springMVC初探--环境搭建和第一个HelloWorld简单项目
注:此篇为学习springMVC时,做的笔记整理.
MVC框架要做哪些事情?
a,将url映射到java类,或者java类的方法上
b,封装用户提交的数据
c,处理请求->调用相关的业务处理—>封装响应的数据
d,将响应的数据进行渲染
springMVC框架有什么优点?
性能比struts2好
简单便捷易学,能进行更简洁的web层开发
天生和spring无缝集成
使用约定优于配置
能够进行简单junit测试
支持restful风格
异常处理,本地化国际化,数据验证,拦截器
提供一套强大的JSP标签库，简化JSP开发
简单了解springMVC的结构和流程
这是在网上找到的一张springmvc的结构流程图:
环境搭建和hello springMVC简单案例
1.配置文件开发(非注解方式)
a.导入相关jar包
commons-logging-1.1.3.jar
spring-beans-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
spring-context-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
spring-context-support-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
spring-core-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
spring-expression-4.3.0.RELEASE.jar
spring-web-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
spring-webmvc-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
spring-aop-4.3.0.RELEASE.jar
b..在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet
<!-- 配置分发器Dispatcher --> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!-- 随系统启动 --> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
c.添加Springmvc配置文件,默认在WEB-INF目录下添加,springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- 配置HandlerMapping --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean> <!-- 配置HandleAdapter --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean> <!-- 配置渲染器 --> <bean id="jspViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/> <!-- 结果视图的前缀 --> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/> <!-- 结果视图的后缀 --> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> <!-- 配置请求和处理器 --> <bean name="/hello.do" class="com.wang.controler.HelloControler"></bean> </beans>
d.编写HelloControler.java
package com.wang.controler; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller; public class HelloControler implements Controller{ @Override public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView(); mv.addObject("msg","hello springmvc"); System.out.println("111"); mv.setViewName("hello"); return mv; } }
在WEB-INF目录下新建hello.jsp,简单写一句表达式${msg},浏览器中测试即可.
使用注解方式
a.导jar包(相同)
b.在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet(这次配置一个contextConfigLocation参数,以将mvc.xml放在src目录下):
<servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:mvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
c.在src目录下新建mvc.xml文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- 配置渲染器 --> <bean id="jspViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/> <!-- 结果视图的前缀 --> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/> <!-- 结果视图的后缀 --> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> <!-- 配置需要扫描的包(重点) --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.wang.controller"/> </beans>
d.src目录下新建HelloController.jar(重点):
package com.wang.controller; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; @Controller public class HelloController { @RequestMapping("/hello") public ModelAndView hello(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse res){ ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView(); mv.addObject("msg", "hello world"); mv.setViewName("hello"); return mv; } }
