C#编写高性能网络服务器(源码)

最近有项目要做一个高性能网络服务器,决定下功夫搞定完成端口(IOCP),最终花了一个星期终于把它弄清楚了,并用C++写了一个版本,效率很不错。

但,从项目的总体需求来考虑,最终决定上.net平台,因此又花了一天一夜弄出了一个C#版,在这与大家分享。

一些心得体会:

1、在C#中,不用去面对完成端口的操作系统内核对象,Microsoft已经为我们提供了SocketAsyncEventArgs类,它封装了IOCP的使用。请参考:http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.net.sockets.socketasynceventargs.aspx?cs-save-lang=1&cs-lang=cpp#code-snippet-1

2、我的SocketAsyncEventArgsPool类使用List对象来存储对客户端来通信的SocketAsyncEventArgs对象,它相当于直接使用内核对象时的IoContext。我这样设计比用堆栈来实现的好处理是,我可以在SocketAsyncEventArgsPool池中找到任何一个与服务器连接的客户,主动向它发信息。而用堆栈来实现的话,要主动给客户发信息,则还要设计一个结构来存储已连接上服务器的客户。

3、对每一个客户端不管还发送还是接收,我使用同一个SocketAsyncEventArgs对象,对每一个客户端来说,通信是同步进行的,也就是说服务器高度保证同一个客户连接上要么在投递发送请求,并等待;或者是在投递接收请求,等待中。本例只做echo服务器,还未考虑由服务器主动向客户发送信息。

4、SocketAsyncEventArgs的UserToken被直接设定为被接受的客户端Socket。

5、没有使用BufferManager 类,因为我在初始化时给每一个SocketAsyncEventArgsPool中的对象分配一个缓冲区,发送时使用Arrary.Copy来进行字符拷贝,不去改变缓冲区的位置,只改变使用的长度,因此在下次投递接收请求时恢复缓冲区长度就可以了!如果要主动给客户发信息的话,可以new一个SocketAsyncEventArgs对象,或者在初始化中建立几个来专门用于主动发送信息,因为这种需求一般是进行信息群发,建立一个对象可以用于很多次信息发送,总体来看,这种花销不大,还减去了字符拷贝和消耗。

6、测试结果:(在我的笔记本上时行的,我的本本是T420 I7 8G内存)

100客户 100,000(十万次)不间断的发送接收数据(发送和接收之间没有Sleep,就一个一循环,不断的发送与接收)
耗时3004.6325 秒完成
总共 10,000,000 一千万次访问
平均每分完成 199,691.6 次发送与接收
平均每秒完成 3,328.2 次发送与接收

整个运行过程中,内存消耗在开始两三分种后就保持稳定不再增涨。

看了一下对每个客户端的延迟最多不超过2毫秒,CPU占用在8%左右。

7、下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/ztk12/4928644

8、源码:

