Linux c socket编程
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Linux c socket编程:简单的客户端(client)和服务端(server)实现
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发布时间:2013-8-13 </div>
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<b>本文导语:</b> 1 基本socket函数 Linux系统是通过提供套接字(socket)来进行网络编程的。网络的socket数据传输是一种特殊的I/O,socket也是一种文件描述符。socket也有一个类似于打开文件的函数：socket(),调用socket(),该函数返回一个整型的socket... </div>
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<p><strong><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">1 基本<a class="inlink" href="/tag/socket" target="_blank">socket</a><a class="inlink" href="/tag/函数" target="_blank">函数</a></span></strong><br></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> <a class="inlink" href="/tag/linux" target="_blank">Linux</a><a class="inlink" href="/tag/系统" target="_blank">系统</a>是通过提供套接字(socket)来进行<a class="inlink" href="/tag/网络编程" target="_blank">网络编程</a>的。<a class="inlink" href="/tag/网络" target="_blank">网络</a>的socket<a class="inlink" href="/tag/数据传输" target="_blank">数据传输</a>是一种特殊的I/O,socket也是一种<a class="inlink" href="/tag/文件描述符" target="_blank">文件描述符</a>。socket也有一个类似于打</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">开<a class="inlink" href="/tag/文件" target="_blank">文件</a>的函数：socket(),调用socket(),该函数返回一个整型的socket的<a class="inlink" href="/tag/描述符" target="_blank">描述符</a>，随后的<a class="inlink" href="/tag/连接" target="_blank">连接</a>建立、数据传输等操作也都是通过该socket实现。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">1)socket函数</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">函数<a class="inlink" href="/tag/原型" target="_blank">原型</a>:</span><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> </span></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="syntaxhighlighter cpp"><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">1</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">socket(</code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">domain, </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">type, </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">protocol);</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"></span><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">功能<a class="inlink" href="/tag/说明" target="_blank">说明</a>：</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> 调用成功，返回socket文件描述符；失败，返回－1，并设置<a class="inlink" href="/tag/errno" target="_blank">errno</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"><a class="inlink" href="/tag/参数" target="_blank">参数</a>说明：</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> <a class="inlink" href="/tag/domain" target="_blank">domain</a>指明所使用的<a class="inlink" href="/tag/协议" target="_blank">协议</a>族，通常为PF_<a class="inlink" href="/tag/inet" target="_blank">INET</a>，表示<a class="inlink" href="/tag/tcp" target="_blank">TCP</a>/<a class="inlink" href="/tag/ip" target="_blank">IP</a>协议；</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> <a class="inlink" href="/tag/type" target="_blank">type</a>参数指定socket的类型，基本上有三种：<a class="inlink" href="/tag/数据流" target="_blank">数据流</a>套接字、数据报套接字、原始套接字</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> <a class="inlink" href="/tag/protocol" target="_blank">protocol</a>通常<a class="inlink" href="/tag/赋值" target="_blank">赋值</a>"0"。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> 两个网络<a class="inlink" href="/tag/程序" target="_blank">程序</a>之间的一个<a class="inlink" href="/tag/网络连接" target="_blank">网络连接</a>包括五种<a class="inlink" href="/tag/信息" target="_blank">信息</a>：通信协议、本地协议<a class="inlink" href="/tag/地址" target="_blank">地址</a>、本地<a class="inlink" href="/tag/主机" target="_blank">主机</a><a class="inlink" href="/tag/端口" target="_blank">端口</a>、远端主机地址和远端协议端口。socket<a class="inlink" href="/tag/数据结构" target="_blank">数据结构</a>中包含这五</span><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">种信息。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">2)<a class="inlink" href="/tag/bind" target="_blank">bind</a>函数</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">函数原型: </span><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> </span></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="syntaxhighlighter cpp"><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">1</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">bind(</code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">sock_fd,</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">struct</code> <code class="cpp plain">sockaddr_in *my_addr, </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">addrlen);</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">功能说明：</span><br><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"></span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> 将套接字和指定的端口相连。成功返回0，否则，返回－1，并置errno.</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">参数说明：</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> sock_fd是调用socket函数<a class="inlink" href="/tag/返回值" target="_blank">返回值</a>,</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> my_addr是一个<a class="inlink" href="/tag/指向" target="_blank">指向</a>包含有本机<a class="inlink" href="/tag/ip地址" target="_blank">IP地址</a>及端口号等信息的sockaddr类型的<a class="inlink" href="/tag/指针" target="_blank">指针</a>；</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> <a class="inlink" href="/tag/struct" target="_blank">struct</a> sockaddr_<a class="inlink" href="/tag/in" target="_blank">in</a>结构类型是用来保存socket信息的：</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> struct sockaddr_in {</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> <a class="inlink" href="/tag/short" target="_blank">short</a> <a class="inlink" href="/tag/int" target="_blank">int</a> <a class="inlink" href="/tag/sin" target="_blank">sin</a>_family;</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> <a class="inlink" href="/tag/unsigned" target="_blank">unsigned</a> short int sin_<a class="inlink" href="/tag/port" target="_blank">port</a>;</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> struct in_addr sin_addr;</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> unsigned <a class="inlink" href="/tag/char" target="_blank">char</a> sin_<a class="inlink" href="/tag/zero" target="_blank">zero</a>[8];</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> };</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> addrlen为sockaddr的<a class="inlink" href="/tag/长度" target="_blank">长度</a>。