MySQL：MySQL的安装
| 一、Linux：MySQL的源码安装 |
1、安装前的准备
在安装之前需要安装一下必备的包和工具
- gcc/g++：MySQL5.6开始，需要使用g++进行编译。
- cmake：MySQL5.5开始，使用cmake进行工程管理，cmake需要2.8以上版本。
- bison：MySQL语法解析器需要使用bison进行编译。
- ncurses-devel：用于终端操作的开发包。
- zlib：MySQL使用zlib进行压缩
功能需要的包
- libxml：用于xml输入输出方式的支持。
- opensll：使用opensll安全套接字通信。
- dtrace：用于诊断MySQL问题。
有关于MySQL编译参数
- CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE编译的版本类型：RelWithDebInfo和Debug，不同之处是RelWithDebInfo会进行优化。
- CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX指定make install安装的目标路径。
- SYSCONFDIR指定配置文件的默认路径。
- MYSQL_DATADIR指定data目录的默认路径。
- WITH_DEBUG指定是否有debugging信息，一般用于源码调试时，打开WITH_DEBUG,生产环境关闭。
- ENABLED_PROFILING指定是否可以使用show profile显示操作执行的详细信息。
- DEFAULT_CHARSET指定默认字符集，可以在启动的配置文件中指定。
- DEFAULT_COLLATION指定默认字符比较、排序的规则。
- WITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS指定其他可能使用的字符集。
- INSTALL_LAYOUT指定安装的布局类型。
- WITH_storage_STORAGE_ENGIN指定编译支持的存储引擎，默认支持MyISAM,MERGE,MEMORY,CSV存储引擎。更多详细参数可参考http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/source-configuration-options.html
本次安装环境
[root@wulaoer ~]# cat /etc/issue
CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m
[root@wulaoer ~]# uname -a
Linux wulaoer 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Nov 22 03:15:09 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m
[root@wulaoer ~]# uname -a
Linux wulaoer 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Nov 22 03:15:09 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
MySQL版本：5.6.12-log Source distribution
安装目录为：/usr/local/mysql/
数据目录为：/data/mysqldata
存储引擎包括：MEMORY，MyISAM,InnoDB等
字符集为：UTF8
2、源码安装MySQL
先安装需要用到的库：
[root@wulaoer ~]# yum -y install gcc-c++ gcc
[root@wulaoer ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel
[root@wulaoer ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel
下载所需软件包：
将下载的文件都放到/usr/local/src目录下，如下
[root@wulaoer ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@wulaoer src]# wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.11.1.tar.gz --no-check-certificate
[root@wulaoer src]# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/bison-2.7.tar.gz
[root@wulaoer src]# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/m4/m4-1.4.16.tar.gz
[root@wulaoer src]# wget http://www.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.12.tar.gz/from/http://cdn.mysql.com/
[root@wulaoer src]# wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.11.1.tar.gz --no-check-certificate
[root@wulaoer src]# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/bison-2.7.tar.gz
[root@wulaoer src]# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/m4/m4-1.4.16.tar.gz
[root@wulaoer src]# wget http://www.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.12.tar.gz/from/http://cdn.mysql.com/
安装cmake编译器
[root@wulaoer src]# tar -zxf cmake-2.8.11.1.tar.gz
[root@wulaoer src]# cd cmake-2.8.11.1
[root@wulaoer cmake-2.8.11.1]# ./bootstrap
[root@wulaoer cmake-2.8.11.1]# make && make install
[root@wulaoer src]# cd cmake-2.8.11.1
[root@wulaoer cmake-2.8.11.1]# ./bootstrap
[root@wulaoer cmake-2.8.11.1]# make && make install
检查cmake是否安装成功
[root@wulaoer cmake-2.8.11.1]# which cmake
/usr/local/bin/cmake
/usr/local/bin/cmake
安装m4
[root@wulaoer src]# tar -zxf m4-1.4.16.tar.gz
[root@wulaoer src]# cd m4-1.4.16
[root@wulaoer m4-1.4.16]# ./configure
[root@wulaoer m4-1.4.16]# make && make install
[root@wulaoer src]# cd m4-1.4.16
[root@wulaoer m4-1.4.16]# ./configure
[root@wulaoer m4-1.4.16]# make && make install
安装bison
[root@wulaoer src]# tar -zxf bison-2.7.tar.gz
[root@wulaoer src]# cd bison-2.7
[root@wulaoer bison-2.7]# ./configure && make && make install
[root@wulaoer src]# cd bison-2.7
[root@wulaoer bison-2.7]# ./configure && make && make install
创建mysql用户与组，相关目录
[root@wulaoer ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
[root@wulaoer ~]# /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
[root@wulaoer ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/
[root@wulaoer ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@wulaoer ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysqldata
[root@wulaoer ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysqldata
[root@wulaoer ~]# /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
[root@wulaoer ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/
[root@wulaoer ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@wulaoer ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysqldata
[root@wulaoer ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysqldata
安装mysql
[root@wulaoer ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@wulaoer src]# tar -zxf mysql-5.6.12.tar.gz
[root@wulaoer src]# export CFLAGS="-O3 -g -fno-exceptions -static-libgcc -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing"
[root@wulaoer src]# export CXXFLAGS="-O3 -g -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -static-libgcc -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing"
[root@wulaoer src]# export CXX=g++
[root@wulaoer mysql-5.6.12]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql/
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=utf8,gbk
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysqldata/
-DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/local/mysql/
-DWITH_SSL=bundled
