Redis数据类型
1.String字符串
string是redis最基本的类型，你可以理解成与Memcached一模一样的类型，一个key对应一个value。
string类型是二进制安全的。意思是redis的string可以包含任何数据。比如jpg图片或者序列化的对象。
string类型是Redis最基本的数据类型，一个redis中字符串value最多可以是512M。
1)Redis Key
|
#keys * 127.0.0.1:6379> keys * (empty list or set)
#set k1 v1 127.0.0.1:6379> set k1 v1 OK
#exists key:判断某个key是否存在 127.0.0.1:6379> EXISTS k1 (integer) 1
#move key db:移动key到别处 127.0.0.1:6379> MOVE k1 1 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> keys * 1) "k3" 2) "k2" 127.0.0.1:6379> select 1 OK 127.0.0.1:6379[1]> keys * 1) "k1"
#expire key:为给定的key设置过期时间 #ttl key:查看还有多少秒过期，-1表示永不过期，-2表示已过期 127.0.0.1:6379> keys * 1) "k3" 2) "k2" 3) "k1" 127.0.0.1:6379> EXPIRE k1 10 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> ttl k1 (integer) 4 127.0.0.1:6379> keys * 1) "k3" 2) "k2"
#type key:查看key是什么类型 127.0.0.1:6379> type k1 string
|
2)Redis String
|
#set|get|del|append|strlen 127.0.0.1:6379> set k1 v1 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> set k2 v2 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> set k3 v3 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> get k1 "v1" 127.0.0.1:6379> del k1 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> get k1 (nil) 127.0.0.1:6379> APPEND k2 xxxx (integer) 6 127.0.0.1:6379> get k2 "v2xxxx" 127.0.0.1:6379> STRLEN k2 (integer) 6
#Incr|decr|incrby|decrby #注：value值一定要是数字才能进行加减 127.0.0.1:6379> set k1 1 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR k1 (integer) 2 127.0.0.1:6379> get k1 "2" 127.0.0.1:6379> DECR k1 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> get k1 "1" 127.0.0.1:6379> INCRBY k1 10 (integer) 11 127.0.0.1:6379> get k1 "11" 127.0.0.1:6379> DECRBY k1 10 (integer) 1
#getrange key start end:获取指定区间范围内的值，类似between......and的关系.从零到负一表示全部 #setrange key start str:设置指定区间范围内的值，格式是setrange key值 具体值 127.0.0.1:6379> set k1 abcdefgh OK 127.0.0.1:6379> GETRANGE k1 0 -1 "abcdefgh" 127.0.0.1:6379> GETRANGE k1 0 2 "abc" 127.0.0.1:6379> SETRANGE k1 1 xxx (integer) 8 127.0.0.1:6379> GETRANGE k1 0 -1 "axxxefgh"
#setex key time value:设置带过期时间的key，动态设置 #setnx key value:在 key 不存在时设置 key 的值。 127.0.0.1:6379> SETEX k1 15 hello OK 127.0.0.1:6379> get k1 "hello" 127.0.0.1:6379> ttl k1 (integer) 9 127.0.0.1:6379> ttl k1 (integer) -2 127.0.0.1:6379> get k1 (nil) 127.0.0.1:6379> SETNX k1 hello (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> get k1 "hello" 127.0.0.1:6379> setnx k1 hello2 (integer) 0 127.0.0.1:6379> get k1 "hello" 127.0.0.1:6379> SETNX k6 hello2 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> get k6 "hello2"
#mset key1 value1 key2 value2 ...:同时设置一个或多个 key-value 对 #mget key1 key2 ...:获取所有(一个或多个)给定 key 的值 #msetnx k1 value1 key2 value2...:同时设置一个或多个 key-value 对，当且仅当所有给定 key 都不存在 127.0.0.1:6379> mset k1 v1 k2 v2 k3 v3 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> mget k1 k2 k3 1) "v1" 2) "v2" 3) "v3" 127.0.0.1:6379> MSETNX k3 v4 k4 v4 (integer) 0 127.0.0.1:6379> MSETNX k4 v4 k5 v5 (integer) 1
#getset key value:将给定 key 的值设为 value ，并返回 key 的旧值(old value) 127.0.0.1:6379> get k1 "v1" 127.0.0.1:6379> getset k1 hello "v1" 127.0.0.1:6379> get k1 "hello" |
2.List列表
Redis 列表是简单的字符串列表，按照插入顺序排序。你可以添加一个元素导列表的头部（左边）或者尾部（右边）。底层实际是个链表
|
#lpush key value1 value2...|rpush key value1 value2...|lrange key start end[0 -1为全部] 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list1 1 2 3 4 5 (integer) 5 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1 1) "5" 2) "4" 3) "3" 4) "2" 5) "1" 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH list2 1 2 3 4 5 (integer) 5 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list2 0 -1 1) "1" 2) "2" 3) "3" 4) "4" 5) "5"
