[译稿]微软过去30年做对了5件事

ugmbbc发布于 2008-11-27 15:40:25| 796 次阅读 字体：大 小 打印预览

感谢35公里的投递
新闻来源:directionsonmicrosoft.com
微软无疑是现代历史上最成功的公司之一，微软创造了IT商业应用革命。过去的33年，微软犯了不少或大或小的错误，然而，在一些重大的战略上他们又做了非常正确的事，随着后盖茨时代的到来，让我们看一下微软过去30年做对了哪5件事。

软件为王

微软是第一个将软件做成一个产业的公司，而不仅仅是让软件成为硬件的附属品。
在个人电脑之前，软件都是同相应的硬件平台紧密绑定的。如 IBM 的软件只运行于 IBM 的机器，而 HP 的软件只运行于 HP 的机器。Bill Gates 将软件从硬件中剥离出来，并让软件运行于各个不同品牌的个人电脑。这个简单的主意为微软带来巨大的市场，让开发成本分摊于庞大的用户基础，并因此降低了软件价格。这是一种冒险，因为这让微软同 IBM 一类的硬件厂商对立，然而微软赢了，并引燃现代软件产业的星星之火。
从中可以学到的教训: 改变游戏，不安于规则。
将销售外包
微软是如何这样快速发展成巨人？主要归功于微软的伙伴战略。如今，微软90%以上的产品不是他们自己卖的，HP 一类的 OEM 伙伴卖掉了微软大部分 Windows 操作系统，而 CompuCom 一类的分销伙伴则卖掉了微软大部分企业软件，如 Exchange, SQL Server 以及 SharePoint。事实上，你很难亲自打电话给微软购买他们的产品。
Bill Gates 知道，直销很难快速满足他的野心。相反，他建立了大量的合作伙伴分销微软的产品，因为微软并不直接销售，因此他们的销售伙伴相信微软不会抢他们的生意。这些小到电脑店铺，大到全球最大集成商的伙伴群帮助微软以极低的成本迅速建立起全球的销售与支持网络。
从中可以学到的教训: 通过双赢伙伴关系迅速成长。
技术面向大众
微软一直努力将那些曾经只为大公司预备的技术大众化，商业智能，Intranet，系统管理。在这个过程中，微软抓住了大众客户。
微软的公式是，在他们的 Windows 操作系统中预先为一些复杂的服务器技术提供支持，然后推出这些低价服务器产品。就是说，他们向客户提供个性化的服务器技术然后用一种难以抗拒的价格推出产品。
从中可以学到的教训: 不要忽视客户最首要的需求：价格。
Developers, Developers, Developers!
微软对开发者提供的便利条件比任何同类公司都好，为开发者提供强大的工具，免费培训与低成本支持。Visual Basic 让一代开发者在 Office 之上创建商业应用。现在，Visual Studio 已经是正规企业开发者的重要工具。微软对开发者的慷慨使 Windows 成为大量公司桌面上不可缺少的东西。
从中可以学到的教训: 让你的伙伴容易定制你的产品。
远见
微软始终保持远见。他们为扩张疆域大胆投资，如 Xbox, MSN 以及 Dynamics，以应对那些未来的机会与威胁。而一旦投入，他们很少退却。微软为了插足一个市场，可以忍受巨大的亏损。微软一直在内省并做出改进。尽管犯了一些错误（LAN Manager, Windows Mobile, 与 WebTV），但微软在软件行业拥有一长串产品名单，不管是企业产品还是消费产品，并获得巨额收入。
从中可以学到的教训: 生意不是百米冲刺，是马拉松，需要持久。
本文国际来源：http://www.directionsonmicrosoft.com/news-a-analysis/41-november-2008/323-five-strategies-microsoft-got-right.html
中文翻译来源：COMSHARP CMS

[译稿]微软过去30年做对了5件事_Microsoft 微软_cnBeta.COM

Rule "Previous releases of Microsoft Visual Studio 2008" failed

I downloaded MS SQL Server 2008 Dev Edition this morning and was eager to install new SQL Server Management Studio with IntelliSense support. Unfortunately I hit a showstopper:

The message says: "Rule "Previous releases of Microsoft Visual Studio 2008" failed", "A previous release of Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 is installed on this computer. Upgrade Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 to the SP1 before installing SQL Server 2008". (for search engines:) )

I noted that prior starting I was asked to install following:

• .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 (does this mean it has been released?!)
• Windows Installer 4.5 - wow! That's new too. I missed that one...