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1
[root@wulaoer mysql-5.6.12]# make && make install
[root@wulaoer src]# tar -zxf mysql-5.6.12.tar.gz
[root@wulaoer src]# export CFLAGS="-O3 -g -fno-exceptions -static-libgcc -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing"
[root@wulaoer src]# export CXXFLAGS="-O3 -g -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -static-libgcc -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing"
[root@wulaoer src]# export CXX=g++
[root@wulaoer mysql-5.6.12]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql/
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=utf8,gbk
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysqldata/
-DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/local/mysql/
-DWITH_SSL=bundled
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1
[root@wulaoer mysql-5.6.12]# make && make install
初始化数据库
[root@wulaoer mysql-5.6.12]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@wulaoer mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --ldata=/data/mysqldata
[root@wulaoer mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --ldata=/data/mysqldata
3、安装后的收尾工作
配置运行环境
[root@wulaoer ~]# vi /etc/profile
PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH
export PATH
[root@wulaoer ~]# source /etc/profile
PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH
export PATH
[root@wulaoer ~]# source /etc/profile
创建开机启动
[root@wulaoer ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@wulaoer mysql]# cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp：是否覆盖"/etc/my.cnf"？ y
[root@wulaoer mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@wulaoer mysql]# chkconfig --level 35 mysqld on
[root@wulaoer ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/wulaoer.pid).
以上错误解决方法进mysql安装目录执行[root@wulaoer mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
[root@wulaoer mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@wulaoer mysql]# cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp：是否覆盖"/etc/my.cnf"？ y
[root@wulaoer mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@wulaoer mysql]# chkconfig --level 35 mysqld on
[root@wulaoer ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/wulaoer.pid).
以上错误解决方法进mysql安装目录执行[root@wulaoer mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
[root@wulaoer mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
设置数据库密码
[root@wulaoer ~]# mysqladmin -u root password 'root'
[root@wulaoer ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.12 Source distribution
[root@wulaoer ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.12 Source distribution
| 二、YUM安装 |
在yum安装之前需要设置以下网络yum源，参考点击这里
在安装之前要看以下系统有没有自带的mysql是否已经安装。
[root@wulaoer ~]# yum list installed | grep mysql
mysql.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 @base
mysql-libs.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 @base
mysql-server.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 @base
[root@wulaoer ~]# yum -y remove mysql-libs.x86_64
mysql.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 @base
mysql-libs.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 @base
mysql-server.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 @base
[root@wulaoer ~]# yum -y remove mysql-libs.x86_64
当出现Complete!时候说明已经卸载完成，可以重新查看以下
[root@wulaoer ~]# yum list installed | grep mysql
[root@wulaoer ~]#
[root@wulaoer ~]#
使用yum list | grep mysql 查看yum库上的mysql版本信心
[root@wulaoer ~]# yum list | grep mysql
apr-util-mysql.x86_64 1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 base
bacula-director-mysql.x86_64 5.0.0-13.el6 base
bacula-storage-mysql.x86_64 5.0.0-13.el6 base
dovecot-mysql.x86_64 1:2.0.9-19.el6_7.2 updates
freeradius-mysql.x86_64 2.2.6-6.el6_7 updates
libdbi-dbd-mysql.x86_64 0.8.3-5.1.el6 base
mod_auth_mysql.x86_64 1:3.0.0-11.el6_0.1 base
mysql.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-bench.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-connector-java.noarch 1:5.1.17-6.el6 base
mysql-connector-odbc.x86_64 5.1.5r1144-7.el6 base
mysql-devel.i686 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-devel.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-embedded.i686 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-embedded.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-embedded-devel.i686 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-embedded-devel.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-libs.i686 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-libs.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-server.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-test.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
php-mysql.x86_64 5.3.3-46.el6_6 updates
qt-mysql.i686 1:4.6.2-28.el6_5 base
qt-mysql.x86_64 1:4.6.2-28.el6_5 base
rsyslog-mysql.x86_64 5.8.10-10.el6_6 base
rsyslog7-mysql.x86_64 7.4.10-3.el6_7.1 updates
apr-util-mysql.x86_64 1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 base
bacula-director-mysql.x86_64 5.0.0-13.el6 base
bacula-storage-mysql.x86_64 5.0.0-13.el6 base
dovecot-mysql.x86_64 1:2.0.9-19.el6_7.2 updates
freeradius-mysql.x86_64 2.2.6-6.el6_7 updates
libdbi-dbd-mysql.x86_64 0.8.3-5.1.el6 base
mod_auth_mysql.x86_64 1:3.0.0-11.el6_0.1 base