IoContextPool.cs
 1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections.Generic;
 3 using System.Text;
 4 using System.Net.Sockets;
 5 
 6 namespace IocpServer
 7 {
 8     /// <summary>
 9     /// 与每个客户Socket相关联,进行Send和Receive投递时所需要的参数
10     /// </summary>
11     internal sealed class IoContextPool
12     {
13         List<SocketAsyncEventArgs> pool;        //为每一个Socket客户端分配一个SocketAsyncEventArgs,用一个List管理,在程序启动时建立。
14         Int32 capacity;                         //pool对象池的容量
15         Int32 boundary;                         //已分配和未分配对象的边界,大的是已经分配的,小的是未分配的
16 
17         internal IoContextPool(Int32 capacity)
18         {
19             this.pool = new List<SocketAsyncEventArgs>(capacity);
20             this.boundary = 0;
21             this.capacity = capacity;
22         }
23 
24         /// <summary>
25         /// 往pool对象池中增加新建立的对象,因为这个程序在启动时会建立好所有对象,
26         /// 故这个方法只在初始化时会被调用,因此,没有加锁。
27         /// </summary>
28         /// <param name="arg"></param>
29         /// <returns></returns>
30         internal bool Add(SocketAsyncEventArgs arg)
31         {
32             if (arg != null && pool.Count < capacity)
33             {
34                 pool.Add(arg);
35                 boundary++;
36                 return true;
37             }
38             else
39                 return false;
40         }
41 
42         /// <summary>
43         /// 取出集合中指定对象,内部使用
44         /// </summary>
45         /// <param name="index"></param>
46         /// <returns></returns>
47         //internal SocketAsyncEventArgs Get(int index)
48         //{
49         //    if (index >= 0 && index < capacity)
50         //        return pool[index];
51         //    else
52         //        return null;
53         //}
54 
55         /// <summary>
56         /// 从对象池中取出一个对象,交给一个socket来进行投递请求操作
57         /// </summary>
58         /// <returns></returns>
59         internal SocketAsyncEventArgs Pop()
60         {
61             lock (this.pool)
62             {
63                 if (boundary > 0)
64                 {
65                     --boundary;
66                     return pool[boundary];
67                 }
68                 else
69                     return null;
70             }
71         }
72 
73         /// <summary>
74         /// 一个socket客户断开,与其相关的IoContext被释放,重新投入Pool中,备用。
75         /// </summary>
76         /// <param name="arg"></param>
77         /// <returns></returns>
78         internal bool Push(SocketAsyncEventArgs arg)
79         {
80             if (arg != null)
81             {
82                 lock (this.pool)
83                 {
84                     int index = this.pool.IndexOf(arg, boundary);  //找出被断开的客户,此处一定能查到,因此index不可能为-1,必定要大于0。
85                     if (index == boundary)         //正好是边界元素
86                         boundary++;
87                     else
88                     {
89                         this.pool[index] = this.pool[boundary];     //将断开客户移到边界上,边界右移
90                         this.pool[boundary++] = arg;
91                     }
92                 }
93                 return true;
94             }
95             else
96                 return false;
97         }
98     }
99 }
IoServer.cs
  1 using System;
  2 using System.Collections.Generic;
  3 using System.Text;
  4 using System.Net.Sockets;
  5 using System.Threading;
  6 using System.Net;
  7 
  8 namespace IocpServer
  9 {
 10     /// <summary>
 11     /// 基于SocketAsyncEventArgs 实现 IOCP 服务器
 12     /// </summary>
 13     internal sealed class IoServer
 14     {
 15         /// <summary>
 16         /// 监听Socket,用于接受客户端的连接请求
 17         /// </summary>
 18         private Socket listenSocket;
 19 
 20         /// <summary>
 21         /// 用于服务器执行的互斥同步对象
 22         /// </summary>
 23         private static Mutex mutex = new Mutex();
 24 
 25         /// <summary>
 26         /// 用于每个I/O Socket操作的缓冲区大小
 27         /// </summary>
 28         private Int32 bufferSize;
 29 
 30         /// <summary>
 31         /// 服务器上连接的客户端总数
 32         /// </summary>
 33         private Int32 numConnectedSockets;
 34 
 35         /// <summary>
 36         /// 服务器能接受的最大连接数量
 37         /// </summary>
 38         private Int32 numConnections;
 39 
 40         /// <summary>
 41         /// 完成端口上进行投递所用的IoContext对象池
 42         /// </summary>
 43         private IoContextPool ioContextPool;
 44 
 45         public MainForm mainForm;
 46 
 47         /// <summary>
 48         /// 构造函数,建立一个未初始化的服务器实例
 49         /// </summary>
 50         /// <param name="numConnections">服务器的最大连接数据</param>
 51         /// <param name="bufferSize"></param>
 52         internal IoServer(Int32 numConnections, Int32 bufferSize)
 53         {
 54             this.numConnectedSockets = 0;
 55             this.numConnections = numConnections;
 56             this.bufferSize = bufferSize;
 57 
 58             this.ioContextPool = new IoContextPool(numConnections);
 59 
 60             // 为IoContextPool预分配SocketAsyncEventArgs对象
 61             for (Int32 i = 0; i < this.numConnections; i++)
 62             {
 63                 SocketAsyncEventArgs ioContext = new SocketAsyncEventArgs();
 64                 ioContext.Completed += new EventHandler<SocketAsyncEventArgs>(OnIOCompleted);
 65                 ioContext.SetBuffer(new Byte[this.bufferSize], 0, this.bufferSize);
 66 
 67                 // 将预分配的对象加入SocketAsyncEventArgs对象池中
 68                 this.ioContextPool.Add(ioContext);
 69             }
 70         }
 71 
 72         /// <summary>
 73         /// 当Socket上的发送或接收请求被完成时,调用此函数
 74         /// </summary>
 75         /// <param name="sender">激发事件的对象</param>
 76         /// <param name="e">与发送或接收完成操作相关联的SocketAsyncEventArg对象</param>
