C# - 图片操作和Base64处理

旋转

(1)按角度旋转

    /// <summary>  
    /// 根据角度旋转图标  
    /// </summary>  
    /// <param name="img"></param>  
    public Image RotateImg(Image img, float angle)  
    {  
        //通过Png图片设置图片透明,修改旋转图片变黑问题。  
        int width = img.Width;  
        int height = img.Height;                      
        //角度  
        Matrix mtrx = new Matrix();             
        mtrx.RotateAt(angle, new PointF((width / 2), (height / 2)), MatrixOrder.Append);  
        //得到旋转后的矩形  
        GraphicsPath path = new GraphicsPath();  
        path.AddRectangle(new RectangleF(0f, 0f, width, height));  
        RectangleF rct = path.GetBounds(mtrx);  
        //生成目标位图  
        Bitmap devImage = new Bitmap((int)(rct.Width), (int)(rct.Height));  
        Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(devImage);  
        g.InterpolationMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.InterpolationMode.Bilinear;  
        g.SmoothingMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.SmoothingMode.HighQuality;             
        //计算偏移量  
        Point Offset = new Point((int)(rct.Width - width) / 2, (int)(rct.Height - height) / 2);  
        //构造图像显示区域:让图像的中心与窗口的中心点一致  
        Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(Offset.X, Offset.Y, (int)width, (int)height);  
        Point center = new Point((int)(rect.X + rect.Width / 2), (int)(rect.Y + rect.Height / 2));              
        g.TranslateTransform(center.X, center.Y);  
        g.RotateTransform(angle);  
        //恢复图像在水平和垂直方向的平移  
        g.TranslateTransform(-center.X, -center.Y);  
        g.DrawImage(img, rect);  
        //重至绘图的所有变换  
        g.ResetTransform();  
        g.Save();  
        g.Dispose();  
        path.Dispose();  
        return devImage;  
    } 

(2)按弧度旋转

    /// <summary>  
    /// 第二种方法  
    /// </summary>  
    /// <param name="b"></param>  
    /// <param name="angle"></param>  
    /// <returns></returns>  
    public Image RotateImg2(Image b, float angle)  
    {  
        angle = angle % 360;            //弧度转换  
        double radian = angle * Math.PI / 180.0;  
        double cos = Math.Cos(radian);  
        double sin = Math.Sin(radian);  
        //原图的宽和高  
        int w = b.Width;  
        int h = b.Height;  
        int W = (int)(Math.Max(Math.Abs(w * cos - h * sin), Math.Abs(w * cos + h * sin)));  
        int H = (int)(Math.Max(Math.Abs(w * sin - h * cos), Math.Abs(w * sin + h * cos)));  
        //目标位图  
        Image dsImage = new Bitmap(W, H);  
        System.Drawing.Graphics g = System.Drawing.Graphics.FromImage(dsImage);  
        g.InterpolationMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.InterpolationMode.Bilinear;  
        g.SmoothingMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.SmoothingMode.HighQuality;  
        //计算偏移量  
        Point Offset = new Point((W - w) / 2, (H - h) / 2);  
        //构造图像显示区域:让图像的中心与窗口的中心点一致  
        Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(Offset.X, Offset.Y, w, h);  
        Point center = new Point(rect.X + rect.Width / 2, rect.Y + rect.Height / 2);  
        g.TranslateTransform(center.X, center.Y);  
        g.RotateTransform(360-angle);  
        //恢复图像在水平和垂直方向的平移  
        g.TranslateTransform(-center.X, -center.Y);  
        g.DrawImage(b, rect);  
        //重至绘图的所有变换  
        g.ResetTransform();  
        g.Save();  
        g.Dispose();  
        //dsImage.Save("yuancd.jpg", System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg);  
        return dsImage;  
    }

以上参考:基于C#的两种图片旋转方法

此外,可以直接使用已封装的方法:

