WebBench

转自:https://blog.csdn.net/z_xiao_xue/article/details/76099899

WebBench的下载安装
1.下载


命令:wget http://home.tiscali.cz/~cz210552/distfiles/webbench-1.5.tar.gz


2.解压缩


命令:tar zxvf webbench-1.5.tar.gz


3.进入webbench目录文件


命令:cd webbench


4.安装


命令1:make


命令2:make install


5.运行


webbench -c 10 -t 20 http://www.baidu.com/


WebBench的主要工作原理

WebBench中各函数的流程及功能
1.build_request()函数------生成HTTP请求
获取请求方法
添加空行
判断URL
获取代理服务器的ip和端口号
获取http版本
2.bench()函数------创建各子进程以发送http请求,并收集统计数据
检测目标服务器是否可以连接,使用connect()
创建一对管道,使用mypipe
创建指定个数的clients的子进程,使用fork()
在子进程中:调用benchcore()执行测试
      向管道写入三项数据,成功次数,失败次数,字节数
在父进程中:循环clients次,从管道读入子进程的三项数据
        汇总三项数据总和
打印统计结果
benchcore()函数------(在子进程中)反复发送http请求
设置信号,安装闹钟
循环,直到服务器超时
连接服务器,获取fd,更改失败次数
写入http请求,更改失败次数
对HTTP0.9版本做特殊处理
等服务器响应,反复从fd读入相应数据,累加,失败的话更改失败次数
关闭fd
更改成功次数

详细源码剖析
webbench.c

/*
 * (C) Radim Kolar 1997-2004
 * This is free software, see GNU Public License version 2 for
 * details.
 *
 * Simple forking WWW Server benchmark:
 *
 * Usage:
 *   webbench --help
 *
 * Return codes:
 *    0 - sucess
 *    1 - benchmark failed (server is not on-line)
 *    2 - bad param
 *    3 - internal error, fork failed
 * 
 */ 
#include "socket.c"
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <rpc/types.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <signal.h>
 
#define METHOD_GET 0
#define METHOD_HEAD 1
#define METHOD_OPTIONS 2
#define METHOD_TRACE 3
#define PROGRAM_VERSION "1.5"
#define REQUEST_SIZE 2048
 
/* values */
volatile int timerexpired=0;//判断压测试时长是否已经达到设定时间
int speed=0;//进程成功得到服务器相应的数量
int failed=0;//失败的数量(speed代表成功,failed代表失败)
int bytes=0;//进程成功从服务器读取的字节数
 
/* globals */
int http10=1; /* http版本,0代表http/0.9, 1代表http/1.0, 2代表http/1.1 */
 
/*请求方法:GET, HEAD, OPTIONS, TRACE */
 
int method=METHOD_GET;//默认为GET方法
int clients=1;        //发起请求的客户端数目,默认为1,可以通过-c/-client选项设置
int force=0;            //是否需要等待读取从server返回的数据,0表示等待读取
int force_reload=0;    //是否使用缓存,1表示不缓存,0表示缓存-----是否重新请求
int proxyport=80;        //代理服务器端口号
char *proxyhost=NULL;//代理服务器IP,初始化为NULL
int benchtime=30;        //压测时间,默认为30秒,可以通过-t/-time选项设置
 
/* internal */
int mypipe[2];
char host[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];    //服务器端ip
char request[REQUEST_SIZE];    //保存请求报文,(请求行,请求报头,空行,请求正文)
 
/*
struct option {
    const char *name;
    int has_arg;
    int *flag;
    int val;
};
struct option结构体中元素解释如下:
1.const char *name;    //选项名
2.int has_arg;        //描述长选项是否有选项参数
has_arg有3个值,
符号常量             数值            含义
no_argument          0        表示该选项后面不跟参数值,
required_argument  1        表示该选项后面一定跟参数值,        
optional_argument  2        表示该选项后面可以跟,也可以不跟参数值
3.int* flag;            //用来决定,getopt_long()的返回值到底是什么,
如果flag为NULL,则函数会返回与该项option匹配的val值,
如果flag不是NULL,则将val值赋予flag所指向的内存,并且返回0
4.int val;            //如果flag为NULL,那么val通常是个字符常量,
如果短选项与长选项一致,那么该字符就应该与optstring中出现的这个选项的参数相同
*/
 