 77         private void OnIOCompleted(object sender, SocketAsyncEventArgs e)
 78         {
 79             // Determine which type of operation just completed and call the associated handler.
 80             switch (e.LastOperation)
 81             {
 82                 case SocketAsyncOperation.Receive:
 83                     this.ProcessReceive(e);
 84                     break;
 85                 case SocketAsyncOperation.Send:
 86                     this.ProcessSend(e);
 87                     break;
 88                 default:
 89                     throw new ArgumentException("The last operation completed on the socket was not a receive or send");
 90             }
 91         }
 92 
 93         /// <summary>
 94         ///接收完成时处理函数
 95         /// </summary>
 96         /// <param name="e">与接收完成操作相关联的SocketAsyncEventArg对象</param>
 97         private void ProcessReceive(SocketAsyncEventArgs e)
 98         {
 99             // 检查远程主机是否关闭连接
100             if (e.BytesTransferred > 0)
101             {
102                 if (e.SocketError == SocketError.Success)
103                 {
104                     Socket s = (Socket)e.UserToken;
105                     //判断所有需接收的数据是否已经完成
106                     if (s.Available == 0)
107                     {
108                         // 设置发送数据
109                         Array.Copy(e.Buffer, 0, e.Buffer, e.BytesTransferred, e.BytesTransferred);
110                         e.SetBuffer(e.Offset, e.BytesTransferred * 2);
111                         if (!s.SendAsync(e))        //投递发送请求,这个函数有可能同步发送出去,这时返回false,并且不会引发SocketAsyncEventArgs.Completed事件
112                         {
113                             // 同步发送时处理发送完成事件
114                             this.ProcessSend(e);
115                         }
116                     }
117                     else if (!s.ReceiveAsync(e))    //为接收下一段数据,投递接收请求,这个函数有可能同步完成,这时返回false,并且不会引发SocketAsyncEventArgs.Completed事件
118                     {
119                         // 同步接收时处理接收完成事件
120                         this.ProcessReceive(e);
121                     }
122                 }
123                 else
124                 {
125                     this.ProcessError(e);
126                 }
127             }
128             else
129             {
130                 this.CloseClientSocket(e);
131             }
132         }
133 
134         /// <summary>
135         /// 发送完成时处理函数
136         /// </summary>
137         /// <param name="e">与发送完成操作相关联的SocketAsyncEventArg对象</param>
138         private void ProcessSend(SocketAsyncEventArgs e)
139         {
140             if (e.SocketError == SocketError.Success)
141             {
142                 Socket s = (Socket)e.UserToken;
143 
144                 //接收时根据接收的字节数收缩了缓冲区的大小,因此投递接收请求时,恢复缓冲区大小
145                 e.SetBuffer(0, bufferSize);
146                 if (!s.ReceiveAsync(e))     //投递接收请求
147                 {
148                     // 同步接收时处理接收完成事件
149                     this.ProcessReceive(e);
150                 }
151             }
152             else
153             {
154                 this.ProcessError(e);
155             }
156         }
157 
158         /// <summary>
159         /// 处理socket错误
160         /// </summary>
161         /// <param name="e"></param>
162         private void ProcessError(SocketAsyncEventArgs e)
163         {
164             Socket s = e.UserToken as Socket;
165             IPEndPoint localEp = s.LocalEndPoint as IPEndPoint;
166 
167             this.CloseClientSocket(s, e);
168 
169             string outStr = String.Format("套接字错误 {0}, IP {1}, 操作 {2}。", (Int32)e.SocketError, localEp, e.LastOperation);
170             mainForm.Invoke(mainForm.setlistboxcallback, outStr);
171             //Console.WriteLine("Socket error {0} on endpoint {1} during {2}.", (Int32)e.SocketError, localEp, e.LastOperation);
172         }
173 
174         /// <summary>
175         /// 关闭socket连接
176         /// </summary>
177         /// <param name="e">SocketAsyncEventArg associated with the completed send/receive operation.</param>
178         private void CloseClientSocket(SocketAsyncEventArgs e)
179         {
180             Socket s = e.UserToken as Socket;
181             this.CloseClientSocket(s, e);
182         }
183 
184         private void CloseClientSocket(Socket s, SocketAsyncEventArgs e)
185         {
186             Interlocked.Decrement(ref this.numConnectedSockets);
187 
188             // SocketAsyncEventArg 对象被释放,压入可重用队列。
189             this.ioContextPool.Push(e);            
190             string outStr = String.Format("客户 {0} 断开, 共有 {1} 个连接。", s.RemoteEndPoint.ToString(), this.numConnectedSockets);
191             mainForm.Invoke(mainForm.setlistboxcallback, outStr);            
192             //Console.WriteLine("A client has been disconnected from the server. There are {0} clients connected to the server", this.numConnectedSockets);
193             try
194             {
195                 s.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Send);
196             }
197             catch (Exception)
198             {
199                 // Throw if client has closed, so it is not necessary to catch.
200             }
201             finally
202             {
203                 s.Close();
204             }
205         }
206 
207         /// <summary>
208         /// accept 操作完成时回调函数
209         /// </summary>
210         /// <param name="sender">Object who raised the event.</param>
211         /// <param name="e">SocketAsyncEventArg associated with the completed accept operation.</param>
212         private void OnAcceptCompleted(object sender, SocketAsyncEventArgs e)
