构建一个LVS-DR模型的高性能集群,并实现Nginx、PHP、MySQL分离
搭建一个LVS-DR模型的高性能集群，并实现以下功能：
(1)、wordpress程序通过nfs共享给个个realserver；
(2)、后端realserver中的nginx和php分离；
配置信
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操作系统 |
CentOS release 6.7 (Final) 64bit |
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IP地址 |
LVS-DR |
VIP:192.168.2.210 |
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DIP:192.168.2.211 |
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Real server1:192.168.2.212 |
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Real Server2:192.168.2.213 |
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PHP Server:192.168.2.214 |
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MySQL Server:192.168.2.215 |
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平台介绍：
OS Version：CentOS release 6.7 (Final)nginx version: nginx/1.8.1PHP 5.6.24 (fpm-fcgi) Mysql version: 5.6.31 kernel version: 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64关闭iptables、selinux,例如：[root@php-server www]service iptables stop [root@php-server www]chkconfig iptables off [root@php-server www]getenforce 0
安装并同步各个节点的时间,例如
[root@lvs-dr ~]# yum install -y ntpdate.x86_64 [root@lvs-dr ~]# ntpdate cn.ntp.org.cn
一、安装Nginx
192.168.2.212(realserver1)：
#编译nginx环境前需要先把gcc等开发库之类提前装好; [root@realserver1 ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ automake autoconf libtool make #安装pcre是为了支持rewrite， #zlib是为了支持gzip压缩 #openssl是为了支持https; [root@realserver1 ~]# yum install -y pcre-devel.x86_64 pcre-devel.x86_64 zlib.x86_64 zlib-devel.x86_64 openssl-devel.x86_64 openssl.x86_64 [root@realserver1 ~]# groupadd www [root@realserver1 ~]# useradd -r -g www www -s /sbin/nologin #运行nginx的用户和用户组 [root@realserver1 nginx-1.8.1]# mkdir -pv /opt/application/nginx mkdir: created directory `/opt/application' mkdir: created directory `/opt/application/nginx' [root@realserver1 tools]# tar -xf nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz [root@realserver1 tools]# cd nginx-1.8.1 [root@realserver1 nginx-1.8.1]# ./configure --prefix=/opt/application/nginx/ --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_spdy_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_realip_module --with-ipv6 # --with-http_stub_status_module 启用nginx状态监控 # --with-http_ssl_module 启用HTTPS加密 # --with-http_spdy_module 启用spdy支持，缩短为网页加载时间 # --with-http_gzip_static_module 启用静态压缩 # --with-http_realip_module 做代理时获取客户端真实IP # --with-ipv6 支持ipv6 [root@realserver1 nginx-1.8.1]# make ;make install
创建nginx启动脚本
[root@realserver1 ~]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx [root@realserver1 ~]# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx [root@realserver1 ~]# service nginx start Starting nginx: [ OK ] [root@realserver1 ~]# chkconfig --add nginx [root@realserver1 ~]# chkconfig nginx on [root@realserver1 ~]# chkconfig --list nginx nginx 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
测试成功：
[root@realserver1 ~]# curl -I http://192.168.2.212 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.8.1 Date: Thu, 11 Aug 2016 20:26:13 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 612 Last-Modified: Thu, 11 Aug 2016 19:21:49 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "57acd04d-264" Accept-Ranges: bytes
Nginx脚本内容如下：
#!/bin/sh # # nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemin # # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \ # proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server # processname: nginx # config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf # pidfile: /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # Source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network # Check that networking is up. [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0 nginx="/opt/application/nginx/sbin/nginx" prog=$(basename $nginx) NGINX_CONF_FILE="/opt/application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx start() { [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5 [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6 echo -n $"Starting $prog: " daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile return $retval } stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc $prog -QUIT retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile return $retval } restart() { configtest || return $? stop start } reload() { configtest || return $? echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " killproc $nginx -HUP RETVAL=$? echo } force_reload() { restart } configtest() { $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE } rh_status() { status $prog } rh_status_q() { rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1 } case "$1" in start) rh_status_q && exit 0 $1 ;; stop) rh_status_q || exit 0 $1 ;; restart|configtest) $1 ;; reload) rh_status_q || exit 7 $1 ;; force-reload) force_reload ;; status) rh_status ;; condrestart|try-restart) rh_status_q || exit 0 ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}" exit 2 esac