//struct option结构体初始化
static const struct option long_options[]=
{
 {"force",no_argument,&force,1},
 {"reload",no_argument,&force_reload,1},
 {"time",required_argument,NULL,'t'},
 {"help",no_argument,NULL,'?'},
 {"http09",no_argument,NULL,'9'},
 {"http10",no_argument,NULL,'1'},
 {"http11",no_argument,NULL,'2'},
 {"get",no_argument,&method,METHOD_GET},
 {"head",no_argument,&method,METHOD_HEAD},
 {"options",no_argument,&method,METHOD_OPTIONS},
 {"trace",no_argument,&method,METHOD_TRACE},
 {"version",no_argument,NULL,'V'},
 {"proxy",required_argument,NULL,'p'},
 {"clients",required_argument,NULL,'c'},
 {NULL,0,NULL,0}
};
 
/* prototypes */
static void benchcore(const char* host,const int port, const char *request);
static int bench(void);
static void build_request(const char *url);
 
/*信号处理函数,当测试时间完成时产生SIGALARM信号,,调用此函数,将timerexpried置为1,表示子进程需要退出
在后面的函数调用时会看到,在程序的while循环中会不断检测此值,只有timerexpired为1时,程序才会跳出while循环
并返回*/
static void alarm_handler(int signal)
{
   timerexpired=1;//timerexpired:判断压测时长是否已经达到设定时间
}    
 
/*
usage函数:webbench用法介绍
    -f|--force               不需要等待服务器响应
    -r|--reload              发送重新加载请求
    -t|--time <sec>          运行多长时间,单位是秒
    -p|--proxy <server:port> 使用代理服务器发送请求
    -c|--clients <n>         创建多少个客户端
    -9|--http09              使用HTTP/0.9
    -1|--http10              使用HTTP/1.0协议
    -2|--http11              使用HTTP/1.1协议
    --get                    使用GET方法请求
    --head                   使用HEAD方法请求
    --options                使用OPTIONS方法请求
    --trace                  使用TRACE方法请求
    -?|-h|--help             打印帮助信息
    -V|--version               显示版本号
*/
 
static void usage(void)
{
   fprintf(stderr,
    "webbench [option]... URL\n"
    "  -f|--force               Don't wait for reply from server.\n"
    "  -r|--reload              Send reload request - Pragma: no-cache.\n"
    "  -t|--time <sec>          Run benchmark for <sec> seconds. Default 30.\n"
    "  -p|--proxy <server:port> Use proxy server for request.\n"
    "  -c|--clients <n>         Run <n> HTTP clients at once. Default one.\n"
    "  -9|--http09              Use HTTP/0.9 style requests.\n"
    "  -1|--http10              Use HTTP/1.0 protocol.\n"
    "  -2|--http11              Use HTTP/1.1 protocol.\n"
    "  --get                    Use GET request method.\n"
    "  --head                   Use HEAD request method.\n"
    "  --options                Use OPTIONS request method.\n"
    "  --trace                  Use TRACE request method.\n"
    "  -?|-h|--help             This information.\n"
    "  -V|--version             Display program version.\n"
    );
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int opt=0;
    int options_index=0;
    char *tmp=NULL;
 
