标题：使用 OpenWrt Image Generator 为 WR703N 路由器定制固件
之前试着自己编译固件，编译是成功了，但是在后期安装官方仓库的ipk时出现问题，因为自己编译的固件和官方固件的内核版本号不一样，导致官方仓库的ipk不能安装，即使使用--force-depends参数强制安装也不能成功。
openwrt的内核版本号后边带的一串checksum是根据配置计算出来的，即使使用同官方固件相同版本的源代码编译，只要配置不一样，编译出来的内核版本也是不一样的。
后来发现了 Image Generator，用于把前期编译生成的文件生成刷机用的 bin 文件。编译时的最后部分就是用的这个工具。
从官方仓库直接下载Image Generator，只要运行一个命令就可以生成自己的 bin 文件，并且生成的固件内核版本号与官方固件完成相同。
WiKi在这里：http://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/howto/obtain.firmware.generate
安装操作系统
VMware 10
Ubuntu 14.04.1 x64
配置编译环境
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install subversion build-essential libncurses5-dev zlib1g-dev gawk git ccache gettext libssl-dev xsltproc
下载Image Generator for ar71xx
建议使用迅雷下载然后拷进去，节约时间
cd ~
mkdir opimagegen && cd opimagegen
wget https://downloads.openwrt.org/chaos_calmer/15.05/ar71xx/generic/OpenWrt-ImageBuilder-15.05-ar71xx-generic.Linux-x86_64.tar.bz2
tar -xvjf OpenWrt-ImageBuilder-15.05-ar71xx-generic.Linux-x86_64.tar.bz2
cd OpenWrt-ImageBuilder-15.05-ar71xx-generic.Linux-x86_64
配置
根据需要修改repositories.conf
## repositories.conf
## 说明：我把官网的packages文件夹通过代理整个下载到本地目录，所以文件内容改成下面的样子
## 这个文件你也可以不改，保持默认，但是在编译时下载，国内会很慢，还会失败
## Place your custom repositories here, they must match the architecture and version.
# src/gz chaos_calmer http://downloads.openwrt.org/chaos_calmer/15.05/ar71xx/generic/packages
# src custom file:///usr/src/openwrt/bin/ar71xx/packages
## Remote package repositories
src/gz chaos_calmer_base file:/home/noright/downloads.openwrt.org/chaos_calmer/15.05/ar71xx/generic/packages/base
src/gz chaos_calmer_luci file:/home/noright/downloads.openwrt.org/chaos_calmer/15.05/ar71xx/generic/packages/luci
src/gz chaos_calmer_packages file:/home/noright/downloads.openwrt.org/chaos_calmer/15.05/ar71xx/generic/packages/packages
src/gz chaos_calmer_routing file:/home/noright/downloads.openwrt.org/chaos_calmer/15.05/ar71xx/generic/packages/routing
src/gz chaos_calmer_telephony file:/home/noright/downloads.openwrt.org/chaos_calmer/15.05/ar71xx/generic/packages/telephony
src/gz chaos_calmer_management file:/home/noright/downloads.openwrt.org/chaos_calmer/15.05/ar71xx/generic/packages/management