192.168.2.213(realserver2) :如同realserver1配置。
二、安装Mysql
192.168.2.215(mysql-server)：
[root@mysql-server ~]# wget http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.31.tar.gz [root@mysql-server ~]# tar -zxf mysql-5.6.31.tar.gz [root@mysql-server mysql-5.6.31]# ls BUILD cmd-line-utils dbug include libmysqld mysys README sql-bench support-files vio client config.h.cmake Docs INSTALL libservices mysys_ssl regex sql-common tests win cmake configure.cmake Doxyfile-perfschema libevent man packaging scripts storage unittest zlib CMakeLists.txt COPYING extra libmysql mysql-test plugin sql strings VERSION [root@mysql-server mysql-5.6.31]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake zlib* libxml* ncurses-devel libtool-ltdl-devel* make cmake [root@mysql-server mysql-5.6.31]# groupadd mysql [root@mysql-server mysql-5.6.31]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql -s /sbin/nologin [root@mysql-server mysql-5.6.31]# cmake . \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/application/mysql/ \ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/opt/application/mysql/data \ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock \ -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \ -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_READLINE=1 \ -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \ -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci #编译时间很长，耐心等待... #DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX 安装根目录 #DMYSQL_DATADIR 数据存储目录 #DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR 连接数据库socket路径 #DSYSCONFDIR 配置文件(my.cnf)目录 #DMYSQL_TCP_PORT mysql启用的TCP/IP端口 #DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE 启用MYISAM引擎支持 #DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE 启用INNOBASE引擎支持 #DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE 启用Memory引擎支持 #DWITH_READLINE 快捷键功能 #DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE 允许从本地导入数据 #DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE 安装支持数据库分区 #DEXTRA_CHARSETS 安装所有的字符集 #DDEFAULT_CHARSET 默认字符集 #DDEFAULT_COLLATION 默认编码 Mysql官方参考文件：http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/source-configuration-options.html [root@mysql-server mysql-5.6.31]# make -j 4 [root@mysql-server mysql-5.6.31]# make install [root@mysql-server mysql-5.6.31]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/application/mysql #改变目录所有者 [root@mysql-server mysql-5.6.31]# /opt/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/application/mysql --datadir=/opt/application/mysql/data #初始化数据库 [root@mysql-server support-files]# cp /opt/application/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf #使用默认配置文件 [root@mysql-server support-files]# cp /opt/application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql #注册服务 [root@mysql-server support-files]# chkconfig --add mysql [root@mysql-server support-files]# chkconfig mysql on #添加开机启动 [root@mysql-server support-files]# service mysql start #启动mysql服务 Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! [root@mysql-server support-files]# netstat -tunlpa |grep 3306 tcp 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 24982/mysqld [root@mysql-server ~]# vim /etc/bashrc #把mysql的bin命令添加到path PATH=/opt/application/mysql/bin:$PATH export PATH
三、安装PHP
安装php依赖工具 [root@php-server ~]# yum -y install libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel mhash mhash-devel libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2-devel libcurl-devel gd gd-devel.x86_64 [root@php-server ~]# groupadd www [root@php-server ~]# useradd -r -g www www -s /sbin/nologin #运行php-fpm的用户和用户组 [root@php-server ~]# wget http://cn.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.24.tar.gz [root@php-server ~]# tar -zxf php-5.6.24.tar.gz [root@php-server ~]# cd php-5.6.24 [root@php-server php-5.6.24]# ls acinclude.m4 configure.in install-sh missing README.EXT_SKEL README.RELEASE_PROCESS sapi TSRM aclocal.m4 CREDITS LICENSE mkinstalldirs README.GIT-RULES README.SELF-CONTAINED-EXTENSIONS scripts UPGRADING build ext ltmain.sh netware README.input_filter README.STREAMS server-tests-config.php UPGRADING.INTERNALS buildconf EXTENSIONS main NEWS README.MAILINGLIST_RULES README.SUBMITTING_PATCH server-tests.php vcsclean buildconf.bat footer makedist pear README.md README.TESTING snapshot win32 CODING_STANDARDS generated_lists Makefile.frag php5.spec.in README.namespaces README.TESTING2 stamp-h.in Zend config.guess