/// <summary>  
/// 旋转(利用已封装的方法) 
/// </summary>  
/// <param name="path">图片路径</param>  
/// <param name="rotateFlipType">旋转方式</param>  
/// <returns></returns>  
public bool KiRotate(string path, RotateFlipType rotateFlipType){  
    try {  
        using (Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(path)) {  
            // 顺时针旋转90度 RotateFlipType.Rotate90FlipNone
            // 逆时针旋转90度 RotateFlipType.Rotate270FlipNone
            // 水平翻转 RotateFlipType.Rotate180FlipY
            // 垂直翻转 RotateFlipType.Rotate180FlipX
            bitmap.RotateFlip(rotateFlipType);  
            bitmap.Save(path);  
        }  
        return true;  
    } catch(Exception ex) {  
        return false;  
    }  
} 

转换

(1)Bitmap & BitmapImage

// 程序集
System.Xaml.dll
System.Drawing.dll
WindowsBase.dll
PresentationCore.dll
// 命名空间
using System.Drawing;
using System.IO;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Interop;
using System.Windows;

/// <summary>
/// 创建一个Bitmap对象
/// </summary>
/// <param name="_uri">"../Images/test.png"</param>
public Bitmap CreatBitmapObject(string _uri){
    Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(_uri);
    return bitmap;
}

/// <summary>
/// 创建一个BitmapImage对象
/// </summary>
/// <param name="_uri">"../Images/test.png"</param>
public BitmapImage CreatBitmapImageObject(string _uri){
    BitmapImage bitmapImage = new BitmapImage(
        new Uri(_uri, UriKind.Relative));
    return bitmapImage;
}

/// <summary>
/// BitmapImage to Bitmap
/// </summary>
public Bitmap BitmapImage2Bitmap(BitmapImage bitmapImage){
	using (MemoryStream outStream = new MemoryStream()){
		BitmapEncoder enc = new BmpBitmapEncoder();
		enc.Frames.Add(BitmapFrame.Create(bitmapImage));
		enc.Save(outStream);
		Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(outStream);
		return new Bitmap(bitmap);
	}
}

/// <summary>
/// Bitmap to BitmapImage
/// </summary>
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("gdi32.dll")]
public static extern bool DeleteObject(IntPtr hObject);
public BitmapImage Bitmap2BitmapImage(Bitmap bitmap) {
	IntPtr hBitmap = bitmap.GetHbitmap();
	BitmapImage retval;

	try {
		retval = (BitmapImage)Imaging.CreateBitmapSourceFromHBitmap(
				hBitmap, IntPtr.Zero, Int32Rect.Empty,
				BitmapSizeOptions.FromEmptyOptions());
	} finally {
		DeleteObject(hBitmap);
	}
	return retval;
}

若是将Bitmap转换成BitmapSource,只需将返回值类型更改为BitmapSource即可。

具体参考:Converting BitmapImage to Bitmap and vice versa

(2)Bitmap/BitmapImage & byte[]

/// <summary>
/// Bitmap to 字节数组
/// </summary>
public byte[] Bitmap2Bytes(Bitmap bitmap){
	ImageFormat format = bitmap.RawFormat;
	using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream()){
		bitmap.Save(ms, format);
		byte[] data = new byte[ms.Length];
		//Save()会改变MemoryStream的Position,需要重新Seek到Begin也就是开始的0位置
		ms.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
		ms.Read(data, 0, Convert.ToInt32(ms.Length));
		return data;  
	}
}
/// <summary>
/// 字节数组 to Bitmap
/// </summary>
public Bitmap Bytes2Bitmap(byte[] data){
	MemoryStream ms = null;
	try{
		ms = new MemoryStream(data);
		return new Bitmap((Image)new Bitmap(ms));
	}catch (Exception ex){
		throw ex;   
	}finally{
		ms.Close();
	}
}

