Asp.Net Mvc异步上传文件的方式
今天试了下mvc自带的ajax，发现上传文件时后端action接收不到文件， Request.Files和HttpPostedFileBase都接收不到。。。。。后来搜索了下才知道mvc自带的Ajax不支持文件上传，无奈之下只能用其他的方式
第一种方式：通过 jquery的ajaxSubmit ---》（先引入jQuery脚本）需要引入jquery.form.min.js（可以通过NuGet下载） 直接上代码
@{ Layout = null; } <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> <title>Index</title> <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.min.js"></script> @*<script src="~/Scripts/jquery.unobtrusive-ajax.min.js"></script>*@ @*用了jquery.form.min.js可以不引用，即便引用了也没关系不影响，但是引用了的话需要注意的是会发生两次提交，在提交前执行return false即可，*@ <script src="~/Scripts/jquery.form.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div> <h3>mvc异步上传文件</h3> @using (Ajax.BeginForm("UpFileload", "AjaxFileUpload", new AjaxOptions { Confirm = "确认上传吗？", HttpMethod = "post", OnSuccess = "func", }, new { enctype = "multipart/form-data", id = "fileForm" })) { <input type="file" name="file" value="" /> @*<button type="submit">异步上传</button>*@ <button type="button">异步上传</button> } </div> </body> </html> <script> //当按钮被点击时执行异步提交 $("button[type=button]").click(() => { //异步提交 $("#fileForm").ajaxSubmit({ url: "@Url.Action("UpFileload", "AjaxFileUpload")", type: "post", success: data => { alert(data); }, error: () => { alert("出错了"); } }); }); </script>
后端action代码：
/// <summary> /// 异步文件上传 /// </summary> /// <param name="file">前端上传的文件</param> /// <returns>文件路径</returns> public ActionResult UpFileload(HttpPostedFileBase file) { //var myfile = Request.Files["file"]; //也可以拿到 var path = $"/UploadFile/{Guid.NewGuid() + file.FileName}"; file.SaveAs(Server.MapPath(path)); //保存文件 return Content(path); }
jQuery的ajaxSubmit方法和ajax用法都差不多
第二种方式： $.ajaxFileUpload（{}） --->（先引入jQuery脚本）需要引入ajaxfileupload.js脚本 （这个方法是之前在项目过中用过的，不过当时我记得从网上下载下来的ajaxfileupload脚本会提示出错，好像是因为脚本里缺少什么函数来着，忘记了，然后我按照搜索到的解决方法修改了脚本）
因为是之前写的项目不是demo，代码量有点多就不一一贴上代码了，其实用法和第一种差不多，
$.ajaxFileUpload({ url: '@Url.Action("FileUpload", "Profile")', secureuri: false, fileElementId: 'btn_file', //文件input标签id data: null, success: function (data, status) { $.post("@Url.Action("MyData", "Profile")", null, html => { $("#mybody").children().remove(); $(html).appendTo("#mybody"); }); }, error: function (data, status, e) { console.log('Error') } });
最后贴上修改后的ajaxfileupload.js脚本的源码：
jQuery.extend({ handleError: function (s, xhr, status, e) { // If a local callback was specified, fire it if (s.error) { s.error.call(s.context || s, xhr, status, e); } // Fire the global callback if (s.global) { (s.context ? jQuery(s.context) : jQuery.event).trigger( "ajaxError", [xhr, s, e]); } }, createUploadIframe: function(id, uri) { //create frame var frameId = 'jUploadFrame' + id; if(window.ActiveXObject) { var io = document.createElement('<iframe id="' + frameId + '" name="' + frameId + '" />'); if(typeof uri== 'boolean'){ io.src = 'javascript:false'; } else if(typeof uri== 'string'){ io.src = uri; } } else { var io = document.createElement('iframe'); io.id = frameId; io.name = frameId; } io.style.position = 'absolute'; io.style.top = '-1000px'; io.style.left = '-1000px'; document.body.appendChild(io); return io }, createUploadForm: function(id, fileElementId) { //create form var formId = 'jUploadForm' + id; var fileId = 'jUploadFile' + id; var form = $('<form action="" method="POST" name="' + formId + '" id="' + formId + '" enctype="multipart/form-data"></form>'); var oldElement = $('#' + fileElementId); var newElement = $(oldElement).clone(); $(oldElement).attr('id', fileId); $(oldElement).before(newElement); $(oldElement).appendTo(form); //set attributes $(form).css('position', 'absolute'); $(form).css('top', '-1200px'); $(form).css('left', '-1200px'); $(form).appendTo('body'); return form; }, addOtherRequestsToForm: function(form,data) { // add extra parameter var originalElement = $('<input type="hidden" name="" value="">'); for (var key in data) { name = key; value = data[key]; var cloneElement = originalElement.clone(); cloneElement.attr({'name':name,'value':value}); $(cloneElement).appendTo(form); } return form; }, ajaxFileUpload: function(s) { // TODO introduce global settings, allowing the client to modify them for