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">3)<a class="inlink" href="/tag/connect" target="_blank">connect</a>函数</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">函数原型: </span><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> </span></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="syntaxhighlighter cpp"><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">1</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">connect(</code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">sock_fd, </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">struct</code> <code class="cpp plain">sockaddr *serv_addr,</code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">addrlen);</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">功能说明：</span><br><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"></span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> <a class="inlink" href="/tag/客户端" target="_blank">客户端</a>发送<a class="inlink" href="/tag/服务" target="_blank">服务</a><a class="inlink" href="/tag/请求" target="_blank">请求</a>。成功返回0，否则返回－1，并置errno。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">参数说明：</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> sock_fd 是socket函数返回的socket描述符；serv_addr是包含远端主机IP地址和端口号的指针；addrlen是结构sockaddr_in的长度。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">4)<a class="inlink" href="/tag/listen" target="_blank">listen</a>函数</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">函数原型:</span><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> </span></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="syntaxhighlighter cpp"><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">1</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">listen(</code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">sock_fd， </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">backlog);</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">功能说明：</span><br><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"></span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> 等待指定的端口的出现客户端连接。调用成功返回0，否则，返回－1，并置errno.</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">参数说明：</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> sock_fd 是socket()函数返回值；</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> <a class="inlink" href="/tag/backlog" target="_blank">backlog</a>指定在请求<a class="inlink" href="/tag/队列" target="_blank">队列</a>中允许的最大请求数</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">5)accecpt函数</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">函数原型: </span><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> </span></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="syntaxhighlighter cpp"><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">1</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">accept(</code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">sock_fd, </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">struct</code> <code class="cpp plain">sockadd_in* addr, </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">addrlen);</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">功能说明：</span><br><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"></span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> 用于接受客户端的服务请求，成功返回新的套接字描述符，失败返回－1，并置errno。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">参数说明：</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> sock_fd是被监听的socket描述符，</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> addr通常是一个指向sockaddr_in<a class="inlink" href="/tag/变量" target="_blank">变量</a>的指针，</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> addrlen是结构sockaddr_in的长度。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">6)write函数</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">函数原型:</span><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> </span></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="syntaxhighlighter cpp"><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">1</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="cpp plain">ssize_t write(</code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">fd,</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">const</code> <code class="cpp keyword bold">void</code> <code class="cpp plain">*buf,</code><code class="cpp color1 bold">size_t</code> <code class="cpp plain">nbytes)</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">功能说明：</span><br><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"></span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> write函数将buf中的nbytes字节<a class="inlink" href="/tag/内容" target="_blank">内容</a>写入文件描述符fd.成功时返回写的字节数.失败时返回-1. 并设置errno变量.</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> 在网络程序中,当我们向套接字文件描述符写时有俩种可能：</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> (1)write的返回值大于0,表示写了部分或者是全部的<a class="inlink" href="/tag/数据" target="_blank">数据</a>.</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> (2)返回的值小于0,此时出现了<a class="inlink" href="/tag/错误" target="_blank">错误</a>.需要根据错误类型来处理.</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> 如果错误为<a class="inlink" href="/tag/eintr" target="_blank">EINTR</a>表示在写的时候出现了<a class="inlink" href="/tag/中断" target="_blank">中断</a>错误.</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> 如果错误为<a class="inlink" href="/tag/epipe" target="_blank">EPIPE</a>表示网络连接出现了问题.