一、验证码相关知识

Python生成随机验证码,需要使用PIL模块.

安装:

pip3 install pillow

基本使用

1. 创建图片

from PIL import Image
img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
  
# 在图片查看器中打开
# img.show()
  
# 保存在本地
with open('code.png','wb') as f:
    img.save(f,format='png')

2. 创建画笔,用于在图片上画任意内容

img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')

3. 画点

1 img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
2 draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
3 # 第一个参数:表示坐标
4 # 第二个参数:表示颜色
5 draw.point([100, 100], fill="red")
6 draw.point([300, 300], fill=(255, 255, 255))

4. 画线

1 img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
2 draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
3 # 第一个参数:表示起始坐标和结束坐标
4 # 第二个参数:表示颜色
5 draw.line((100,100,100,300), fill='red')
6 draw.line((100,100,300,100), fill=(255, 255, 255))

5. 画圆

img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
# 第一个参数:表示起始坐标和结束坐标(圆要画在其中间)
# 第二个参数:表示开始角度
# 第三个参数:表示结束角度
# 第四个参数:表示颜色
draw.arc((100,100,300,300),0,90,fill="red")

6. 写文本

1 img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
2 draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
3 # 第一个参数:表示起始坐标
4 # 第二个参数:表示写入内容
5 # 第三个参数:表示颜色
6 draw.text([0,0],'python',"red")

7. 特殊字体文字

 1 img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(120, 30), color=(255, 255, 255))
 2 draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
 3 # 第一个参数:表示字体文件路径
 4 # 第二个参数:表示字体大小
 5 font = ImageFont.truetype("kumo.ttf", 28)
 6 # 第一个参数:表示起始坐标
 7 # 第二个参数:表示写入内容
 8 # 第三个参数:表示颜色
 9 # 第四个参数:表示颜色
10 draw.text([0, 0], 'python', "red", font=font)

图片验证码

 1 import random
 2   
 3 def check_code(width=120, height=30, char_length=5, font_file='kumo.ttf', font_size=28):
 4     code = []
 5     img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(width, height), color=(255, 255, 255))
 6     draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
 7   
 8     def rndChar():
 9         """
10         生成随机字母  
11         :return:
12         """
13         return chr(random.randint(65, 90))
14   
15     def rndColor():
16         """
17         生成随机颜色
18         :return:
19         """
20         return (random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(10, 255), random.randint(64, 255))
21   
22     # 写文字
23     font = ImageFont.truetype(font_file, font_size)
24     for i in range(char_length):
25         char = rndChar()
26         code.append(char)
27         h = random.randint(0, 4)
28         draw.text([i * width / char_length, h], char, font=font, fill=rndColor())
29   
30     # 写干扰点
31     for i in range(40):
32         draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
33   
34     # 写干扰圆圈
35     for i in range(40):
36         draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
37         x = random.randint(0, width)
38         y = random.randint(0, height)
39         draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=rndColor())
40   
41     # 画干扰线
42     for i in range(5):
43         x1 = random.randint(0, width)
44         y1 = random.randint(0, height)
45         x2 = random.randint(0, width)
46         y2 = random.randint(0, height)
47   
48         draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=rndColor())
49   
50     img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE)
51     return img,''.join(code)
52   
53   
54 if __name__ == '__main__':
55     # 1. 直接打开
56     # img,code = check_code()
57     # img.show()
58   
59     # 2. 写入文件
60     # img,code = check_code()
61     # with open('code.png','wb') as f:
62     #     img.save(f,format='png')
63   
64     # 3. 写入内存(Python3)
65     # from io import BytesIO
66     # stream = BytesIO()
67     # img.save(stream, 'png')
68     # stream.getvalue()
69   
70     # 4. 写入内存(Python2)
71     # import StringIO
72     # stream = StringIO.StringIO()
73     # img.save(stream, 'png')
74     # stream.getvalue()
75   
76     pass

二、图片验证码应用

四种实现方式,越来越趋于完美

方式一:

 # 方式一:这样的方式吧路径写死了,只能是那一张图片
    import os
    path = os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR,"static","image","3.jpg")  #路径拼接
    with open(path,"rb") as f:
        data = f.read()
    return HttpResponse(data)

方式二:

# 方式二:每次都显示不同的图片,利用pillow模块,安装一个pillow模块
    from PIL import Image
    img = Image.new(mode="RGB",size=(120,40),color="green") #首先自己创建一个图片,参数size=(120,40) 代表长和高
    f = open("validcode.png","wb")#然后把图片放在一个指定的位置
    img.save(f,"png")  #保存图片
    f.close()
    with open("validcode.png","rb") as f:
        data = f.read()
    return HttpResponse(data)

方式三:

 # 方式三:
    # 方式二也不怎么好,因为每次都要创建一个保存图片的文件,我们可以不让吧图片保存到硬盘上,
    # 在内存中保存,完了自动清除,那么就引入了方式三:利用BytesIO模块
    from io import BytesIO
    from PIL import Image
    img = Image.new(mode="RGB",size=(120,40),color="blue")
    f = BytesIO()  #内存文件句柄
    img.save(f,"png")  #保存文件
    data = f.getvalue()#打开文件(相当于python中的f.read())
    return HttpResponse(data)