genfiles Makefile.gcov php.gif README.NEW-OUTPUT-API README.UNIX-BUILD-SYSTEM stub.c config.sub header Makefile.global php.ini-development README.PARAMETER_PARSING_API README.WIN32-BUILD-SYSTEM tests configure INSTALL makerpm php.ini-production README.REDIST.BINS run-tests.php travis [root@php-server php-5.6.24]# mkdir -pv /opt/application/php mkdir: created directory `/opt/application' mkdir: created directory `/opt/application/php' [root@php-server php-5.6.24]# ./configure \ --prefix=/opt/application/php \ --with-config-file-path=/etc \ --with-fpm-user=www \ --with-fpm-group=www \ --enable-fpm \ --enable-ftp \ --enable-zip \ --enable-soap \ --enable-xml \ --enable-bcmath \ --enable-shmop \ --enable-exif \ --enable-pcntl \ --enable-opcache \ --enable-sysvsem \ --enable-mbregex \ --enable-mbstring \ --enable-sockets \ --enable-gd-native-ttf \ --enable-inline-optimization \ --with-zlib \ --with-curl \ --with-gd \ --with-mcrypt \ --with-openssl \ --with-mhash \ --with-xmlrpc \ --with-gettext \ --with-iconv-dir \ --with-freetype-dir \ --with-mysql=mysqlnd \ --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \ --with-libxml-dir=/usr \ --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \ --disable-rpath \ --disable-ipv6 \ --disable-debug \ --disable-fileinfo \ 或者： ./configure --prefix=/opt/application/php --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-fpm-user=www --with-fpm-group=www --enable-fpm --enable-ftp --enable-zip --enable-soap --enable-xml --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-exif --enable-pcntl --enable-opcache --enable-sysvsem --enable-mbregex --enable-mbstring --enable-sockets --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-inline-optimization --with-zlib --with-curl --with-gd --with-mcrypt --with-openssl --with-mhash --with-xmlrpc --with-gettext --with-iconv-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-libxml-dir=/usr --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --disable-rpath --disable-ipv6 --disable-debug --disable-fileinfo
#这里可能报错：configure: error: mcrypt.h not found. Please reinstall libmcrypt，解决方法如下：
1、安装第三方yum源 wget http://www.atomicorp.com/installers/atomic sh ./atomic 2、使用yum命令安装 yum install php-mcrypt libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel
四、修改nginx和php的配置文件
192.168.2.212(realserver1)：如下图；
192.168.2.213(realserver2)：参照192.168.2.212(realserver1)
[root@realserver1 ~]# cp /opt/application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf /opt/application/nginx/conf/nginx.confbak #习惯把配置文件先备份，可以不做 [root@realserver1 ~]# vim /opt/application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf location / { root /data/www;#第1处修改 index index.html index.htm; } location ~ \.php$ { root /data/www;#第2处修改 fastcgi_pass 192.168.2.214:9000; #第3处修改 fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; }
五、安装NFS挂载wordpress
192.168.2.214(php-server):
[root@php-server ~]# yum install -y nfs-utils.x86_64 nfs-utils-lib.x86_64 nfs-utils-lib-devel.x86_64 # yum安装nfs程序 [root@php-server ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind start Starting rpcbind: [ OK ] [root@php-server ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs start Starting NFS services: [ OK ] Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ] Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ] Starting RPC idmapd: [ OK ] [root@php-server ~]# netstat -tulnp |grep -E '(rpc|nfs)' tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:48254 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 65830/rpc.mountd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:54949 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 65830/rpc.mountd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:39822 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 65830/rpc.mountd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 65785/rpcbind tcp 0 0 :::37923 :::* LISTEN 65830/rpc.mountd tcp 0 0 :::47075 :::* LISTEN 65830/rpc.mountd tcp 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 65785/rpcbind tcp 0 0 :::46353 :::* LISTEN 65830/rpc.mountd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:664 0.0.0.0:* 65785/rpcbind udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:59076 0.0.0.0:* 65830/rpc.mountd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:59472 0.0.0.0:* 65830/rpc.mountd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:49502 0.0.0.0:* 65830/rpc.mountd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* 65785/rpcbind udp 0 0 :::664 :::* 65785/rpcbind udp 0 0 :::36008 :::* 65830/rpc.mountd udp 0 0 :::54987 :::* 65830/rpc.mountd udp 0 0 :::44906 :::* 65830/rpc.mountd udp 0 0 :::111 :::* 65785/rpcbind [root@php-server