    if(argc==1)
    {
        usage();
        return 2;
    } 
 
 /*getopt_long函数
函数功能:用来解析命令行参数,参数argc和argv分别代表参数个数和内容,跟main函数里的命令行参数一样
int getopt_long(int argc, char* argv[], const char* optstring, const struct option* longopts, int* longindex);
参数optstring:为选项字符串,告诉getopt可以处理那个选项以及哪个选项需要参数,如果选项字符串里的字母接着冒号: ":",
则表示还有相关的参数,全局变量optarg即会指向此额外参数,如果在处理期间遇到了不符合optstring指定的其它选项,
getopt将会显示一个错误消息,并将全局变量设置为"?"字符将全局变量设置为0则不会打印出错信息。
返回值:每次调用该函数,它都会分析一个选项,并且返回它的短选项,如果分析完毕,即没有选项了,则会返回-1
*/
    while((opt=getopt_long(argc,argv,"912Vfrt:p:c:?h",long_options,&options_index))!=EOF )
    {
     /*
     #include<unistd.h>
     extern char* optarg;//选项的参数指针
     extern int optind;  //下一次调用getopt_long时,从optind存储的位置处重新开始检查选项
     extern int opterr;  //当opterr=0时,getopt_long不向stderr输出错误信息
     extern int optopt;  //当命令行选项字符不包括在optstring中或缺少必要参数时,该选项存储在optopt中,
                         getopt_long返回'?'*/
        switch(opt)
        {
        case  0 : break;
        case 'f': force=1;break;
        case 'r': force_reload=1;break; 
        case '9': http10=0;break;
        case '1': http10=1;break;
        case '2': http10=2;break;
        case 'V': printf(PROGRAM_VERSION"\n");exit(0);
        case 't': benchtime=atoi(optarg);break;         //optarg是选项的参数指针,-t选项后跟的是运行时长
        case 'p': //返回字符'p',说明使用代理服务器
         /* proxy server parsing server:port */
         /*代理服务器解析:IP:Port  eg: 192.168.237.128:8080  */
            tmp=strrchr(optarg,':');//tmp = ":8080"
            proxyhost=optarg;
            if(tmp==NULL)
            {
                break;
            }
            if(tmp==optarg)//tmp == ":8080" == optorg 没有主机IP,只有端口号
            {
                fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s: Missing hostname.\n",optarg);
                return 2;
            }
            if(tmp==optarg+strlen(optarg)-1)//org == "192.168.237.128:" == tmp, 没有代理服务器端口号
            {
                fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s Port number is missing.\n",optarg);
                return 2;
            }
            *tmp='\0';//正常情况 tmp = ":8080" tmp+1 = "8080"
            proxyport=atoi(tmp+1);
            break;
        case ':':
        case 'h':
        case '?': usage();return 2;break;//getopt_long在分析选项时,遇到一个没有定义过的选项,则返回值为'?'
        case 'c': clients=atoi(optarg);break; //这时,optarg指向的参数信息是客户端数目
        }
    }
    if(optind==argc)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"webbench: Missing URL!\n");
        usage();
        return 2;
    }
    
    if(clients==0)
        clients=1;
    if(benchtime==0)
        benchtime=60;
 /* Copyright */
    fprintf(stderr,"Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark "PROGRAM_VERSION"\n""Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.\n");
 
    build_request(argv[optind]);//argv[optind]=URL,构造请求报头
 /* print bench info */
 //打印测试的相关信息
    printf("\nBenchmarking: ");
    switch(method)
    {
    case METHOD_GET:
    default:
        printf("GET");break;
    case METHOD_OPTIONS:
        printf("OPTIONS");break;
    case METHOD_HEAD:
        printf("HEAD");break;
    case METHOD_TRACE:
        printf("TRACE");break;
    }
    printf(" %s",argv[optind]);
    switch(http10)
    {
    case 0: printf(" (using HTTP/0.9)");break;
    case 2: printf(" (using HTTP/1.1)");break;
    }
    printf("\n");
    if(clients==1) 
        printf("1 client");
    else
        printf("%d clients",clients);
 
    printf(", running %d sec", benchtime);
    if(force) 
        printf(", early socket close");
    if(proxyhost!=NULL) 
        printf(", via proxy server %s:%d",proxyhost,proxyport);
    if(force_reload) 
        printf(", forcing reload");
    
    printf(".\n");
 
 //核心代码
    return bench();
}
 
//构造请求报头
void build_request(const char *url)
{
    char tmp[10];
    int i;
 
  /*int bzero(void* s, size_t n);将内存块(字符串s)中的前n个字节置为0,包括'\0'*/
    bzero(host,MAXHOSTNAMELEN);
    bzero(request,REQUEST_SIZE);
 
  //设置http版本信息
    if(force_reload && proxyhost!=NULL && http10<1) http10=1;
    if(method==METHOD_HEAD && http10<1) http10=1;
    if(method==METHOD_OPTIONS && http10<2) http10=2;
    if(method==METHOD_TRACE && http10<2) http10=2;
 
  //获得请求方法
    switch(method)
    {
    default:
    case METHOD_GET: strcpy(request,"GET");break;
    case METHOD_HEAD: strcpy(request,"HEAD");break;
    case METHOD_OPTIONS: strcpy(request,"OPTIONS");break;
    case METHOD_TRACE: strcpy(request,"TRACE");break;
    }
    strcat(request," ");
 
    if(NULL==strstr(url,"://"))
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "\n%s: is not a valid URL.\n",url);
        exit(2);
    }
    if(strlen(url)>1500)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"URL is too long.\n");
        exit(2);
    }
    if(proxyhost==NULL)
        if (0!=strncasecmp("http://",url,7)) 
        {
            fprintf(stderr,"\nOnly HTTP protocol is directly supported, set --proxy for others.\n");
            exit(2);
        }
  /* protocol/host delimiter */
  // eg: url = "http://www.baidu.com/" --- i = 4-0+3 = 7 这时i指向第一个w的位置
        i=strstr(url,"://")-url+3;
 