方式四:

 # 方式四:1、添加画笔,也就是在图片上写上一些文字
    #         2、并且字体随机,背景颜色随机
    from io import BytesIO
    from PIL import Image,ImageDraw,ImageFont
    import random
    #随机创建图片
    img = Image.new(mode="RGB",size=(120,40),color=(random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255)))
    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img,"RGB")
    # 画干扰线
    for i in range(5):
        x1 = random.randint(0, 120)
        y1 = random.randint(0, 40)
        x2 = random.randint(0, 120)
        y2 = random.randint(0, 40)

        draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=(random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255)))

    font = ImageFont.truetype("static/font/kumo.ttf",20)  #20表示20像素

    str_list = []  #吧每次生成的验证码保存起来
    # 随机生成五个字符
    for i in range(5):
        random_num = str(random.randint(0, 9))  # 随机数字
        random_lower = chr(random.randint(65, 90))  # 随机小写字母
        random_upper = chr(random.randint(97, 122))  # 随机大写字母
        random_char = random.choice([random_num, random_lower, random_upper])
        print(random_char,"random_char")
        str_list.append(random_char)
        # (5 + i * 24, 10)表示坐标,字体的位置
        draw.text((5+i*24,10),random_char,(random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255)),font=font)
    print(str_list,"str_list")
    f = BytesIO()#内存文件句柄
    img.save(f,"png")   #img是一个对象
    data = f.getvalue()  #读取数据并返回至HTML
    valid_str = "".join(str_list)
    print(valid_str,"valid_str")
    request.session["keep_valid_code"] = valid_str   #吧保存到列表的东西存放至session中
    return HttpResponse(data)