</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">7)read函数</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">函数原型:</span><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> </span></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="syntaxhighlighter cpp"><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">1</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="cpp plain">ssize_t read(</code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">fd,</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">void</code> <code class="cpp plain">*buf,</code><code class="cpp color1 bold">size_t</code> <code class="cpp plain">nbyte)</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">函数说明：</span><br><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"></span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> read函数是负责从fd中读取内容.当读成功时,read返回实际所读的字节数,如果返回的值是0 表示已经读到文件的结束了,小于0表示出现了错误.</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> 如果错误为EINTR说明读是由中断引起的,</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';"> 如果错误是ECONNREST表示网络连接出了问题.</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">8)close函数</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">函数原型:</span></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="syntaxhighlighter cpp"><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">1</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">close(sock_fd);</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">说明:</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">当所有的数据操作结束以后，你可以调用close()函数来释放该socket，从而停止在该socket上的任何数据操作：</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">函数运行成功返回0，否则返回-1</span></p><p><strong><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">2 <a class="inlink" href="/tag/socket编程" target="_blank">socket编程</a>的<a class="inlink" href="/tag/其他" target="_blank">其他</a>函数说明</span></strong></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">1) 网络字节<a class="inlink" href="/tag/顺序" target="_blank">顺序</a>及其<a class="inlink" href="/tag/转换" target="_blank">转换</a>函数</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">(1） 网络字节顺序</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">每一台机器内部对变量的字节存储顺序不同，而网络<a class="inlink" href="/tag/传输" target="_blank">传输</a>的数据是一定要统一顺序的。所以对内部字节表示顺序与网络字节顺序不同的机器，</span><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">一定要对数据进行转换，从程序的可移植性要求来讲，就算本机的内部字节表示顺序与网络字节顺序相同也应该在传输数据以前先调用数据转换函数，</span><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">以便程序<a class="inlink" href="/tag/移植" target="_blank">移植</a>到<a class="inlink" href="/tag/其它" target="_blank">其它</a>机器上后能正确执行。真正转换还是不转换是由系统函数自己来决定的。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">(2） 有关的转换函数</span></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="syntaxhighlighter cpp"><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">1</div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1">2</div><div class="line number3 index2 alt2">3</div><div class="line number4 index3 alt1">4</div><div class="line number5 index4 alt2">5</div><div class="line number6 index5 alt1">6</div><div class="line number7 index6 alt2">7</div><div class="line number8 index7 alt1">8</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="cpp plain">unsigned </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">short</code> <code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">htons（unsigned </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">short</code> <code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">hostshort）：</code></div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1"><code class="cpp comments">//主机字节顺序转换成网络字节顺序，对无符号短型进行操作4bytes</code></div><div class="line number3 index2 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">unsigned </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">long</code> <code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">htonl（unsigned </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">long</code> <code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">hostlong）：</code></div><div class="line number4 index3 alt1"><code class="cpp comments">//主机字节顺序转换成网络字节顺序，对无符号长型进行操作8bytes</code></div><div class="line number5 index4 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">unsigned </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">short</code> <code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">ntohs（unsigned </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">short</code> <code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">netshort）：</code></div><div class="line number6 index5 alt1"><code class="cpp comments">//网络字节顺序转换成主机字节顺序，对无符号短型进行操作4bytes</code></div><div class="line number7 index6 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">unsigned </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">long</code> <code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">ntohl（unsigned </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">long</code> <code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">netlong）：</code></div><div class="line number8 index7 alt1"><code class="cpp comments">//网络字节顺序转换成主机字节顺序，对无符号长型进行操作8bytes</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">注：以上函数原型定义在netinet/in.h里</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">2)IP地址转换</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">有三个函数将<a class="inlink" href="/tag/数字" target="_blank">数字</a>点形式表示的<a class="inlink" href="/tag/字符串" target="_blank">字符串</a>IP地址与32位网络字节顺序的<a class="inlink" href="/tag/二进制" target="_blank">二进制</a>形式的IP地址进行转换</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">（1） unsigned <a class="inlink" href="/tag/long" target="_blank">long</a> int inet_addr(<a class="inlink" href="/tag/const" target="_blank">const</a> char * <a class="inlink" href="/tag/cp" target="_blank">cp</a>)：该函数把一个用数字和点表示的IP地址的字符串转换成一个无符号长整型，如：</span></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="syntaxhighlighter cpp"><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">1</div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1">2</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="cpp keyword bold">struct</code> <code class="cpp plain">sockaddr_in ina;</code></div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1"><code class="cpp plain">ina.