data]# mkdir -pv /data/www mkdir: created directory `/data' mkdir: created directory `/data/www' [root@php-server data]# cat /etc/exports /data/www 192.168.2.0/24(rw,no_root_squash) [root@php-server data]# ll -d /data/www/ drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 Aug 13 04:02 /data/www/ [root@php-server data]# service nfs restart shell-init: error retrieving current directory: getcwd: cannot access parent directories: No such file or directory chdir: error retrieving current directory: getcwd: cannot access parent directories: No such file or directory Shutting down NFS daemon: [ OK ] Shutting down NFS mountd: [ OK ] Shutting down RPC idmapd: [ OK ] Starting NFS services: [ OK ] Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ] Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ] Starting RPC idmapd: [ OK ] [root@php-server data]# showmount -e 192.168.2.214 Export list for 192.168.2.214: /data/www 192.168.2.0/24 #下载wordpress到php-server并解压缩 [root@php-server www]# chown -R www.www *
192.168.2.211(realserver1):
#安装nfs [root@realserver1 html]# yum install -y nfs-utils.x86_64 nfs-utils-lib.x86_64 nfs-utils-lib-devel.x86_64 #把192.168.2.214上的程序挂载到realserver1、realserver2对应目录上 [root@realserver1 html]# mount -t nfs 192.168.2.214:/data/www/ /data/www/ #查看realserver1的mount信息 [root@realserver1 html]# mount /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,rootcontext="system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0") /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) 192.168.2.214:/data/www/ on /data/www/ type nfs (rw,vers=4,addr=192.168.2.214,clientaddr=192.168.2.212)
192.168.2.212(realserver2): 参考192.168.2.211(realserver1)，具体操作这里忽略；
192.168.2.214(mysql-server):
root@mysql-server ~]# mysql mysql> CREATE DATABASE `wordpress` CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; mysql> GRANT ALL ON wordpress.* TO 'wordpress'@'192.168.2.214' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; mysql> flush privileges;
打开浏览器输入:http://192.168.2.212；
填写相关数据
选中 “安装WordPress”
选中"登录"，跳转页面如下：
我们回到blog界面：
六、LVS安装
192.168.2.211：
[root@lvs-dr ~]# yum install -y ipvsadm [root@lvs-dr ~]# ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.2.210/24 broadcast 192.168.2.210 up [root@lvs-dr ~]# route add -host 192.168.2.210 dev eth0:0 [root@lvs-dr ~]# ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:3d:6a:9d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.2.211/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global eth0 inet 192.168.2.210/24 brd 192.168.2.210 scope global secondary eth0:0 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe3d:6a9d/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@lvs-dr ~]#
192.168.2.212(realserver1):
[root@realserver1 ~]# echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore [root@realserver1 ~]# echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore [root@realserver1 ~]# echo "2" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce [root@realserver1 ~]# echo "2" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce [root@realserver1 ~]# ifconfig lo:0 192.168.2.210 netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast 192.168.2.210 [root@realserver1 ~]# route add -host 192.168.2.210 dev lo:0 [root@realserver1 ~]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:B8:03:1C inet addr:192.168.2.212 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:feb8:31c/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:9435 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:6582 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:2278123 (2.1 MiB) TX bytes:2171329 (2.0 MiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:144 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:144 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:12523 (12.2 KiB) TX bytes:12523 (12.2 KiB) lo:0 Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:192.168.2.210 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 [root@realserver1 ~]#
192.168.2.213(realserver2)：参考192.168.2.212
192.168.2.211(lvs-dr):
[root@lvs-dr ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.2.210:80 -r 192.168.2.112 -g -w 1 [root@lvs-dr ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.2.210:80 -r 192.168.2.213 -g -w 2 [root@lvs-dr ~]# ipvsadm -L -n IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096) Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn TCP 192.168.2.210:80 rr -> 192.168.2.112:80 Route 1 0 0 -> 192.168.2.213:80 Route 2 0 0 [root@lvs-dr ~]#
0我们通过浏览器打开vip:192.168.2.21地址，能正常访问；
现在关闭192.168.2.212的nginx服务，看看lvs是能正常工作:
[root@realserver1 ~]# service nginx stop
Stopping nginx: [ OK ]
[root@realserver1 ~]#
其他的切换，博客里就不贴出来了，实验中试过OK，现在大功告成！