## This is the local package repository, do not remove!
src imagebuilder file:packages
把需要替换固件中的文件放到files目录中，官方固件无线默认是关闭的，为了默认打开无线功能，把无线的配置文件放到files中，在生成固件时就会替换掉默认的文件。
方法是这样的：路由器刷好官方固件，把无线打开，从网页把配置文件备份出来，把需要的文件按固件中的目录结构放到files目录中。
无线配置的文件是wireless，在固件中的路径是 /etc/config/wireless，所以在编译环境中把它放到
files/etc/config/wireless
这是我的wireless配置文件，只是打开了无线功能
$ cat files/etc/config/wireless
config wifi-device radio0
option type mac80211
option channel 11
option hwmode 11g
option path 'platform/ar933x_wmac'
option htmode HT20
# REMOVE THIS LINE TO ENABLE WIFI:
option disabled 0
config wifi-iface
option device radio0
option network lan
option mode ap
option ssid OpenWrt-703N
option encryption none
生成镜像
用这个命令查看支持的profile
make info
703N对应的配置是TLWR703
编译
make image PROFILE=TLWR703 PACKAGES="libiwinfo libiwinfo-lua liblua libubus-lua libuci-lua lua luci luci-app-firewall luci-base luci-lib-ip luci-lib-nixio luci-mod-admin-full luci-proto-ipv6 luci-proto-ppp luci-theme-bootstrap rpcd uhttpd uhttpd-mod-ubus luci-i18n-base-zh-cn luci-i18n-firewall-zh-cn" FILES=files/
PROFILE 是从支持列表中找出的路由器型号
PACKAGES 是添加到固件中的包名，如果要从固件中删除包，可以在包名前加 -
FILES 是指定用files目录中的文件替换掉固件中的文件
运行make image PROFILE=TLWR703生成的固件，比官方固件少很多包，比如没有luci，所以我比较了官方固件的包和make image PROFILE=TLWR703生成的固件的包，把缺少的包指定到PACKAGES参数，并且增加了luci-i18n-base-zh-cn和luci-i18n-firewall-zh-cn两个中文包。
生成的固件在 bin 目录中
附录
软件包
- 与官方固件比较缺少的包
libiwinfo libiwinfo-lua liblua libubus-lua libuci-lua lua luci luci-app-firewall luci-base luci-lib-ip luci-lib-nixio luci-mod-admin-full luci-proto-ipv6 luci-proto-ppp luci-theme-bootstrap rpcd uhttpd uhttpd-mod-ubus
- 中文
luci-i18n-base-zh-cn luci-i18n-firewall-zh-cn
- Qos
luci-app-qos luci-i18n-qos-zh-cn
命令行升级固件
如果路由器没有luci，则需要通过命令行配置和升级
如果路由器没设置密码，要先telnet上去设置密码
设置好密码了ssh连接到路由器
用scp把固件上传到路由器的/tmp
有两个命令可以升级固件
sysupgrade -n -v /tmp/[specified firmware].bin
mtd -r write /tmp/[specified firmware].bin firmware
我用的是第一个，第二个没用过
-n 不保存配置
-v 输出详细信息
官方固件中安装的软件包
root@OpenWrt:/# opkg list-installed
base-files - 157-r46767
busybox - 1.23.2-1
dnsmasq - 2.73-1
dropbear - 2015.67-1
firewall - 2015-07-27
fstools - 2015-05-24-09027fc86babc3986027a0e677aca1b6999a9e14
hostapd-common - 2015-03-25-1
ip6tables - 1.4.21-1
iptables - 1.4.21-1
iw - 3.17-1
jshn - 2015-06-14-d1c66ef1131d14f0ed197b368d03f71b964e45f8
jsonfilter - 2014-06-19-cdc760c58077f44fc40adbbe41e1556a67c1b9a9
kernel - 3.18.20-1-7bed08fa9c06eb8089e82c200340ec66
kmod-ath - 3.18.20+2015-03-09-3
kmod-ath9k - 3.18.20+2015-03-09-3
kmod-ath9k-common - 3.18.20+2015-03-09-3
kmod-cfg80211 - 3.18.20+2015-03-09-3
kmod-crypto-aes - 3.18.20-1
kmod-crypto-arc4 - 3.18.20-1
kmod-crypto-core - 3.18.20-1
kmod-gpio-button-hotplug - 3.18.20-1
kmod-ip6tables - 3.18.20-1
kmod-ipt-conntrack - 3.18.20-1
kmod-ipt-core - 3.18.20-1
kmod-ipt-nat - 3.18.20-1
kmod-ipv6 - 3.18.20-1
kmod-lib-crc-ccitt - 3.18.20-1
kmod-mac80211 - 3.18.20+2015-03-09-3
kmod-nf-conntrack - 3.18.20-1