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(</code><code class="cpp string">"222.216.117.11"</code><code class="cpp plain">);</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">该函数成功时：返回转换结果；失败时返回<a class="inlink" href="/tag/常量" target="_blank">常量</a>INADDR_NONE，该常量=-1，二进制的无<a class="inlink" href="/tag/符号" target="_blank">符号</a><a class="inlink" href="/tag/整数" target="_blank">整数</a>-1相当于255.255.255.255，这是一个<a class="inlink" href="/tag/广播" target="_blank">广播</a>地址，所以在程序中</span><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">调用iner_addr（）时，一定要人为地对调用失败进行处理。由于该函数不能处理广播地址，所以在程序中应该使用函数inet_aton（）。</span><br></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">（2）int inet_aton（const char * cp,struct in_addr * inp）：此函数将字符串形式的IP地址转换成二进制形式的IP地址；成功时返回1，否则返回0，转</span><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">换后的IP地址存储在参数inp中。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">（3） char * inet_ntoa（struct <a class="inlink" href="/tag/in-addr" target="_blank">in-addr</a> in）：将32位二进制形式的ip地址转换为数字点形式的ip地址，结果在函数返回值中返回，返回的是一个指向<a class="inlink" href="/tag/字符" target="_blank">字符</a></span><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">串的指针。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">3)字节处理函数</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">Socket地址是多字节数据，不是以空字符结尾的，这和<a class="inlink" href="/tag/c语言" target="_blank">C语言</a>中的字符串是不同的。Linux提供了两组函数来处理多字节数据，一组以b（<a class="inlink" href="/tag/byte" target="_blank">byte</a>）开头，是和<a class="inlink" href="/tag/bsd" target="_blank">BSD</a></span><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">系统<a class="inlink" href="/tag/兼容" target="_blank">兼容</a>的函数，另一组以mem（<a class="inlink" href="/tag/内存" target="_blank">内存</a>）开头，是<a class="inlink" href="/tag/ansi" target="_blank">ANSI</a> C提供的函数。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">以b开头的函数有：</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">（1） <a class="inlink" href="/tag/void" target="_blank">void</a> bzero（void * s,int n）：将参数s指定的内存的<a class="inlink" href="/tag/前" target="_blank">前</a>n个字节设置为0，通常它用来将套接字地址清0。</span></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">（2） void bcopy（const void * <a class="inlink" href="/tag/src" target="_blank">src</a>，void * dest，int n）：从参数src指定的内存区域拷贝指定数目的字节内容到参数dest指定的内存区域。</span></p><p><strong><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">3 简单的客户端(<a class="inlink" href="/tag/client" target="_blank">client</a>)和<a class="inlink" href="/tag/服务端" target="_blank">服务端</a>(<a class="inlink" href="/tag/server" target="_blank">server</a>)实现<a class="inlink" href="/tag/源码" target="_blank">源码</a></span></strong></p><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">1) 客户端源码:</span></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="syntaxhighlighter cpp"><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">1</div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1">2</div><div class="line number3 index2 alt2">3</div><div class="line number4 index3 alt1">4</div><div class="line number5 index4 alt2">5</div><div class="line number6 index5 alt1">6</div><div class="line number7 index6 alt2">7</div><div class="line number8 index7 alt1">8</div><div class="line number9 index8 alt2">9</div><div class="line number10 index9 alt1">10</div><div class="line number11 index10 alt2">11</div><div class="line number12 index11 alt1">12</div><div class="line number13 index12 alt2">13</div><div class="line number14 index13 alt1">14</div><div class="line number15 index14 alt2">15</div><div class="line number16 index15 alt1">16</div><div class="line number17 index16 alt2">17</div><div class="line number18 index17 alt1">18</div><div class="line number19 index18 alt2">19</div><div class="line number20 index19 alt1">20</div><div class="line number21 index20 alt2">21</div><div class="line number22 index21 alt1">22</div><div class="line number23 index22 alt2">23</div><div class="line number24 index23 alt1">24</div><div class="line number25 index24 alt2">25</div><div class="line number26 index25 alt1">26</div><div class="line number27 index26 alt2">27</div><div class="line number28 index27 alt1">28</div><div class="line number29 index28 alt2">29</div><div class="line number30 index29 alt1">30</div><div class="line number31 index30 alt2">31</div><div class="line number32 index31 alt1">32</div><div class="line number33 index32 alt2">33</div><div class="line number34 index33 alt1">34</div><div class="line number35 index34 alt2">35</div><div class="line number36 index35 alt1">36</div><div class="line number37 index36 alt2">37</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <stdio.h></code></div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1"><code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <string.h></code></div><div class="line number3 index2 alt2"><code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <unistd.h></code></div><div class="line number4 index3 alt1"><code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <ctype.h></code></div><div class="line number5 index4 alt2"><code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <sys/socket.h></code></div><div class="line number6 index5 alt1"><code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <netinet/in.h></code></div><div class="line number7 index6 alt2"><code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <arpa/inet.h></code></div><div class="line number8 index7 alt1"><code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <stdlib.h></code></div><div