LINQ体验(9)——LINQ to SQL语句之Insert/Update/Delete操作

我们继续讲解LINQ to SQL语句，这篇我们来讨论Insert/Update/Delete操作。这个在我们的程序中最为常用了。我们直接看例子。

Insert/Update/Delete操作

Insert

1.简单形式

说明：new一个对象，使用InsertOnSubmit方法将其加入到对应的集合中，使用SubmitChanges()提交到数据库。

NorthwindDataContext db = new NorthwindDataContext();
var newCustomer = new Customer
{
    CustomerID = "MCSFT",
    CompanyName = "Microsoft",
    ContactName = "John Doe",
    ContactTitle = "Sales Manager",
    Address = "1 Microsoft Way",
    City = "Redmond",
    Region = "WA",
    PostalCode = "98052",
    Country = "USA",
    Phone = "(425) 555-1234",
    Fax = null
};
db.Customers.InsertOnSubmit(newCustomer);
db.SubmitChanges();

2.一对多关系

说明：Category与Product是一对多的关系，提交Category(一端)的数据时，LINQ to SQL会自动将Product(多端)的数据一起提交。

var newCategory = new Category
{
    CategoryName = "Widgets",
    Description = "Widgets are the ……"
};
var newProduct = new Product
{
    ProductName = "Blue Widget",
    UnitPrice = 34.56M,
    Category = newCategory
};
db.Categories.InsertOnSubmit(newCategory);
db.SubmitChanges();

3.多对多关系

说明：在多对多关系中，我们需要依次提交。

var newEmployee = new Employee
{
    FirstName = "Kira",
    LastName = "Smith"
};
var newTerritory = new Territory
{
    TerritoryID = "12345",
    TerritoryDescription = "Anytown",
    Region = db.Regions.First()
};
var newEmployeeTerritory = new EmployeeTerritory
{
    Employee = newEmployee,
    Territory = newTerritory
};
db.Employees.InsertOnSubmit(newEmployee);
db.Territories.InsertOnSubmit(newTerritory);
db.EmployeeTerritories.InsertOnSubmit(newEmployeeTerritory);
db.SubmitChanges();

4.Override using Dynamic CUD

说明：CUD就是Create、Update、Delete的缩写。下面的例子就是新建一个ID(主键)为32的Region，不考虑数据库中有没有ID为32的数据，如果有则替换原来的数据，没有则插入。（不知道这样说对不对。大家指点一下）

Region nwRegion = new Region()
{
    RegionID = 32,
    RegionDescription = "Rainy"
};
db.Regions.InsertOnSubmit(nwRegion);
db.SubmitChanges();

Update

说明：更新操作，先获取对象，进行修改操作之后，直接调用SubmitChanges()方法即可提交。注意，这里是在同一个DataContext中，对于不同的DataContex看下面的讲解。

1.简单形式

Customer cust =
    db.Customers.First(c => c.CustomerID == "ALFKI");
cust.ContactTitle = "Vice President";
db.SubmitChanges();

2.多个项

var q = from p in db.Products
        where p.CategoryID == 1
        select p;
foreach (var p in q)
{
    p.UnitPrice += 1.00M;
}
db.SubmitChanges();

Delete

1.简单形式

说明：调用DeleteOnSubmit方法即可。

OrderDetail orderDetail =
    db.OrderDetails.First
    (c => c.OrderID == 10255 && c.ProductID == 36);
db.OrderDetails.DeleteOnSubmit(orderDetail);
db.SubmitChanges();

2.一对多关系

说明：Order与OrderDetail是一对多关系，首先DeleteOnSubmit其OrderDetail(多端)，其次DeleteOnSubmit其Order(一端)。因为一端是主键。

var orderDetails =
    from o in db.OrderDetails
    where o.Order.CustomerID == "WARTH" &&
    o.Order.EmployeeID == 3
    select o;
var order =
    (from o in db.Orders
     where o.CustomerID == "WARTH" && o.EmployeeID == 3
     select o).First();
foreach (OrderDetail od in orderDetails)
{
    db.OrderDetails.DeleteOnSubmit(od);
}
db.Orders.DeleteOnSubmit(order);
db.SubmitChanges();

