName;
161 X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
162 store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);
163 X509Certificate2Collection storecollection = (X509Certificate2Collection)store.Certificates;
164 foreach (X509Certificate2 x509 in storecollection)
165 {
166 if (x509.Subject == subjectName)
167 {
168 return x509;
169 }
170 }
171 store.Close();
172 store = null;
173 storecollection = null;
174 return null;
175 }
176 /// <summary>
177 /// 根据公钥证书，返回证书实体
178 /// </summary>
179 /// <param name="cerPath"></param>
180 public static X509Certificate2 GetCertFromCerFile(string cerPath)
181 {
182 try
183 {
184 return new X509Certificate2(cerPath);
185 }
186 catch (Exception e)
187 {
188 LogRecord.putErrorLog(e.ToString(), "DataCertificate.LoadStudentPublicKey");
189 return null;
190 }
191 }
192 #endregion
193 }
194
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