class="line number9 index8 alt2"><code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <errno.h></code></div><div class="line number10 index9 alt1"><code class="cpp comments">// gcc -g -o simple_client simple_client.c</code></div><div class="line number11 index10 alt2"><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">main(</code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">argc,</code><code class="cpp color1 bold">char</code> <code class="cpp plain">*argv[])</code></div><div class="line number12 index11 alt1"><code class="cpp plain">{</code></div><div class="line number13 index12 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">char</code> <code class="cpp plain">ip[20]={</code><code class="cpp string">"192.168.10.23"</code><code class="cpp plain">};</code></div><div class="line number14 index13 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">port=10000;</code></div><div class="line number15 index14 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">server_fd;</code></div><div class="line number16 index15 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">struct</code> <code class="cpp plain">sockaddr_in server_listen_addr;</code></div><div class="line number17 index16 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">bzero(&server_listen_addr,</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">sizeof</code><code class="cpp plain">(server_listen_addr));</code></div><div class="line number18 index17 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">server_listen_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;</code></div><div class="line number19 index18 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">server_listen_addr.sin_port=htons(port);</code></div><div class="line number20 index19 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">inet_pton(AF_INET,</code><code class="cpp string">"192.168.10.23"</code><code class="cpp plain">,(</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">void</code><code class="cpp plain">*)&server_listen_addr.sin_addr);</code></div><div class="line number21 index20 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp comments">// inet_aton(ip,&server_listen_addr.sin_addr);</code></div><div class="line number22 index21 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp comments">// bzero(&(server_listen_addr.sin_zero),8);</code></div><div class="line number23 index22 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">server_fd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);</code></div><div class="line number24 index23 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">ret=connect(server_fd,(</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">const</code> <code class="cpp keyword bold">struct</code> <code class="cpp plain">sockaddr *)&server_listen_addr,</code></div><div class="line number25 index24 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">sizeof</code><code class="cpp plain">(</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">struct</code> <code class="cpp plain">sockaddr)); </code></div><div class="line number26 index25 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp functions bold">printf</code><code class="cpp plain">(</code><code class="cpp string">"server_fd=[%d] ret=[%d]n"</code><code class="cpp plain">,server_fd,ret);</code></div><div class="line number27 index26 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">if</code><code class="cpp plain">(ret<0)</code></div><div class="line number28 index27 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">{ </code></div><div class="line number29 index28 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp functions bold">perror</code><code class="cpp plain">(</code><code class="cpp string">"error: socket connect!"</code><code class="cpp plain">); </code></div><div class="line number30 index29 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp functions bold">exit</code><code class="cpp plain">(1);</code></div><div class="line number31 index30 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">}</code></div><div class="line number32 index31 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">char</code> <code class="cpp plain">data[20]={</code><code class="cpp string">"good luck!n"</code><code class="cpp plain">};</code></div><div class="line number33 index32 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">num=send(server_fd,(</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">void</code><code class="cpp plain">*)data,</code><code class="cpp functions bold">strlen</code><code class="cpp plain">(data),0);</code></div><div class="line number34 index33 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp functions bold">printf</code><code class="cpp plain">(</code><code class="cpp string">"send bytes[%d][%s]n"</code><code class="cpp plain">,num,data);</code></div><div class="line number35 index34 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">close(server_fd);</code></div><div class="line number36 index35 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">return</code> <code class="cpp plain">1;</code></div><div class="line number37 index36 alt2"><code class="cpp plain">}</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">2)服务端源码:</span><br></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="syntaxhighlighter cpp"><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2">1</div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1">2</div><div class="line number3 index2 alt2">3</div><div class="line number4 index3 alt1">4</div><div class="line number5 index4 alt2">5</div><div class="line number6 index5 alt1">6</div><div class="line number7 index6 alt2">7</div><div class="line number8 index7 alt1">8</div><div class="line number9 index8 alt2">9</div><div class="line number10 index9 alt1">10</div><div class="line number11 