#LPOP list|RPOP list 127.0.0.1:6379> LPOP list1 "5" 127.0.0.1:6379> LPOP list2 "1" 127.0.0.1:6379> RPOP list1 "1" 127.0.0.1:6379> RPOP list2 "5"
#lindex key index:按照索引下标获得元素(从上到下) 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1 1) "4" 2) "3" 3) "2" 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list2 0 -1 1) "2" 2) "3" 3) "4" 127.0.0.1:6379> LINDEX list1 3 (nil) 127.0.0.1:6379> LINDEX list1 2 "2" 127.0.0.1:6379> LINDEX list2 2 "4"
#llen key 127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN list1 (integer) 3
#LREM key num value:从left往right删除num 个值等于value的元素，返回的值为实际删除的数量 #LREM list3 0 值，表示删除全部给定的值。零个就是全部值 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH list3 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 (integer) 15 127.0.0.1:6379> LREM list3 (error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'lrem' command 127.0.0.1:6379> LREM list3 2 3 (integer) 2 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list3 0 -1 1) "1" 2) "1" 3) "1" 4) "2" 5) "2" 6) "2" 7) "3" 8) "4" 9) "4" 10) "4" 11) "5" 12) "5" 13) "5"
#LTRIM key start end:截取指定索引区间的元素 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list1 1 2 3 4 5 6 (integer) 6 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1 1) "6" 2) "5" 3) "4" 4) "3" 5) "2" 6) "1" 127.0.0.1:6379> LTRIM list1 2 3 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1 1) "4" 2) "3"
#RPOPLPUSH key1 key2:移除列表的最后一个元素，并将该元素添加到另一个列表并返回 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list1 1 2 3 (integer) 3 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list2 4 5 6 (integer) 3 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1 1) "3" 2) "2" 3) "1" 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list2 0 -1 1) "6" 2) "5" 3) "4" 127.0.0.1:6379> RPOPLPUSH list1 list2 "1" 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1 1) "3" 2) "2" 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list2 0 -1 1) "1" 2) "6" 3) "5" 4) "4"
#LSET key index value:将index位置的值更换为value 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1 1) "3" 2) "2" 127.0.0.1:6379> LSET list1 1 xxx OK 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1 1) "3" 2) "xxx"
#LINSERT key before|after index value:在list某个已有值的前|后再添加具体值 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list1 1 2 3 4 5 (integer) 5 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1 1) "5" 2) "4" 3) "3" 4) "2" 5) "1" 127.0.0.1:6379> LINSERT list1 before 3 java (integer) 6 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1 1) "5" 2) "4" 3) "java" 4) "3" 5) "2" 6) "1" 127.0.0.1:6379> LINSERT list1 after 3 javaweb (integer) 7 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1 1) "5" 2) "4" 3) "java" 4) "3" 5) "javaweb" 6) "2" 7) "1" |
List总结
|
它是一个字符串链表，left、right都可以插入添加； 如果键不存在，创建新的链表； 如果键已存在，新增内容； 如果值全移除，对应的键也就消失了。 链表的操作无论是头和尾效率都极高，但假如是对中间元素进行操作，效率就很惨淡了。 |
3.Set集合
Redis的Set是string类型的无序集合。它是通过HashTable实现的。
|
#sadd|smembers|sismember 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set1 1 1 2 2 3 3 (integer) 3 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1 1) "1" 2) "2" 3) "3" 127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER set1 1 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER set1 a (integer) 0
#SCARD:获取集合里面的元素个数 127.0.0.1:6379> SCARD set1 (integer) 3
