记录一次CentOS环境升级Python2.6到Python2.7并安装最新版pip

背景介绍

一次实验中需要安装python-etcd包。安装这个包时要求的python和pip版本比目前系统的版本高。

系统是centos6.6 64位

[root@minion01 ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64
[root@minion01 ~]# uname -m
x86_64
[root@minion01 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS release 6.6 (Final)
[root@minion01 ~]#

使用pip安装python-ectd包时提示命令找不到，需要先安装python-pip，pip是python的包管理工具

[root@minion01 ~]# pip install python-etcd
-bash: pip: command not found
[root@minion01 ~]# yum install python-pip -y
Installed:
  python-pip.noarch 0:7.1.0-1.el6     此处省略安装过程     
[root@minion01 ~]#

继续安装python-ectd，提示pip版本太低，需要先升级pip。

[root@minion01 ~]# pip install python-etcd
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:90: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available.
This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.org/en/latest/security.html#insecureplatformwarning.
InsecurePlatformWarning
You are using pip version 7.1.0, however version 9.0.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
Collecting python-etcd
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:90: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available.
This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.org/en/latest/security.html#insecureplatformwarning.
InsecurePlatformWarning
Downloading python-etcd-0.4.3.tar.gz
Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 20, in <module>
File "/tmp/pip-build-dByULi/python-etcd/setup.py", line 12, in <module>
if sys.version_info.major == 2:
AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'major'

----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-dByULi/python-etcd

按照上面的提示先升级pip

[root@minion01 ~]# pip install --upgrade pip
You are using pip version 7.1.0, however version 9.0.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:90: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. 
This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.org/en/latest/security.html#insecureplatformwarning.
  InsecurePlatformWarning
Collecting pip
  Downloading pip-9.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.3MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.3MB 46kB/s 
Installing collected packages: pip
  Found existing installation: pip 7.1.0
    Uninstalling pip-7.1.0:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-7.1.0
Successfully installed pip-9.0.1

继续执行命令，提示python版本太低

[root@minion01 ~]# pip install python-etcd
DEPRECATION: Python 2.6 is no longer supported by the Python core team, please upgrade your Python. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.6
Collecting python-etcd
  Using cached python-etcd-0.4.3.tar.gz
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "/tmp/pip-build-okuCUU/python-etcd/setup.py", line 12, in <module>
        if sys.version_info.major == 2:
    AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'major'
    
    ----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-okuCUU/python-etcd/

查看当前系统默认的python版本

[root@minion01 ~]# python -V
Python 2.6.6

下载并解压python2.7.10

新建一个tools目录用于存放下载的tar包，下载并解压，命令如下

[root@minion01 ~]# mkdir /tools -p
[root@minion01 ~]# cd /tools
[root@minion01 tools]# wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.10/Python-2.7.10.tar.xz
[root@minion01 tools]# unxz Python-2.7.10.tar.xz
[root@minion01 tools]# tar -xf Python-2.7.10.tar
[root@minion01 tools]# cd Python-2.7.10

配置编译参数

[root@minion01 Python-2.7.10]# ./configure --enable-shared --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions --with-zlib

修改一个文件

[root@minion01 Python-2.7.10]# vim ./Modules/Setup
找到#zlib zlibmodule.c -I$(prefix)/include -L$(exec_prefix)/lib -lz去掉注释并保存，然后进行编译和安装

编译和安装

[root@minion01 Python-2.7.10]# make && make install

查看安装后的结果，备份原先的可执行文件，给新的文件做软链接

[root@minion01 Python-2.7.10]# ll /usr/local/bin/
total 48
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   101 Dec 19 13:29 2to3
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    99 Dec 19 13:29 idle
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    84 Dec 19 13:29 pydoc
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     7 Dec 19 13:29 python -> python2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     9 Dec 19 13:29 python2 -> python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  9776 Dec 19 13:29 python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  1687 Dec 19 13:29 python2.7-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    16 Dec 19 13:29 python2-config -> python2.7-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    14 Dec 19 13:29 python-config -> python2-config
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18547 Dec 19 13:29 smtpd.py
[root@minion01 Python-2.7.10]# mv /usr/bin/python  /usr/bin/python_bak
[root@minion01 Python-2.7.10]# ln -s /usr/local/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python

再次查看版本，遇到如下报错，修改配置文件

[root@minion01 Python-2.7.10]# python -V
python: error while loading shared libraries: libpython2.7.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

编辑配置文件，添加新的一行内容/usr/local/lib，保存退出
[root@minion01 Python-2.7.10]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf

查看添加后的结果，在第一行
[root@minion01 Python-2.7.10]# cat /etc/ld.so.conf
/usr/local/lib
include ld.so.conf.d/*.conf

执行ldconfig加载配置
[root@minion01 Python-2.7.10]# ldconfig

再次执行查看版本命令，正确显示
[root@minion01 Python-2.7.10]#  python -V
Python 2.7.10

再次执行安装python-ectd，有报错。pip有问题

[root@minion01 tools]# pip install python-etcd
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/pip", line 7, in <module>
    from pip import main
ImportError: No module named pip
[root@minion01 tools]#

为了解决上面问题，手动安装pip，依次执行下面命令

[root@minion01 Python-2.7.10]# cd ..
[root@minion01 tools]# wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
[root@minion01 tools]# python get-pip.py
[root@minion01 tools]# mv /usr/bin/pip  /usr/bin/pip_bak
[root@minion01 tools]# ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip2.7 /usr/bin/pip

再次安装python-ectd，成功执行

再次安装python-etcd，成功了
[root@minion01 tools]# pip install python-etcd
Collecting python-etcd
  Using cached python-etcd-0.4.3.tar.gz
Collecting urllib3>=1.7.1 (from python-etcd)
  Downloading urllib3-1.19.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (104kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 112kB 65kB/s 
Collecting dnspython (from python-etcd)
  Downloading dnspython-1.15.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (177kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 184kB 68kB/s 
Building wheels for collected packages: python-etcd
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for python-etcd ... done
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/a4/72/72/513173535d5ec25c11dbb53ce7c53c92746bff62b362a402a7
Successfully built python-etcd
Installing collected packages: urllib3, dnspython, python-etcd
Successfully installed dnspython-1.15.0 python-etcd-0.4.3 urllib3-1.19.1
[root@minion01 tools]#

本次实验所需的安装包

python-2.7.10版本的包,　看到扩展名是xz，xz 是一个使用 LZMA压缩算法的无损数据压缩文件格式。和gzip与bzip2一样，同样支持多文件压缩

wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.10/Python-2.7.10.tar.xz

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记录一次CentOS环境升级Python2.6到Python2.7并安装最新版pip

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