index10 alt2">11</div><div class="line number12 index11 alt1">12</div><div class="line number13 index12 alt2">13</div><div class="line number14 index13 alt1">14</div><div class="line number15 index14 alt2">15</div><div class="line number16 index15 alt1">16</div><div class="line number17 index16 alt2">17</div><div class="line number18 index17 alt1">18</div><div class="line number19 index18 alt2">19</div><div class="line number20 index19 alt1">20</div><div class="line number21 index20 alt2">21</div><div class="line number22 index21 alt1">22</div><div class="line number23 index22 alt2">23</div><div class="line number24 index23 alt1">24</div><div class="line number25 index24 alt2">25</div><div class="line number26 index25 alt1">26</div><div class="line number27 index26 alt2">27</div><div class="line number28 index27 alt1">28</div><div class="line number29 index28 alt2">29</div><div class="line number30 index29 alt1">30</div><div class="line number31 index30 alt2">31</div><div class="line number32 index31 alt1">32</div><div class="line number33 index32 alt2">33</div><div class="line number34 index33 alt1">34</div><div class="line number35 index34 alt2">35</div><div class="line number36 index35 alt1">36</div><div class="line number37 index36 alt2">37</div><div class="line number38 index37 alt1">38</div><div class="line number39 index38 alt2">39</div><div class="line number40 index39 alt1">40</div><div class="line number41 index40 alt2">41</div><div class="line number42 index41 alt1">42</div><div class="line number43 index42 alt2">43</div><div class="line number44 index43 alt1">44</div><div class="line number45 index44 alt2">45</div><div class="line number46 index45 alt1">46</div><div class="line number47 index46 alt2">47</div><div class="line number48 index47 alt1">48</div><div class="line number49 index48 alt2">49</div><div class="line number50 index49 alt1">50</div><div class="line number51 index50 alt2">51</div><div class="line number52 index51 alt1">52</div><div class="line number53 index52 alt2">53</div><div class="line number54 index53 alt1">54</div><div class="line number55 index54 alt2">55</div><div class="line number56 index55 alt1">56</div><div class="line number57 index56 alt2">57</div><div class="line number58 index57 alt1">58</div></td><td class="code"><div class="container"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2"><code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <stdio.h></code></div><div class="line number2 index1 alt1"><code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <string.h></code></div><div class="line number3 index2 alt2"><code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <unistd.h></code></div><div class="line number4 index3 alt1"><code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <ctype.h></code></div><div class="line number5 index4 alt2"><code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <sys/socket.h></code></div><div class="line number6 index5 alt1"><code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <netinet/in.h></code></div><div class="line number7 index6 alt2"><code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <arpa/inet.h></code></div><div class="line number8 index7 alt1"><code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <stdlib.h></code></div><div class="line number9 index8 alt2"><code class="cpp preprocessor">#include <errno.h></code></div><div class="line number10 index9 alt1"><code class="cpp comments">//gcc -g -o simple_server simple_server.c</code></div><div class="line number11 index10 alt2"><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">main(</code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">argc,</code><code class="cpp color1 bold">char</code> <code class="cpp plain">*argv[])</code></div><div class="line number12 index11 alt1"><code class="cpp plain">{</code></div><div class="line number13 index12 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">port=10000;</code></div><div class="line number14 index13 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">server_listen_fd;</code></div><div class="line number15 index14 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">server_accept_fd;</code></div><div class="line number16 index15 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">struct</code> <code class="cpp plain">sockaddr_in server_listen_addr;</code></div><div class="line number17 index16 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">struct</code> <code class="cpp plain">sockaddr_in server_accept_addr;</code></div><div class="line number18 index17 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">bzero(&server_listen_addr,</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">sizeof</code><code class="cpp plain">(server_listen_addr));</code></div><div class="line number19 index18 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">bzero(&server_accept_addr,</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">sizeof</code><code class="cpp plain">(server_accept_addr));</code></div><div class="line number20 index19 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">server_listen_addr.sin_family=AF_INET; </code></div><div class="line number21 index20 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">server_listen_addr.sin_addr.s_addr=INADDR_ANY;</code></div><div class="line number22 index21 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">server_listen_addr.sin_port=htons(port);</code></div><div class="line number23 index22 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">server_listen_fd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);</code></div><div class="line number24 index23 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">if</code><code class="cpp plain">(-1==server_listen_fd)</code></div><div class="line number25 index24 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">{</code></div><div class="line number26 index25 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp functions bold">perror</code><code class="cpp plain">(</code><code class="cpp string">"fail to create socket!"