/// <summary>
/// BitmapImage to 字节数组
/// </summary>
public byte[] BitmapImage2Bytes(BitmapImage bitmapImage){
	byte[] bytes = null;
	try{
		Stream ms = bitmapImage.StreamSource;
		if (ms != null && ms.Length > 0){
			//很重要,因为Position经常位于stream的末尾,导致下面读取到的长度为0
			ms.Position = 0;
			using (BinaryReader br = new BinaryReader(ms)){
				bytes = br.ReadBytes((int)ms.Length);
			} 
		}
	}catch(Exception ex){
		bytes = null;
		throw ex;
	}
	return bytes;
}
/// <summary>
/// 字节数组 to BitmapImage
/// </summary>
public BitmapImage Bytes2BitmapImage(byte[] data)
{
	BitmapImage bitmapImage = null;
	try{
		bitmapImage = new BitmapImage();
		bitmapImage.BeginInit();
		bitmapImage.StreamSource = new MemoryStream(data);
		bitmapImage.EndInit();
	}catch(Exception ex){
		bitmapImage = null;
		throw ex;  
	}
	return bitmapImage;
}

此时,可以总结下Bitmap、BitmapImage、Image和BitmapSource、ImageSource之间的关系

// Image抽象类,Bitmap密封类
public abstract class Image: xxx
public sealed class Bitmap : Image
// ImageSource和BitmapSource抽象类,BitmapImage密封类 
public abstract class ImageSource: xxx
public abstract class BitmapSource : ImageSource
public sealed class BitmapImage : BitmapSource

压缩

图片大小 > 1M 时,可以对图片进行压缩,有效减小图片大小、占用内存空间等。

/// <summary>
/// 生成缩略图
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sourceFile">原始图片文件</param>
/// <param name="quality">质量压缩比:0-100,越大质量越好</param>
/// <param name="multiple">压缩倍数</param>
/// <param name="outputFile">输出文件名</param>
/// <returns>成功返回true,失败返回false</returns>
/// 调用格式:GetThumImage("", 85L, 3, ""); 
public static bool GetThumImage(string sourceFile, long quality, int multiple, string outputFile)
{
	try
	{
		// 获取图片信息
		Bitmap sourceImage = new Bitmap(sourceFile);
		ImageCodecInfo myImageCodecInfo = GetEncoderInfo(sourceImage.RawFormat);
		if (null == myImageCodecInfo) {
			return false;
		}
		
		// 压缩质量
		System.Drawing.Imaging.Encoder myEncoder = System.Drawing.Imaging.Encoder.Quality;
		EncoderParameters myEncoderParameters = new EncoderParameters(1);
		EncoderParameter myEncoderParameter = new EncoderParameter(myEncoder, quality);
		myEncoderParameters.Param[0] = myEncoderParameter;
		
		// 按比例压缩
		float _xWidth = sourceImage.Width;
		float _yWidth = sourceImage.Height;
		Bitmap newImage = new Bitmap((int)(_xWidth / multiple), (int)(_yWidth / multiple));
		Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(newImage);
		/// 可按需配置属性
		//g.CompositingQuality = CompositingQuality.HighQuality;
		//g.CompositingMode = CompositingMode.SourceCopy;
		//g.InterpolationMode = InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic;
		g.DrawImage(sourceImage, 0, 0, (_xWidth / multiple), (_yWidth / multiple));
		g.Dispose();

		// 保存图片
		newImage.Save(outputFile, myImageCodecInfo, myEncoderParameters);                
		return true;
	}catch{
		return false;
	}
}

/// <summary>
/// 获取图片编码信息
/// </summary>
private static ImageCodecInfo GetEncoderInfo(ImageFormat format)
{
	ImageCodecInfo[] encoders;
	encoders = ImageCodecInfo.GetImageEncoders();
	for (int j = 0; j < encoders.Length; ++j){
		if (encoders[j].FormatID == format.Guid) {
			return encoders[j];
		}
	}
	return null;
}