all requests, not only timeout s = jQuery.extend({}, jQuery.ajaxSettings, s); var id = new Date().getTime() var form = jQuery.createUploadForm(id, s.fileElementId); if ( s.data ) form = jQuery.addOtherRequestsToForm(form,s.data); var io = jQuery.createUploadIframe(id, s.secureuri); var frameId = 'jUploadFrame' + id; var formId = 'jUploadForm' + id; // Watch for a new set of requests if ( s.global && ! jQuery.active++ ) { jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStart" ); } var requestDone = false; // Create the request object var xml = {} if ( s.global ) jQuery.event.trigger("ajaxSend", [xml, s]); // Wait for a response to come back var uploadCallback = function(isTimeout) { var io = document.getElementById(frameId); try { if(io.contentWindow) { xml.responseText = io.contentWindow.document.body?io.contentWindow.document.body.innerHTML:null; xml.responseXML = io.contentWindow.document.XMLDocument?io.contentWindow.document.XMLDocument:io.contentWindow.document; }else if(io.contentDocument) { xml.responseText = io.contentDocument.document.body?io.contentDocument.document.body.innerHTML:null; xml.responseXML = io.contentDocument.document.XMLDocument?io.contentDocument.document.XMLDocument:io.contentDocument.document; } }catch(e) { jQuery.handleError(s, xml, null, e); } if ( xml || isTimeout == "timeout") { requestDone = true; var status; try { status = isTimeout != "timeout" ? "success" : "error"; // Make sure that the request was successful or notmodified if ( status != "error" ) { // process the data (runs the xml through httpData regardless of callback) var data = jQuery.uploadHttpData( xml, s.dataType ); // If a local callback was specified, fire it and pass it the data if ( s.success ) s.success( data, status ); // Fire the global callback if( s.global ) jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxSuccess", [xml, s] ); } else jQuery.handleError(s, xml, status); } catch(e) { status = "error"; jQuery.handleError(s, xml, status, e); } // The request was completed if( s.global ) jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxComplete", [xml, s] ); // Handle the global AJAX counter if ( s.global && ! --jQuery.active ) jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStop" ); // Process result if ( s.complete ) s.complete(xml, status); jQuery(io).unbind() setTimeout(function() { try { $(io).remove(); $(form).remove(); } catch(e) { jQuery.handleError(s, xml, null, e); } }, 100) xml = null } } // Timeout checker if ( s.timeout > 0 ) { setTimeout(function(){ // Check to see if the request is still happening if( !requestDone ) uploadCallback( "timeout" ); }, s.timeout); } try { // var io = $('#' + frameId); var form = $('#' + formId); $(form).attr('action', s.url); $(form).attr('method', 'POST'); $(form).attr('target', frameId); if(form.encoding) { form.encoding = 'multipart/form-data'; } else { form.enctype = 'multipart/form-data'; } $(form).submit(); } catch(e) { jQuery.handleError(s, xml, null, e); } if(window.attachEvent){ document.getElementById(frameId).attachEvent('onload', uploadCallback); } else{ document.getElementById(frameId).addEventListener('load', uploadCallback, false); } return {abort: function () {}}; }, uploadHttpData: function( r, type ) { var data = !type; data = type == "xml" || data ? r.responseXML : r.responseText; // If the type is "script", eval it in global context if ( type == "script" ) jQuery.globalEval( data ); // Get the JavaScript object, if JSON is used. if ( type == "json" ) { // If you add mimetype in your response, // you have to delete the '<pre></pre>' tag. // The pre tag in Chrome has attribute, so have to use regex to remove var data = r.responseText; var rx = new RegExp("<pre.*?>(.*?)</pre>","i"); var am = rx.exec(data); //this is the desired data extracted var data = (am) ? am[1] : ""; //the only submatch or empty eval( "data = " + data ); } // evaluate scripts within html if ( type == "html" ) jQuery("<div>").html(data).evalScripts(); //alert($('param', data).each(function(){alert($(this).attr('value'));})); return data; } })
感觉还是第一种比较舒服~~~不知道还有没有更简单好用的方式
