Ansible流程控制
条件语句(判断)
	在各大编程语言中,流程控制、条件判断都是必不可少的,在使用Ansible的过程中,条件判断使用频率高。条件判断通俗点讲就是当满足什么条件时就执行哪些语句
ansible获取主机名
ansible_hostname:只显示第一个‘.’前面的名字
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_hostname'
        "ansible_hostname": "locahost"
ansible_fqdn:获取完整的主机名
[root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_fqdn'
        "ansible_fqdn": "locahost.local"
条件判断语法
tasks: 
  - name: "shut down Debian flavored systems" 
  	command: /sbin/shutdown -t now 
  	when: ansible_facts['os_family'] == "Debian"
# 或
tasks: 
  - name: "shut down Ubuntu flavored systems" 
    command: apt-get install apache2 
    when: ansible_os_family == "Ubuntu"
案例
通过判断系统对软件包进行安装
- hosts: rsync
  tasks:
    - name: "shut down RedHat flavored systems"
      command: yum install -y unzip
      when:  ansible_facts['os_family'] == "RedHat"
通过判断主机来安装服务和推送文件
- hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: 安装rsync和nfs服务
      yum: 
        name: 
          - rsync
          - nfs-utils
      when: ansible_hostname == 'backup' or ansible_hostname == 'nfs'
    - name: 推送rsync文件
      template: 
        src: /root/wordpress_ansible/rsync/rsyncd.conf
        dest: /etc/
      when: ansible_hostname == 'backup'
## 判断中的或与非
# and:与
# or:或
# !:非
判断是否安装nginx包
- hosts: web_group
  tasks: 
  - name: 查看nginx目录
    shell: "ls -l /etc/nginx"
    ## 通过register将命令执行结果保存到变量,然后通过when语句进行判断
    register: ng   
  - name: 判断是否安装nginx
    shell: "cd /opt && rpm-Uvh *.rpm"
    when: ng.rc != 0
    
# 模糊匹配
- hosts: all
  tasks: 
  - name: 查看nginx目录
    shell: "ls -l /etc/nginx"
    when: ansible_hostname is match 'web*'
playbook循环语句
列表循环
# 启动多个服务
- hosts: all
  tasks: 
  - name: 重新启动nginx和php
    service: 
      name: "{{ item }}"
      state: restarted
    with_items: 
      - nginx
      - php-fpm
    when: ansible_hostname is match 'web*'
字典循环
- hosts: all
  tasks: 
  - name: 重新启动nginx和php
    service: 
      name: "{{ item }}"
      state: restarted
    with_items: 
      - nginx
      - php-fpm
    when: ansible_hostname is match 'web*'
  - name: nginx and php Profile
    template: 
      src: "{{ item.src }}"
      dest: "{{ item.dest }}"
    with_items: 
      - {src: "/root/wordpress_ansible/nginx_php/nginx.conf",dest: "/etc/nginx/"}
      - {src: "/root/wordpress_ansible/nginx_php/blog.jl.com.conf",dest: "/etc/nginx/conf.d"}
    when: ansible_hostname is match 'web*'
playbook handlers(触发器)
	handlers用来执行某些条件下的任务,比如当配置文件发生变化时,通过notify触发handlers去重启服务。
	在saltstack中,只需要Watch,配置文件即可
实践案例
# 当nginx配置文件发生变化时,就重启nginx服务
- hosts: web_group
  tasks:
  - name: nginx Profile
    template: 
      src: "{{ item.src }}"
      dest: "{{ item.dest }}"
    with_items: 
      - {src: "/root/wordpress_ansible/nginx_php/nginx.conf",dest: "/etc/nginx/"}
      - {src: "/root/wordpress_ansible/nginx_php/blog.jl.com.conf",dest: "/etc/nginx/conf.d/"}
    notify: restart nginx
  - name: start nginx
    service: 
      name: nginx
      state: started
      enabled: True
  handlers: 
  - name: restart nginx
    service: 
      name: nginx
      state: restarted
handler注意事项
1.无论有多少个task调用相同的handlers,只会在所有tasks执行完成后,才会触发一次handlers
2.handlers只有在其所在的任务被执行时才会被运行,如果它所在的任务因为其他原因没有被执行,那么handlers同样也不会执行
3.handlers只会在每一个play的末尾运行一次,如果想要在playbook中间执行handlers,那么需要使用meta模块来实现。语法:meta: flush_handlers
4.如果一个play在运行到handlers的语句之前失败了,那么这个handlers将不会被执行,那么可以使用meta模块的--force-handlers选项来强制执行handlres,即使handlers所在play中途运行失败也能执行
5.不能使用handlers替代tasks
ansible任务标签
	在默认情况下,ansible在执行一个palybook时会执行剧本中定义的所有任务,ansible标签(tag)功能可以给单独任务打上标签,然后利用这些标签来指定运行playbook中的个别任务,或者不执行指定的任务
打标签的方式
- name: Install rsync
    yum:
      name: nfs-utils,rsync
      state: present
    when: ansible_hostname !=  'db01'
    tags: install_rsync
- name: Install rsync
    yum:
      name: nfs-utils,rsync
      state: present
    when: ansible_hostname !=  'db01'
    tags: 
    - install_rsync
    - create www_user
- name: cerate user
    user: 
      name: "{{ user_group }}"
      uid: "{{ id }}"
      group: "{{ id }}"
      shell: /sbin/nologin
      create_home: no
    tags: install_rsync
  - name: Install rsync
    yum:
      name: nfs-utils,rsync
      state: present
    when: ansible_hostname !=  'db01'
    tags: install_rsync
标签的使用
-t:执行指定的tag标签任务
--skip-tags:执行--skip-tags之外的标签任务
使用:
	ansible-playbook xxx.yml -t 'xxx'
	ansible-playbook xxx.yml --skip-tags 'xxx'