kmod-nf-conntrack6 - 3.18.20-1
kmod-nf-ipt - 3.18.20-1
kmod-nf-ipt6 - 3.18.20-1
kmod-nf-nat - 3.18.20-1
kmod-nf-nathelper - 3.18.20-1
kmod-nls-base - 3.18.20-1
kmod-ppp - 3.18.20-1
kmod-pppoe - 3.18.20-1
kmod-pppox - 3.18.20-1
kmod-slhc - 3.18.20-1
kmod-usb-core - 3.18.20-1
kmod-usb2 - 3.18.20-1
libblobmsg-json - 2015-06-14-d1c66ef1131d14f0ed197b368d03f71b964e45f8
libc - 0.9.33.2-1
libgcc - 4.8-linaro-1
libip4tc - 1.4.21-1
libip6tc - 1.4.21-1
libiwinfo - 2015-06-01-ade8b1b299cbd5748db1acf80dd3e9f567938371
libiwinfo-lua - 2015-06-01-ade8b1b299cbd5748db1acf80dd3e9f567938371
libjson-c - 0.12-1
libjson-script - 2015-06-14-d1c66ef1131d14f0ed197b368d03f71b964e45f8
liblua - 5.1.5-1
libnl-tiny - 0.1-4
libubox - 2015-06-14-d1c66ef1131d14f0ed197b368d03f71b964e45f8
libubus - 2015-05-25-f361bfa5fcb2daadf3b160583ce665024f8d108e
libubus-lua - 2015-05-25-f361bfa5fcb2daadf3b160583ce665024f8d108e
libuci - 2015-04-09.1-1
libuci-lua - 2015-04-09.1-1
libxtables - 1.4.21-1
lua - 5.1.5-1
luci - git-15.248.30277-3836b45-1
luci-app-firewall - git-15.248.30277-3836b45-1
luci-base - git-15.248.30277-3836b45-1
luci-lib-ip - git-15.248.30277-3836b45-1
luci-lib-nixio - git-15.248.30277-3836b45-1
luci-mod-admin-full - git-15.248.30277-3836b45-1
luci-proto-ipv6 - git-15.248.30277-3836b45-1
luci-proto-ppp - git-15.248.30277-3836b45-1
luci-theme-bootstrap - git-15.248.30277-3836b45-1
mtd - 21
netifd - 2015-06-08-8795f9ef89626cd658f615c78c6a17e990c0dcaa
odhcp6c - 2015-07-13-024525798c5f6aba3af9b2ef7b3af2f3c14f1db8
odhcpd - 2015-05-21-2ebf6c8216287983779c8ec6597d30893b914a7c
opkg - 9c97d5ecd795709c8584e972bfdf3aee3a5b846d-7
ppp - 2.4.7-6
ppp-mod-pppoe - 2.4.7-6
procd - 2015-08-16-0da5bf2ff222d1a499172a6e09507388676b5a08
rpcd - 2015-05-17-3d655417ab44d93aad56a6d4a668daf24b127b84
swconfig - 10
uboot-envtools - 2014.10-2
ubox - 2015-07-14-907d046c8929fb74e5a3502a9498198695e62ad8
ubus - 2015-05-25-f361bfa5fcb2daadf3b160583ce665024f8d108e
ubusd - 2015-05-25-f361bfa5fcb2daadf3b160583ce665024f8d108e
uci - 2015-04-09.1-1
uhttpd - 2015-08-17-f91788b809d9726126e9cf4384fedbbb0c5b8a73
uhttpd-mod-ubus - 2015-08-17-f91788b809d9726126e9cf4384fedbbb0c5b8a73
usign - 2015-05-08-cf8dcdb8a4e874c77f3e9a8e9b643e8c17b19131
wpad-mini - 2015-03-25-1
make image PROFILE=TLWR703 生成的固件中安装的软件包
# make image PROFILE=TLWR703
root@OpenWrt:/# opkg list-installed
base-files - 157-r46767
busybox - 1.23.2-1
dnsmasq - 2.73-1
dropbear - 2015.67-1
firewall - 2015-07-27
fstools - 2015-05-24-09027fc86babc3986027a0e677aca1b6999a9e14
hostapd-common - 2015-03-25-1
ip6tables - 1.4.21-1
iptables - 1.4.21-1
iw - 3.17-1
jshn - 2015-06-14-d1c66ef1131d14f0ed197b368d03f71b964e45f8
jsonfilter - 2014-06-19-cdc760c58077f44fc40adbbe41e1556a67c1b9a9
kernel - 3.18.20-1-7bed08fa9c06eb8089e82c200340ec66
kmod-ath - 3.18.20+2015-03-09-3
kmod-ath9k - 3.18.20+2015-03-09-3
kmod-ath9k-common - 3.18.20+2015-03-09-3