提供一个在工作中压缩图片的方法

public string CompressImageString(string str) {
    string convertedImageString = string.Empty;
    byte[] b = Convert.FromBase64String(str);
    MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(b);
    Bitmap bitMap = new Bitmap(ms);
    bitMap = CompressImage(bitMap);
    byte[] byteArray = null;
    using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream()) {
        bitMap.Save(stream, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Png);
        byteArray = new byte[stream.Length];
        stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
        if (stream.Read(byteArray, 0, Convert.ToInt32(stream.Length)) <= 0){
            return "";
        }
    }           
    convertedImageString = Convert.ToBase64String(byteArray);           
    return convertedImageString;
}
private Bitmap CompressImage(Bitmap bitmap, double compressRatio) {
    int width = (int)(bitmap.Width * compressRatio);
    int height = (int)(bitmap.Height * compressRatio);
    System.Drawing.Image.GetThumbnailImageAbort myCallback = new System.Drawing.Image.GetThumbnailImageAbort(ThumbnailCallback);
    System.Drawing.Image myThumbnail = bitmap.GetThumbnailImage(width, height, myCallback, IntPtr.Zero);
    Bitmap compressBitmap = new Bitmap(myThumbnail);
    return compressBitmap;
}
public bool ThumbnailCallback() { return false; }

Base64处理

最常见的用于传输8Bit字节码的编码方式之一,可以将任意一组字节转换为较长的常见文本字符序列,从而可以合法地作为首部字段值

  • Base64:一种基于64个可打印字符以及用作后缀的等号来表示二进制数据的方法
  • Base64编码:从二进制到字符的过程,可用于在HTTP环境下传递较长的标识信息
  • 编码规则:每三个8Bit的字节转换为四个6Bit的字节(3*8 = 4*6 = 24),然后把6Bit再添两位高位0,组成四个8Bit的字节,也就是说,转换后的字符串理论上将要比原来的长1/3个字符变成4个字符,每76个字符加一个换行符,最后的结束符也要处理

其中,64个可打印字符包括:大小写字母、数字、 + 和 / 。相关特点:

  • 把含有不可见字符串的信息用可见字符串表示出来、降低出错率,但具有不可读性、需解码
  • 二进制序列的长度必须是24的倍数(6和8的最小公倍数)
  • 等号一定用作后缀,且数目一定是0个、1个或2个
  • 因为将3个字节转化成4个字节,因此编码后的文本,会比原文本大出三分之一左右
['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', ... 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', ... '0', '1', '2', ... '+', '/']

注意,标准的Base64编码存在 '+'和 '/',针对URL,通过"url safe"的base64编码,将 '+'和 '/' 分别变成 '-'和 '_',同时会删除结果最后的 '='

>>> base64.b64encode('i\xb7\x1d\xfb\xef\xff')
'abcd++//'
>>> base64.urlsafe_b64encode('i\xb7\x1d\xfb\xef\xff')
'abcd--__'

对于二进制序列长度必须是24倍数的解释:正常情况下,只要长度是6的倍数即可。但是,当连接两段Base64编码过的字符串后再解码,这个时候就需要6和8的公倍数,即长度必须是24的倍数。

现在浏览器已有内置的自动生成base64的方法 atob() btoa()

// 编码
window.btoa()
// 解码
window.atob()

具体参见:window.btoa()window.atob()

注意,待编码字符串若包含中文,直接编码会出现问题,应采用如下方式

function utf8_to_b64( str ) {
	return window.btoa(
		unescape(
			encodeURIComponent( str )));
}
function b64_to_utf8( str ) {
	return decodeURIComponent(
		escape(
			window.atob( str )));
} 

计算图片大小

//base64串格式图片
public static double CalcuPicSize(string picstr) {
	double p_len = picstr.Length, fix_len = 0, p_ix = picstr.IndexOf("=");
	if (p_ix > -1) {
		fix_len = p_len - p_ix;
	}
	double p_size = p_len - (p_len / 8) * 2 - fix_len;
        return p_size;
}

一种计算大小方法:base64图片计算大小,供参考

 

参考

posted @ 2017-12-29 11:16  万箭穿心,习惯就好。  阅读(2927)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报