解决Too many connections问题

有些人觉得,解决too many connections问题,灰非简单,down了mysql,修改my.cnf调大max_connections,好吧,你想法是没错的,这的确可以解决问题,但试问对于线上在跑的MySQL,你能随便down吗?嘻嘻,如果不行,只能用另外的方法了

一旦出现了too many connections错误,DBA或者运维人员已经连接不上MySQL去动态修改max_connections了,下面做实验来演示一下:

为了方便演示,我把max_connections调小到4:

mysql> set global max_connections=4;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'max_connec%';
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name      | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| max_connect_errors | 10    |
| max_connections    | 4     |
+--------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

然后打开几个seesion连接mysql,当连接超出4个时,报以下错误:

[root ~]$ mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/mysql-5.5/mysql.sock
ERROR 1040 (HY000): Too many connections

提示也非常明显,就是我们配置的连接数太小,现在已经用完了,这时我们只能通过hack的方法,用过gdb直接修改mysqld内存中max_connections的值,具体做法如下:

可能很人的系统环境上没有安装gdb,安装下即可:

[root ~]$ gdb -p $(cat /data/mysql-5.5/localhost.localdomain.pid) -ex "set max_connections=500" -batch  
-bash: gdb: command not found
[root ~]$ yum install gdb -y

然后执行gdb -p $(cat /data/mysql-5.5/localhost.localdomain.pid) -ex "set max_connections=500" -batch;  cat后面跟的是你当前mysql服务的pid文件,根据自己的存放指定即可,后面是修改mysqld内存中max_connections为多少

也可以这样查看自己的pid文件存放在那里:

mysql> show variables like '%pid%';
+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value                                     |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
| pid_file      | /data/mysql-5.5/localhost.localdomain.pid |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

[root ~]$ gdb -p $(cat /data/mysql-5.5/localhost.localdomain.pid) -ex "set max_connections=500" -batch  
[New LWP 17980]
[New LWP 17948]
[New LWP 17910]
[New LWP 17878]
[New LWP 17803]
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
0x00007f49f1c82333 in poll () from /lib64/libc.so.6

这时已经可以连接mysql了,查看它的max_connections已经不再是之前的4了,而是500了

mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/mysql-5.5/mysql.sock
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.5.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show global variables like 'max_conn%';
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name      | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| max_connect_errors | 10    |
| max_connections    | 500   |
+--------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.04 sec)

mysql> 

在Percona5.5的thread_pool里面提供了2个参数extra_port和extra_max_connections预留额外的连接,预防连接满了以后我们无法进入数据库进行相应的管理。

[root msb_5_5_40]$ ./use 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.40-36.1 Percona Server (GPL), Release 36.1, Revision 707

Copyright (c) 2009-2014 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql ((none)) > show variables like '%extra%';
+-----------------------+-------+
| Variable_name         | Value |
+-----------------------+-------+
| extra_max_connections | 1     |
| extra_port            | 10010 |
+-----------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

当出现超出最大链接的错误时,可以指定用户名 密码 端口登录,端口为extra_port设置的,不是mysql服务自身的端口,相信大家都觉得这个功能很贴心吧,哈哈^.^

总结:

通常有两个参数控制控制最大连接数:

max_connections:该实例允许最大的连接数

max_user_connections:该实例允许每个用户的最大连接数 

每个人要根本自己业务量,设置合适的值,不要盲目有设置过大,但也不设置过小,因为MySQL在连接数上升的情况下性能下降非常厉害,如果需要大量连接,这时可以引入thread_pool,所以我们需要保持一个原则:系统创建的用户(给应用使用用户)数* max_user_connections  < max_connections。这样就不会发生文章开始说的问题。

 

参考资料:

http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/2010/03/23/too-many-connections-no-problem/

http://www.percona.com/doc/percona-server/5.5/performance/threadpool.html

http://www.cnblogs.com/gomysql/p/3834797.html

 

作者:陆炫志

出处:xuanzhi的博客 http://www.cnblogs.com/xuanzhi201111

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posted @ 2014-12-09 17:17  GoogSQL  阅读(4272)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报