kmod-cfg80211 - 3.18.20+2015-03-09-3
kmod-crypto-aes - 3.18.20-1
kmod-crypto-arc4 - 3.18.20-1
kmod-crypto-core - 3.18.20-1
kmod-gpio-button-hotplug - 3.18.20-1
kmod-ip6tables - 3.18.20-1
kmod-ipt-conntrack - 3.18.20-1
kmod-ipt-core - 3.18.20-1
kmod-ipt-nat - 3.18.20-1
kmod-ipv6 - 3.18.20-1
kmod-lib-crc-ccitt - 3.18.20-1
kmod-mac80211 - 3.18.20+2015-03-09-3
kmod-nf-conntrack - 3.18.20-1
kmod-nf-conntrack6 - 3.18.20-1
kmod-nf-ipt - 3.18.20-1
kmod-nf-ipt6 - 3.18.20-1
kmod-nf-nat - 3.18.20-1
kmod-nf-nathelper - 3.18.20-1
kmod-nls-base - 3.18.20-1
kmod-ppp - 3.18.20-1
kmod-pppoe - 3.18.20-1
kmod-pppox - 3.18.20-1
kmod-slhc - 3.18.20-1
kmod-usb-core - 3.18.20-1
kmod-usb2 - 3.18.20-1
libblobmsg-json - 2015-06-14-d1c66ef1131d14f0ed197b368d03f71b964e45f8
libc - 0.9.33.2-1
libgcc - 4.8-linaro-1
libip4tc - 1.4.21-1
libip6tc - 1.4.21-1
libjson-c - 0.12-1
libjson-script - 2015-06-14-d1c66ef1131d14f0ed197b368d03f71b964e45f8
libnl-tiny - 0.1-4
libubox - 2015-06-14-d1c66ef1131d14f0ed197b368d03f71b964e45f8
libubus - 2015-05-25-f361bfa5fcb2daadf3b160583ce665024f8d108e
libuci - 2015-04-09.1-1
libxtables - 1.4.21-1
mtd - 21
netifd - 2015-06-08-8795f9ef89626cd658f615c78c6a17e990c0dcaa
odhcp6c - 2015-07-13-024525798c5f6aba3af9b2ef7b3af2f3c14f1db8
odhcpd - 2015-05-21-2ebf6c8216287983779c8ec6597d30893b914a7c
opkg - 9c97d5ecd795709c8584e972bfdf3aee3a5b846d-7
ppp - 2.4.7-6
ppp-mod-pppoe - 2.4.7-6
procd - 2015-08-16-0da5bf2ff222d1a499172a6e09507388676b5a08
swconfig - 10
uboot-envtools - 2014.10-2
ubox - 2015-07-14-907d046c8929fb74e5a3502a9498198695e62ad8
ubus - 2015-05-25-f361bfa5fcb2daadf3b160583ce665024f8d108e
ubusd - 2015-05-25-f361bfa5fcb2daadf3b160583ce665024f8d108e
uci - 2015-04-09.1-1
usign - 2015-05-08-cf8dcdb8a4e874c77f3e9a8e9b643e8c17b19131
wpad-mini - 2015-03-25-1
下载官方软件仓库到本地
wget --mirror --no-parent https://downloads.openwrt.org/chaos_calmer/15.05/ar71xx/generic/packages/
快速架设http服务器
之前下载软件仓库到本地，目录结构是这样的：
/home/noright/downloads.openwrt.org/chaos_calmer/15.05/ar71xx/generic/packages/
运行这个命令就可以快速开始一个http服务器
cd ~/downloads.openwrt.org
python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8000
通过网页修改路由器的软件包配置，就可以使用本地软件仓库了
dest root /
dest ram /tmp
lists_dir ext /var/opkg-lists
option overlay_root /overlay
src/gz chaos_calmer_base http://192.168.1.115:8000/chaos_calmer/15.05/ar71xx/generic/packages/base
src/gz chaos_calmer_luci http://192.168.1.115:8000/chaos_calmer/15.05/ar71xx/generic/packages/luci
src/gz chaos_calmer_packages http://192.168.1.115:8000/chaos_calmer/15.05/ar71xx/generic/packages/packages
src/gz chaos_calmer_routing http://192.168.1.115:8000/chaos_calmer/15.05/ar71xx/generic/packages/routing
src/gz chaos_calmer_telephony http://192.168.1.115:8000/chaos_calmer/15.05/ar71xx/generic/packages/telephony
src/gz chaos_calmer_management http://192.168.1.115:8000/chaos_calmer/15.05/ar71xx/generic/packages/management
option check_signature 1