  /* printf("%d\n",i); */
  //此时url+i = "www.baidu.com/", 寻找'/'是否是url+i的子串,因为主机名必须以'/'结尾
        if(strchr(url+i,'/')==NULL) 
        {
            fprintf(stderr,"\nInvalid URL syntax - hostname don't ends with '/'.\n");
            exit(2);
        }
        if(proxyhost==NULL)//没有代理主机
        {
        /* get port from hostname */
        /* index(s, c)函数返回c在s中第一次出现的位置*/
            if(index(url+i,':')!=NULL && index(url+i,':')<index(url+i,'/'))//有代理主机端口号
            {
                //eg:http://www.baidu.com/:8080  strchr(str,val)查找字符串str中首次出现val的位置 
                //把url+i位置开始的21-0-7=14个字符赋值给host host=www.baidu.com/
                strncpy(host,url+i,strchr(url+i,':')-url-i);
                //清空tmp的前10个字节位置     
                bzero(tmp,10);
                //将端口号放到tmp中去
                strncpy(tmp,index(url+i,':')+1,strchr(url+i,'/')-index(url+i,':')-1);
                /* printf("tmp=%s\n",tmp); */
                proxyport=atoi(tmp);    //将端口号赋值给roxyport
                if(proxyport==0) proxyport=80;
            } 
            else//没有端口号 eg: http://www.baidu.com/
            {
                strncpy(host,url+i,strcspn(url+i,"/"));
            }
            // printf("Host=%s\n",host);
            //#############################################
            //why here using request+strlen(request)?
            strcat(request+strlen(request),url+i+strcspn(url+i,"/"));
        } 
        else //有代理主机
        {
            // printf("ProxyHost=%s\nProxyPort=%d\n",proxyhost,proxyport);
            strcat(request,url);
        }
        if(http10==1)
            strcat(request," HTTP/1.0");
        else if (http10==2)
            strcat(request," HTTP/1.1");
        strcat(request,"\r\n");
        if(http10>0)
            strcat(request,"User-Agent: WebBench "PROGRAM_VERSION"\r\n");
        if(proxyhost==NULL && http10>0)
        {
            strcat(request,"Host: ");
            strcat(request,host);
            strcat(request,"\r\n");
        }
        if(force_reload && proxyhost!=NULL)
        {
            strcat(request,"Pragma: no-cache\r\n");
        }
        //添加Connection:close连接为短连接,一次连接即时关闭
        if(http10>1)
            strcat(request,"Connection: close\r\n");
        /* add empty line at end */
        //添加空行
        if(http10>0) 
            strcat(request,"\r\n"); 
        // printf("Req=%s\n",request);
}
 
/* vraci system rc error kod */
static int bench(void)
{
    int i,j,k;    
    pid_t pid=0;
    FILE *f;
 
  /* check avaibility of target server */
  //调用socket.c代码,建立一次TCP连接
    i=Socket(proxyhost==NULL?host:proxyhost,proxyport);
    if(i<0)
    { 
        fprintf(stderr,"\nConnect to server failed. Aborting benchmark.\n");
        return 1;
    }
 
    //why close i?
    close(i);
    /* create pipe */
    if(pipe(mypipe))
    {
        perror("pipe failed.");
        return 3;
    }
 
    /* not needed, since we have alarm() in childrens */
     /* wait 4 next system clock tick */
     /*
     cas=time(NULL);
     while(time(NULL)==cas)
          sched_yield();
     */
 
     /* fork childs */
    //fork出clients个子进程
    for(i=0;i<clients;i++)
    {
        pid=fork();
        if(pid <= (pid_t) 0)
        {
           /* child process or error*/
            sleep(1); /* make childs faster */
            break;
        }
    }
 
    if( pid< (pid_t) 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"problems forking worker no. %d\n",i);
        perror("fork failed.");
        return 3;
    }
 
    if(pid== (pid_t) 0)
    {
        /* I am a child */
        if(proxyhost==NULL)
            benchcore(host,proxyport,request);
        else
            benchcore(proxyhost,proxyport,request);
 