As VS 2008 SP1 is still on beta I don't want to install it on my primary dev box. I am looking for alternative solution... I hope I will find one :)

Update:

After some research I found that:

1. There is no workaround for this yet!
2. The only good workaround would be to wait for VS 2008 SP1 :). I really don't want to dig into MSI database with Orca.
3. And of course there are other guys with same issue:
   1. SQL Server 2008 RTM Requires/Installs ...
   2. Visual Studio 2008 SP1 may be required for SQL Server 2008 installations
   3. SQL Server 2008 On The Horizon

MSDN Subscrpition says it cleary :(

SQL Server 2008 RTM Available for Download

English downloads are available now and additional languages will be added on a daily basis. Visual Studio 2008 users will need to download and install Service Pack 1 which will be available here after August 11, 2008.

So we wait...

Update 2: If you ran out of patience you can try one trick:

rename the following registry key:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\DevDiv\VS\Servicing\9.0

This was found on Guy Barrette blog. More especially on comment by Daniel. As Daniel says:

No guarantees, but SQL 2008 will install and run.

Maybe it is better to wait :)

Update 3: The wait is over :). VS 2008 SP1 is here!

Galin Iliev [Galcho] Blog! - Rule "Previous releases of Microsoft Visual Studio 2008" failed

The RPC server is unavailable. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x800706BA)

Solution

"The RPC server is unavailable. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x800706BA)" error may occurs when deploying VNC to a remote computer or when using built-in management tools.
There can be a few reasons for this error:

1. The remote computer is blocked by the firewall.
   Solution: Open the Group Policy Object Editor snap-in (gpedit.msc) to edit the Group Policy object (GPO) that is used to manage Windows Firewall settings in your organization. Open Computer Configuration, open Administrative Templates, open Network, open Network Connections, open Windows Firewall, and then open either Domain Profile or Standard Profile, depending on which profile you want to configure. Enable the following exception: "Allow Remote Administration Exception" and "Allow File and Printer Sharing Exception".
2. Host name or IP address is wrong or the remote computer is shutdown.
   Solution: Verify correct host name or IP address.
3. The "TCP/IP NetBIOS Helper" service isn't running.
   Solution: Verity that "TCP/IP NetBIOS Helper" is running and set to auto start after restart.
4. The "Remote Procedure Call (RPC)" service is not running on the remote computer.
   Solution: Verity that "Remote Procedure Call (RPC)" is running and set to auto start after restart.
5. The "Windows Management Instrumentation" service is not running on the remote computer.
   Solution: Verity that "Windows Management Instrumentation" is running and set to auto start after restart.

The RPC server is unavailable. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x800706BA) - Powered By Kayako SupportSuite

个人理解如下
随笔：是一些比较杂乱的技术类东西且有待修改和讨论的文章，如果是原创则只是作者随时提笔写下的内容，而并没有经过太多的推敲，甚至措辞也没有得到很合理的运用。
文章：直接获得的有正规性质的文章，或当随笔中的原创经过了讨论、分析和修改后，就可以作为正式的文章被发表，此为正式内容，里面的措辞等都应该得到很好的修正，让他人读起来就如同正式文档或书中的某一章节，行云流水般易读懂、理解。
新闻：当你得到了一些新闻消息时，可以在此发表。然而似乎此中的文章并不能被显示到个人博客首页中，因此很多人就是有新闻消息也不再此发表，而是写成随笔，这样就能在自己的博客首页显示了。
日记：似乎是要人们记录平时的所见所闻，日常生活记录，但一来博客园是技术类的博客，所以很少有人专注的写日常生活，二来同新闻一样似乎也不能在个人博客首页显示其中的文章，所以仍然很少有人用。
综上所述，大部分人看来都是用随笔来发表博客的，其他条目似乎很少用甚至不用。我也是如此，常用随笔写博，文章是正式的文稿发布在里面，其他的则从没发表过什么内容。

2008/4/30 13:57:55 回答者：刚刚

随笔 文章 新闻 日记 有啥区别~ - 博问 - 博客园社区

I just known this, if you met the same problem please follow as:

SQL Server 2008 Books Online (May 2008)

Save (Not Permitted) Dialog Box

[This topic is pre-release documentation and is subject to change in future releases. Blank topics are included as placeholders.]

The Save (Not Permitted) dialog box warns you that saving changes is not permitted because the changes you have made require the listed tables to be dropped and re-created.

The following actions might require a table to be re-created:

• Adding a new column to the middle of the table
• Dropping a column
• Changing column nullability
• Changing the order of the columns
• Changing the data type of a column

To change this option, on the Tools menu, click Options, expand Designers, and then click Table and Database Designers. Select or clear the Prevent saving changes that require the table to be re-created check box.

Save (Not Permitted) Dialog Box