3.Inferred Delete(推断删除)

说明：Order与OrderDetail是一对多关系，在上面的例子，我们全部删除CustomerID为WARTH和EmployeeID为3 的数据，那么我们不须全部删除呢？例如Order的OrderID为10248的OrderDetail有很多，但是我们只要删除ProductID为11的OrderDetail。这时就用Remove方法。

Order order = db.Orders.First(x => x.OrderID == 10248);
OrderDetail od = 
    order.OrderDetails.First(d => d.ProductID == 11);
order.OrderDetails.Remove(od);
db.SubmitChanges();

Update with Attach

说明：在对于在不同的DataContext之间，使用Attach方法来更新数据。例如在一个名为tempdb的NorthwindDataContext中，查询出Customer和Order，在另一个NorthwindDataContext中，Customer的地址更新为123 First Ave，Order的CustomerID 更新为CHOPS。

Customer c1;
List<Order> deserializedOrders = new List<Order>();
Customer deserializedC1;
using (NorthwindDataContext tempdb = new NorthwindDataContext())
{
    c1 = tempdb.Customers.Single(c => c.CustomerID == "ALFKI");
    deserializedC1 = new Customer
    {
        Address = c1.Address,
        City = c1.City,
        CompanyName = c1.CompanyName,
        ContactName = c1.ContactName,
        ContactTitle = c1.ContactTitle,
        Country = c1.Country,
        CustomerID = c1.CustomerID,
        Fax = c1.Fax,
        Phone = c1.Phone,
        PostalCode = c1.PostalCode,
        Region = c1.Region
    };
    Customer tempcust =
        tempdb.Customers.Single(c => c.CustomerID == "ANTON");
    foreach (Order o in tempcust.Orders)
    {
        deserializedOrders.Add(new Order
        {
            CustomerID = o.CustomerID,
            EmployeeID = o.EmployeeID,
            Freight = o.Freight,
            OrderDate = o.OrderDate,
            OrderID = o.OrderID,
            RequiredDate = o.RequiredDate,
            ShipAddress = o.ShipAddress,
            ShipCity = o.ShipCity,
            ShipName = o.ShipName,
            ShipCountry = o.ShipCountry,
            ShippedDate = o.ShippedDate,
            ShipPostalCode = o.ShipPostalCode,
            ShipRegion = o.ShipRegion,
            ShipVia = o.ShipVia
        });
    }
}
using (NorthwindDataContext db2 = new NorthwindDataContext())
{
    //对Customer更新，不能写错
    db2.Customers.Attach(deserializedC1);
    deserializedC1.Address = "123 First Ave";
    //对Order全部更新
    db2.Orders.AttachAll(deserializedOrders);
    foreach (Order o in deserializedOrders)
    {
        o.CustomerID = "CHOPS";
    }
    db2.SubmitChanges();
}

Update and Delete with Attach

说明：在不同的DataContext中，实现插入、更新、删除。看下面的一个例子：

Customer cust = null;
using (NorthwindDataContext tempdb = new NorthwindDataContext())
{
    cust = tempdb.Customers.First(x => x.CustomerID == "ALFKI");
}
Order orderA = cust.Orders.First();
Order orderB = cust.Orders.First(x => x.OrderID > orderA.OrderID);
using (NorthwindDataContext db2 = new NorthwindDataContext())
{
    db2.Customers.Attach(cust);
    db2.Orders.AttachAll(cust.Orders.ToList());
    //更新Customer的Phone.
    cust.Phone = "2345 5436";
    //更新OrderA的ShipCity.
    orderA.ShipCity = "Redmond";
    //删除OrderB.
    cust.Orders.Remove(orderB);
    //添加一个新的Order到Customer中.
    Order orderC = new Order() { ShipCity = "New York" };
    cust.Orders.Add(orderC);
    //提交执行
    db2.SubmitChanges();
}

本系列链接：LINQ体验系列文章导航

作者：李永京（YJingLee's Blog）
出处：http://lyj.cnblogs.com
转载请注明此处，谢谢！