        /* write results to pipe */
        //子进程把测试结果输出到管道
        f=fdopen(mypipe[1],"w");
        if(f==NULL)
        {
            perror("open pipe for writing failed.");
            return 3;
        }
        /* fprintf(stderr,"Child - %d %d\n",speed,failed); */
        fprintf(f,"%d %d %d\n",speed,failed,bytes);
        fclose(f);
        return 0;
    } 
    else//如果是父进程,从管道读出数据,并汇总数据信息
    {
        f=fdopen(mypipe[0],"r");
        if(f==NULL) 
        {
            perror("open pipe for reading failed.");
            return 3;
        }
        //设置缓冲区,_IONBF表示没有缓存
        setvbuf(f,NULL,_IONBF,0);
        speed=0;
        failed=0;
        bytes=0;
 
        while(1)
        {
            pid=fscanf(f,"%d %d %d",&i,&j,&k);
            if(pid<2)
            {
                fprintf(stderr,"Some of our childrens died.\n");
                break;
            }
            speed+=i;
            failed+=j;
            bytes+=k;
            /* fprintf(stderr,"*Knock* %d %d read=%d\n",speed,failed,pid); */
            //记录读了多少个子进程的数据,读完就退出
            if(--clients==0)
                break;
        }
        fclose(f);
 
      //将结果打印在屏幕上
        printf("\nSpeed=%d pages/min, %d bytes/sec.\nRequests: %d susceed, %d failed.\n",\
            (int)((speed+failed)/(benchtime/60.0f)),\
            (int)(bytes/(float)benchtime),speed,failed);
    }
    return i;
}
 
void benchcore(const char *host,const int port,const char *req)
{
    int rlen;
    char buf[1500];//保存服务器的响应报文
    int s,i;
    struct sigaction sa;
 
    /* setup alarm signal handler 注册SIGARALM信号的信号处理函数*/
    sa.sa_handler=alarm_handler;
    sa.sa_flags=0;
    if(sigaction(SIGALRM,&sa,NULL))
        exit(3);
    alarm(benchtime);    //设置闹钟,超时发送SIGARALM信号
 
    rlen=strlen(req);    //计算请求报文的长度
nexttry:while(1)
        {
            if(timerexpired)//一旦超时,则返回
            {
                if(failed>0)
                {
                /* fprintf(stderr,"Correcting failed by signal\n"); */
                    failed--;
                }
                return;
            }
 
            s=Socket(host,port);                          
            if(s<0)
            { 
                failed++;
                continue;
            } 
        //向服务器发出请求
            if(rlen!=write(s,req,rlen))
            {
                failed++;
                close(s);
                continue;
            }
            if(http10==0) //针对http0.9做的特殊处理
                if(shutdown(s,1)) //调用shutdown函数使客户端不能呢向服务器发送请求,成功-->0,失败-->-1
                { 
                    failed++;
                    close(s);
                    continue;
                }
 
                if(force==0) //force==0 等待从server返回的数据
                {
                /* read all available data from socket */
                    while(1)
                    {
                        if(timerexpired) 
                            break; 
                        i=read(s,buf,1500);//读取从服务器返回的数据,保存到buf中
                /* fprintf(stderr,"%d\n",i); */
                        if(i<0) 
                        { 
                            failed++;
                            close(s);
                            goto nexttry;
                        }
                        else
                            if(i==0) 
                                break;
                            else
                                bytes+=i;
                    }
                }
                if(close(s)) 
                {
                    failed++;
                    continue;
                }
                speed++;
        }
}

 Socket.c

/* $Id: socket.c 1.1 1995/01/01 07:11:14 cthuang Exp $
 *
 * This module has been modified by Radim Kolar for OS/2 emx
 */
 
/***********************************************************************
  module:       socket.c
  program:      popclient
  SCCS ID:      @(#)socket.c    1.5  4/1/94
  programmer:   Virginia Tech Computing Center
  compiler:     DEC RISC C compiler (Ultrix 4.1)
  environment:  DEC Ultrix 4.3 
  description:  UNIX sockets code.
 ***********************************************************************/
 
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
 
int Socket(const char *host, int clientPort)
{
    int sock;
    unsigned long inaddr;
    struct sockaddr_in ad;
    struct hostent *hp;
    
    //初始化地址,
    memset(&ad, 0, sizeof(ad));
    ad.sin_family = AF_INET;
 
    //尝试把主机名转化为数字,出错返回INADDR_NONE
    inaddr = inet_addr(host);
    if (inaddr != INADDR_NONE)
        memcpy(&ad.sin_addr, &inaddr, sizeof(inaddr));
    else
    {
        hp = gethostbyname(host);//获取ip地址
        if (hp == NULL)
            return -1;
        memcpy(&ad.sin_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);
    }
    ad.sin_port = htons(clientPort);
    
    //建立socket
    sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (sock < 0)
        return sock;
    //进行连接
    if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&ad, sizeof(ad)) < 0)
        return -1;
    return sock;
}
 

 

posted @ 2018-11-20 17:17  one_person  阅读(415)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报