# SREM key value:删除集合中元素 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1 1) "1" 2) "2" 3) "3" 127.0.0.1:6379> SREM set1 1 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1 1) "2" 2) "3"
# SRANDMEMBER key num:随机出几个值 #num:超过最大数量就全部取出.如果写的值是负数，比如-3 ，表示需要取出3个，但是可能会有重复值 127.0.0.1:6379> FLUSHALL OK 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set1 1 2 3 4 5 (integer) 5 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1 1) "1" 2) "2" 3) "3" 4) "4" 5) "5" 127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER set1 2 1) "5" 2) "2" 127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER set1 2 1) "3" 2) "4" 127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER set1 2 1) "3" 2) "1" 127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER set1 2 1) "3" 2) "1"
#SPOP key:随机出栈 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1 1) "1" 2) "2" 3) "3" 4) "4" 5) "5" 127.0.0.1:6379> SPOP set1 "4" 127.0.0.1:6379> SPOP set1 "1" 127.0.0.1:6379> SPOP set1 "2" 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1 1) "3" 2) "5"
#SMOVE key1 key2:将key1里的某个值赋给key2 127.0.0.1:6379> FLUSHALL OK 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set1 1 2 3 4 5 (integer) 5 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1 1) "1" 2) "2" 3) "3" 4) "4" 5) "5" 127.0.0.1:6379> smove set1 set2 1 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1 1) "2" 2) "3" 3) "4" 4) "5" 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set2 1) "1"
#SDIFF key1 key2:在ey1里面而不在后面任何一个key2里面的项 #SINTER key1 key2:在key1中且在key2中含有 #SUNION key1 key2:在key1中且在key2中的并集 127.0.0.1:6379> FLUSHALL OK 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set1 1 2 3 4 5 (integer) 5 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set2 4 5 6 7 8 (integer) 5 127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF set1 set2 1) "1" 2) "2" 3) "3" 127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF set2 set1 1) "6" 2) "7" 3) "8" 127.0.0.1:6379> SINTER set1 set2 1) "4" 2) "5" 127.0.0.1:6379> SUNION set1 set2 1) "1" 2) "2" 3) "3" 4) "4" 5) "5" 6) "6" 7) "7" 8) "8"
|
4.Hash哈希
Redis hash 是一个键值对集合。
Redis hash是一个string类型的field和value的映射表，hash特别适合用于存储对象。类似于Java的Map的<String,Object>。
|
#hset|hget|hmset|hmget|hgetall|hdel 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET hash1 k1 v1 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> HGET hash1 k1 "v1" 127.0.0.1:6379> HMSET hash2 id 1 name pluto age 24 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL hash1 1) "k1" 2) "v1" 127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL hash2 1) "id" 2) "1" 3) "name" 4) "pluto" 5) "age" 6) "24" 127.0.0.1:6379> HDEL hash1 k1 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379>
#HLEN:计算hash的长度 127.0.0.1:6379> HLEN hash1 (integer) 0 127.0.0.1:6379> HLEN hash2 (integer) 3
#HEXISTS hashname key:在key里面的某个值的key 127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL hash2 1) "id" 2) "1" 3) "name" 4) "pluto" 5) "age" 6) "24" 127.0.0.1:6379> HEXISTS hash2 id (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> HEXISTS hash2 email (integer) 0
#HKEYS|HVALS 127.0.0.1:6379> HKEYS hash2 1) "id" 2) "name" 3) "age" 127.0.0.1:6379> HVALS hash2 1) "1" 2) "pluto" 3) "24"
#HINCRBY|HINCRBYFLOAT:增加整数|增加小数 127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBY hash2 age 2 (integer) 26 127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBY hash2 age 2 (integer) 28 127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBY hash2 age 2 (integer) 30 127.0.0.1:6379> hset hash2 score 91.5 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL hash2 1) "id" 2) "1" 3) "name" 4) "pluto" 5) "age" 6) "30" 7) "score" 8) "91.5" 127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBYFLOAT hash2 score 0.5 "92"
#HSETNX hash key value:不存在赋值，存在了不赋值 127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL hash2 1) "id" 2) "1" 3) "name" 4) "pluto" 5) "age" 6) "30" 7) "score" 8) "92" 127.0.0.1:6379> HSETNX hash2 name plutoo (integer) 0 127.0.0.1:6379> HSETNX hash2 email pluto@pluto.com (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL hash2 1) "id" 2) "1" 3) "name" 4) "pluto" 5) "age" 6) "30" 7) "score" 8) "92" 9) "email" 10) "pluto@pluto.com" |