</code><code class="cpp plain">);</code></div><div class="line number27 index26 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp functions bold">exit</code><code class="cpp plain">(1);</code></div><div class="line number28 index27 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">}</code></div><div class="line number29 index28 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">if</code><code class="cpp plain">(bind(server_listen_fd,(</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">struct</code> <code class="cpp plain">sockaddr*)&server_listen_addr,</code></div><div class="line number30 index29 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">sizeof</code><code class="cpp plain">(server_listen_addr))==-1)</code></div><div class="line number31 index30 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">{</code></div><div class="line number32 index31 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp functions bold">perror</code><code class="cpp plain">(</code><code class="cpp string">"can't to bind"</code><code class="cpp plain">);</code></div><div class="line number33 index32 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp functions bold">exit</code><code class="cpp plain">(1);</code></div><div class="line number34 index33 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">}</code></div><div class="line number35 index34 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">if</code><code class="cpp plain">(listen(server_listen_fd,10)==-1)</code></div><div class="line number36 index35 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">{</code></div><div class="line number37 index36 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp functions bold">perror</code><code class="cpp plain">(</code><code class="cpp string">"can't to bind"</code><code class="cpp plain">);</code></div><div class="line number38 index37 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp functions bold">exit</code><code class="cpp plain">(1);</code></div><div class="line number39 index38 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">}</code></div><div class="line number40 index39 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">while</code><code class="cpp plain">(1)</code></div><div class="line number41 index40 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">{ </code></div><div class="line number42 index41 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">size=</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">sizeof</code><code class="cpp plain">(server_accept_addr);</code></div><div class="line number43 index42 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp functions bold">printf</code><code class="cpp plain">(</code><code class="cpp string">"server socket begin accept:n"</code><code class="cpp plain">);</code></div><div class="line number44 index43 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">server_accept_fd=accept(server_listen_fd,(</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">struct</code> <code class="cpp plain">sockaddr*)&server_accept_addr,&size);</code></div><div class="line number45 index44 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp functions bold">printf</code><code class="cpp plain">(</code><code class="cpp string">"accept con_fd=%dn"</code><code class="cpp plain">,con_fd);</code></div><div class="line number46 index45 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">if</code><code class="cpp plain">(server_accept_fd<0)</code></div><div class="line number47 index46 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">{ </code></div><div class="line number48 index47 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp functions bold">perror</code><code class="cpp plain">(</code><code class="cpp string">"error:socket accept!exited!n"</code><code class="cpp plain">); </code></div><div class="line number49 index48 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp functions bold">exit</code><code class="cpp plain">(1); </code></div><div class="line number50 index49 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">}</code></div><div class="line number51 index50 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">num=0;</code></div><div class="line number52 index51 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">char</code> <code class="cpp plain">data[200]={0}; </code></div><div class="line number53 index52 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp color1 bold">int</code> <code class="cpp plain">ret=read(server_accept_fd,(</code><code class="cpp keyword bold">void</code><code class="cpp plain">*)data,199); </code></div><div class="line number54 index53 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">close(server_accept_fd);</code></div><div class="line number55 index54 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp functions bold">printf</code><code class="cpp plain">(</code><code class="cpp string">"DATA:[%s]n"</code><code class="cpp plain">,data);</code></div><div class="line number56 index55 alt1"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp plain">}</code></div><div class="line number57 index56 alt2"><code class="cpp spaces"> </code><code class="cpp keyword bold">return</code> <code class="cpp plain">1;</code></div><div class="line number58 index57 alt1"><code class="cpp plain">}</code></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style="font-family:微软雅黑, 'microsoft yahei';">以上代码均在<a class="inlink" href="/tag/centos" target="_blank">CentOS</a> 5.4上<a class="inlink" href="/tag/编译" target="_blank">编译</a><a class="inlink" href="/tag/调试" target="_blank">调试</a>通过。</span><br></p><p><br></p>
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