mysql.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-bench.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-connector-java.noarch 1:5.1.17-6.el6 base
mysql-connector-odbc.x86_64 5.1.5r1144-7.el6 base
mysql-devel.i686 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-devel.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-embedded.i686 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-embedded.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-embedded-devel.i686 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-embedded-devel.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-libs.i686 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-libs.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-server.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-test.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
php-mysql.x86_64 5.3.3-46.el6_6 updates
qt-mysql.i686 1:4.6.2-28.el6_5 base
qt-mysql.x86_64 1:4.6.2-28.el6_5 base
rsyslog-mysql.x86_64 5.8.10-10.el6_6 base
rsyslog7-mysql.x86_64 7.4.10-3.el6_7.1 updates
也可以使用yum -y list mysql*
[root@wulaoer ~]# yum -y list mysql*
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* c6-media:
Available Packages
MySQL-python.x86_64 1.2.3-0.3.c1.1.el6 base
mysql.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-bench.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-connector-java.noarch 1:5.1.17-6.el6 base
mysql-connector-odbc.x86_64 5.1.5r1144-7.el6 base
mysql-devel.i686 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-devel.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-embedded.i686 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-embedded.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-embedded-devel.i686 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-embedded-devel.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-libs.i686 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-libs.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-server.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-test.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* c6-media:
Available Packages
MySQL-python.x86_64 1.2.3-0.3.c1.1.el6 base
mysql.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-bench.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-connector-java.noarch 1:5.1.17-6.el6 base
mysql-connector-odbc.x86_64 5.1.5r1144-7.el6 base
mysql-devel.i686 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-devel.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-embedded.i686 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-embedded.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-embedded-devel.i686 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-embedded-devel.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-libs.i686 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-libs.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-server.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
mysql-test.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 base
使用yum安装mysql数据库。
[root@wulaoer ~]# yum -y install mysql-server mysql mysql-devel
注：安装mysql只是安装了数据库，只有安装了mysql-server才相当于安装了客户端。
当出现Complete!的时候说明数据库安装成功了，
设置数据库密码
[root@wulaoer ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password 'wulaoer'
mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed
error: 'Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)'
mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed
error: 'Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)'
注：如果没有报错，说明数据库密码修改成功了，如果有以上错误，请继续。
[root@wulaoer ~]# service mysqld stop #停止数据库
停止 mysqld： [确定]
[root@wulaoer ~]# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables & #初始化数据库
[1] 25576
[root@wulaoer ~]# 160120 21:07:11 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.
160120 21:07:11 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
[root@wulaoer ~]# mysql -uroot -p #直接进数据库不用密码
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use mysql; #切换到数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD("wulaoer")where user="root";#修改数据库的密码
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 3 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;#更新权限
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit #退出
Bye
[root@wulaoer ~]# service mysqld start
正在启动 mysqld： [确定]
[root@wulaoer ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
停止 mysqld： [确定]
[root@wulaoer ~]# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables & #初始化数据库
[1] 25576
[root@wulaoer ~]# 160120 21:07:11 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.
160120 21:07:11 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
[root@wulaoer ~]# mysql -uroot -p #直接进数据库不用密码
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use mysql; #切换到数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD("wulaoer")where user="root";#修改数据库的密码
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 3 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;#更新权限
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit #退出
Bye
[root@wulaoer ~]# service mysqld start
正在启动 mysqld： [确定]
[root@wulaoer ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
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