5.Zset
Redis zset 和 set 一样也是string类型元素的集合,且不允许重复的成员。
不同的是每个元素都会关联一个double类型的分数。
redis正是通过分数来为集合中的成员进行从小到大的排序。zset的成员是唯一的,但分数(score)却可以重复。
在set基础上，加一个score值。之前set是k1 v1 v2 v3，现在zset是k1 score1 v1 score2 v2。
|
#ZADD |ZRANGE 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD zset1 60 v1 70 v2 80 v3 90 v4 (integer) 4 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD zset1 60 v1 70 v2 80 v3 90 v4 (integer) 0 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1 1) "v1" 2) "v2" 3) "v3" 4) "v4" 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1 withscores 1) "v1" 2) "60" 3) "v2" 4) "70" 5) "v3" 6) "80" 7) "v4" 8) "90"
#ZRANGEBYSCORE key start end #ZRANGEBYSCORE key start (end:不包含end #ZRANGEBYSCORE key (start (end:不包含start end #ZRANGEBYSCORE key start end limit index num:返回限制，开始位置index 截取num个类似于分页
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE zset1 60 90 1) "v1" 2) "v2" 3) "v3" 4) "v4" 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE zset1 60 (90 1) "v1" 2) "v2" 3) "v3" 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE zset1 (60 (90 1) "v2" 2) "v3" 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE zset1 60 90 1) "v1" 2) "v2" 3) "v3" 4) "v4" 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE zset1 60 90 limit 2 2 1) "v3" 2) "v4" 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE zset1 60 90 withscores 1) "v1" 2) "60" 3) "v2" 4) "70" 5) "v3" 6) "80" 7) "v4" 8) "90"
#ZRANGE:删除元素，项的值可以是多个 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1 1) "v1" 2) "v2" 3) "v3" 4) "v4" 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREM zset1 v1 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1 1) "v2" 2) "v3" 3) "v4" 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREM zset1 v2 v3 (integer) 2 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1 1) "v4"
#ZCARD key:获取集合中元素个数 #ZCOUNT key start end:获取分数区间内元素个数 #ZRANK zset value:获取value在zset中的下标位置 #ZSCORE zset value:按照值获得对应的分数 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD zset1 60 v1 70 v2 80 v3 90 v4 100 v5 (integer) 5 127.0.0.1:6379> ZCARD zset1 (integer) 5 127.0.0.1:6379> ZCOUNT zset1 60 80 (integer) 3 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANK zset1 v2 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> zscore zset1 v1 "60"
#|ZRANK|ZREVRANK key values:正序|逆序获得下标索引值 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1 1) "v1" 2) "v2" 3) "v3" 4) "v4" 5) "v5" 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANK zset1 v1 (integer) 4 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANK zset1 v5 (integer) 0 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANK zset1 v1 (integer) 0 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANK zset1 v5 (integer) 4
#ZRANGE|ZREVRANGE :正序|逆序输出[key,value] 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1 withscores 1) "v1" 2) "60" 3) "v2" 4) "70" 5) "v3" 6) "80" 7) "v4" 8) "90" 9) "v5" 10) "100" 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGE zset1 0 -1 withscores 1) "v5" 2) "100" 3) "v4" 4) "90" 5) "v3" 6) "80" 7) "v2" 8) "70" 9) "v1" 10) "60"
#ZRANGEBYSCORE|ZREVRANGEBYSCORE zset1 90 60 withscores:分数范围的正|反输出 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE zset1 60 90 withscores 1) "v1" 2) "60" 3) "v2" 4) "70" 5) "v3" 6) "80" 7) "v4" 8) "90" 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGEBYSCORE zset1 60 90 withscores (empty list or set) 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGEBYSCORE zset1 90 60 withscores 1) "v4" 2) "90" 3) "v3" 4) "80" 5) "v2" 6) "70" 7) "v1" 8) "60"
|
参考文档：Http://redisdoc.com/