三、滑动验证码应用

 我们可以借助插件来做

1、打开插件,找到自己需要的验证码

2、筛选有用的路径

3、把对应的视图函数也拿过来,注意还需要一个geetest.py的文件

具体实现

1 #滑动验证码
2     url(r'^pc-geetest/register', pcgetcaptcha, name='pcgetcaptcha'),
3     url(r'^pc-geetest/ajax_validate', pcajax_validate, name='pcajax_validate'),
urls
 1 # ================
 2 from app01.geetest import GeetestLib
 3 pc_geetest_id = "b46d1900d0a894591916ea94ea91bd2c"
 4 pc_geetest_key = "36fc3fe98530eea08dfc6ce76e3d24c4"
 5 mobile_geetest_id = "7c25da6fe21944cfe507d2f9876775a9"
 6 mobile_geetest_key = "f5883f4ee3bd4fa8caec67941de1b903"
 7 # 滑动验证码
 8 def pcgetcaptcha(request):
 9     user_id = 'test'
10     gt = GeetestLib(pc_geetest_id, pc_geetest_key)
11     status = gt.pre_process(user_id)
12     request.session[gt.GT_STATUS_SESSION_KEY] = status
13     request.session["user_id"] = user_id
14     response_str = gt.get_response_str()
15     return HttpResponse(response_str)
16 # 滑动验证码
17 def pcajax_validate(request):
18 
19     if request.method == "POST":
20         # 验证的验证码
21         ret = {"flag": False, "error_msg": None}
22         gt = GeetestLib(pc_geetest_id, pc_geetest_key)
23         challenge = request.POST.get(gt.FN_CHALLENGE, '')
24         validate = request.POST.get(gt.FN_VALIDATE, '')
25         seccode = request.POST.get(gt.FN_SECCODE, '')
26         status = request.session[gt.GT_STATUS_SESSION_KEY]
27         user_id = request.session["user_id"]
28         print("status",status)
29         if status:
30             result = gt.success_validate(challenge, validate, seccode, user_id)
31         else:
32             result = gt.failback_validate(challenge, validate, seccode)
33         if result:  #如果验证验证码正确,就验证用户名是否正确
34             username = request.POST.get("username")
35             password = request.POST.get("password")
36 
37            # 验证用户名和密码
38             user = auth.authenticate(username=username, password=password)
39             if user:
40                 # 如果验证成功就让登录
41                 ret["flag"] = True
42                 auth.login(request, user)
43             else:
44                 ret["error_msg"] = "用户名和密码错误"
45         else:
46             ret["error_msg"] = "验证码错误"
47         return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
48     else:
49         return render(request, "login.html")
views
  1 <!DOCTYPE html>
  2 <html lang="en">
  3 <head>
  4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
  5     <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  6     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
  7     <title>Title</title>
  8     <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css">
  9     <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/login.css">
 10     <script src="/static/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
 11    滑动验证码的时候导入
 12     <script src="http://static.geetest.com/static/tools/gt.js"></script>
 13     <script src="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
 14     <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery-cookie/1.4.1/jquery.cookie.js"></script>
 15 
 16 </head>
 17 <body>
 18 <div class="container">
 19     <div class="row">
 20         <div class="col-md-1=10">
 21             <form class="form-horizontal" id="form_data" action="/login/" method="post">
 22                 {% csrf_token %}
 23                 <div class="form-group">
 24                     <label for="username" class="col-sm-2 control-label">用户名</label>
 25                     <div class="col-sm-5">
 26                         <input type="text" class="form-control" id="username" placeholder="username" name="username">
 27                     </div>
 28                 </div>
 29                 <div class="form-group">
 30                     <label for="password" class="col-sm-2 control-label">密码</label>
 31                     <div class="col-sm-5">
 32                         <input type="password" class="form-control" id="password" placeholder="password" name="password">
 33                     </div>
 34                 </div>
 35                 <div class="form-group">
 36                     <div class="row">
 37                         <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-1">
 38 {#                            文字部分#}
 39                             <label for="vialdCode" class="col-sm-2 control-label">验证码</label>
 40                              <div class="col-sm-5">
 41                                 <input type="text" class="form-control vialdCode_text" id="vialdCode" placeholder="验证码" name="vialdCode">
 42                             </div>
 43 {#                            图片部分#}
 44                              <div class="col-md-5">
 45                             <img class="vialdCode_img" src="/get_vaildCode_img/" alt="" width="200px" height="100px">
 46 {#                                 <a href=""></a>     #}
 47                         </div>
 48                         </div>
 49 
 50                     </div>
 51                 </div>
 52                 <div class="form-group">
 53                     <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
 54                         <div class="checkbox">
 55                             <label>
 56                                 <input type="checkbox"> 下次自动登录
 57                             </label>
 58                         </div>
 59                     </div>
 60                 </div>
 61                 <div class="form-group">
 62                     <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
 63                         <p>
 64                             <button type="button" class="btn btn-success login" id="submit">登录</button>
 65                             <span class="error has-error"></span></p>
 66                         <p>
 67                             <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary register">注册</button>
 68                         </p>
 69                     </div>
 70                     <div id="popup-captcha"></div>
 71                 </div>
 72             </form>
 73         </div>
 74     </div>
 75 </div>
 76 {#滑动验证码#}
 77 <script>
 78     var handlerPopup = function (captchaObj) {
 79         $("#submit").click(function () {
 80             captchaObj.show();
 81         });
 82         //定时函数
 83          $(".login").click(function () {
 84              function foo() {
 85                  $(".error").html("")
 86              }
 87 
 88              // 成功的回调
 89              captchaObj.onSuccess(function () {
 90                  var validate = captchaObj.getValidate();
 91                  $.ajax({
 92                      url: "/pc-geetest/ajax_validate", // 进行二次验证
 93                      type: "post",
 94                      dataType: "json",
 95                      headers: {"X-CSRFToken": $.cookie('csrftoken')},
 96                      data: {
 97                          username: $('#username').val(),
 98                          password: $('#password').val(),
 99                          geetest_challenge: validate.geetest_challenge,
100                          geetest_validate: validate.geetest_validate,
101                          geetest_seccode: validate.geetest_seccode
102                      },
103                      success: function (data) {
104                          console.log(data);
105                          if (data["flag"]) {
106 {#                             alert(location.search);#}
107 {#                             alert(location.search.slice(6));#}
108 {#                             方式一#}
109 {#                             if (location.search.slice(6)) {#}
110                                  {#                            如果用户没有登录点赞的时候,当用户后来又登录了,就直接让跳转到当前点赞的那个路径#}
111 {#                                 location.href = location.search.slice(6)#}
112 {#                             }#}
113 {#                             else {#}
114 {#                                 window.location.href = '/index/'#}
115 {#                             }#}
116 {#                             方式二:#}
117                              alert($.cookie("next_path"));
118                              if ($.cookie("next_path")){
119                                  location.href = $.cookie("next_path")
120                              }
121                              else{
122                                  location.href = "/index/"
123                              }
124                          }
125                          else {
126                              $(".error").html(data["error_msg"]);
127                              setTimeout(foo, 3000)
128                          }
129                      }
130                  });
131              });
132 
133          });
134              // 将验证码加到id为captcha的元素里
135              captchaObj.appendTo("#popup-captcha");
136              // 更多接口参考:http://www.geetest.com/install/sections/idx-client-sdk.html
137          };
138     // 验证开始需要向网站主后台获取id,challenge,success(是否启用failback)
139     $.ajax({
140         url: "/pc-geetest/register?t=" + (new Date()).getTime(), // 加随机数防止缓存
141         type: "get",
142         dataType: "json",
143         success: function (data) {
144             // 使用initGeetest接口
145             // 参数1:配置参数
146             // 参数2:回调,回调的第一个参数验证码对象,之后可以使用它做appendTo之类的事件
147             initGeetest({
148                 gt: data.gt,
149                 challenge: data.challenge,
150                 product: "popup", // 产品形式,包括:float,embed,popup。注意只对PC版验证码有效
151                 offline: !data.success // 表示用户后台检测极验服务器是否宕机,一般不需要关注
152                 // 更多配置参数请参见:http://www.geetest.com/install/sections/idx-client-sdk.html#config
153             }, handlerPopup);
154         }
155     });
156 </script>
login.html

 

posted on 2017-11-20 21:06  海燕。  阅读(3078)  评论(6编辑  收藏  举报