213         {
214             this.ProcessAccept(e);
215         }
216 
217         /// <summary>
218         /// 监听Socket接受处理
219         /// </summary>
220         /// <param name="e">SocketAsyncEventArg associated with the completed accept operation.</param>
221         private void ProcessAccept(SocketAsyncEventArgs e)
222         {
223             Socket s = e.AcceptSocket;
224             if (s.Connected)
225             {
226                 try
227                 {
228                     SocketAsyncEventArgs ioContext = this.ioContextPool.Pop();
229                     if (ioContext != null)
230                     {
231                         // 从接受的客户端连接中取数据配置ioContext
232 
233                         ioContext.UserToken = s;
234 
235                         Interlocked.Increment(ref this.numConnectedSockets);
236                         string outStr = String.Format("客户 {0} 连入, 共有 {1} 个连接。",  s.RemoteEndPoint.ToString(),this.numConnectedSockets);
237                         mainForm.Invoke(mainForm.setlistboxcallback,outStr);
238                         //Console.WriteLine("Client connection accepted. There are {0} clients connected to the server",
239                             //this.numConnectedSockets);
240 
241                         if (!s.ReceiveAsync(ioContext))
242                         {
243                             this.ProcessReceive(ioContext);
244                         }
245                     }
246                     else        //已经达到最大客户连接数量,在这接受连接,发送“连接已经达到最大数”,然后断开连接
247                     {
248                         s.Send(Encoding.Default.GetBytes("连接已经达到最大数!"));
249                         string outStr = String.Format("连接已满,拒绝 {0} 的连接。", s.RemoteEndPoint);
250                         mainForm.Invoke(mainForm.setlistboxcallback, outStr);
251                         s.Close();
252                    }
253                 }
254                 catch (SocketException ex)
255                 {
256                     Socket token = e.UserToken as Socket;
257                     string outStr = String.Format("接收客户 {0} 数据出错, 异常信息: {1} 。", token.RemoteEndPoint, ex.ToString());
258                     mainForm.Invoke(mainForm.setlistboxcallback, outStr);
259                     //Console.WriteLine("Error when processing data received from {0}:\r\n{1}", token.RemoteEndPoint, ex.ToString());
260                 }
261                 catch (Exception ex)
262                 {
263                     mainForm.Invoke(mainForm.setlistboxcallback, "异常:" + ex.ToString());
264                 }
265                 // 投递下一个接受请求
266                 this.StartAccept(e);
267             }
268         }
269 
270         /// <summary>
271         /// 从客户端开始接受一个连接操作
272         /// </summary>
273         /// <param name="acceptEventArg">The context object to use when issuing 
274         /// the accept operation on the server's listening socket.</param>
275         private void StartAccept(SocketAsyncEventArgs acceptEventArg)
276         {
277             if (acceptEventArg == null)
278             {
279                 acceptEventArg = new SocketAsyncEventArgs();
280                 acceptEventArg.Completed += new EventHandler<SocketAsyncEventArgs>(OnAcceptCompleted);
281             }
282             else
283             {
284                 // 重用前进行对象清理
285                 acceptEventArg.AcceptSocket = null;
286             }
287 
288             if (!this.listenSocket.AcceptAsync(acceptEventArg))
289             {
290                 this.ProcessAccept(acceptEventArg);
291             }
292         }
293 
294         /// <summary>
295         /// 启动服务,开始监听
296         /// </summary>
297         /// <param name="port">Port where the server will listen for connection requests.</param>
298         internal void Start(Int32 port)
299         {
300             // 获得主机相关信息
301             IPAddress[] addressList = Dns.GetHostEntry(Environment.MachineName).AddressList;
302             IPEndPoint localEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(addressList[addressList.Length - 1], port);
303 
304             // 创建监听socket
305             this.listenSocket = new Socket(localEndPoint.AddressFamily, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
306             this.listenSocket.ReceiveBufferSize = this.bufferSize;
307             this.listenSocket.SendBufferSize = this.bufferSize;
308 
309             if (localEndPoint.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6)
310             {
311                 // 配置监听socket为 dual-mode (IPv4 & IPv6) 
312                 // 27 is equivalent to IPV6_V6ONLY socket option in the winsock snippet below,
313                 this.listenSocket.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.IPv6, (SocketOptionName)27, false);
314                 this.listenSocket.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.IPv6Any, localEndPoint.Port));
315             }
316             else
317             {
318                 this.listenSocket.Bind(localEndPoint);
319             }
320 
321             // 开始监听
322             this.listenSocket.Listen(this.numConnections);
323 
324             // 在监听Socket上投递一个接受请求。
325             this.StartAccept(null);
326 
327             // Blocks the current thread to receive incoming messages.
328             mutex.WaitOne();
329         }
330 
331         /// <summary>
332         /// 停止服务
333         /// </summary>
334         internal void Stop()
335         {
336             this.listenSocket.Close();
337             mutex.ReleaseMutex();
338         }
339 
340     }
341 }

 

 
posted @ 2012-12-26 10:16  zhoutk  阅读(26800)  评论(58编辑  收藏  举报