iOS - 详细理解KVC与KVO

详细理解KVC与KVO

在面试的时候,KVC与KVO有些时候还是会问到的,并且他们都是Objective C的关键概念,在这里我们先做一个简单地介绍:

(一)KVC:

KVC即指:NSKeyValueCoding,一个非正式的Protocol,提供一种机制来间接访问对象的属性。KVO就是基于KVC实现的关键技术之一。

一个对象拥有某些属性;比如说,一个Person对象有一个name和一个address属性,以KVC说法,Person对象分别有一个value对应他的name和sex的key;这里key只是一个字符串,他对应的值可以使任意类型的对象;从最基础的从此上看,KVC有两个方法:一个是设置key的值,另一个是获取key的值;(示例代码如下:)

void changeName(Person *p, NSString *newName)
{
 
    // using the KVC accessor (getter) method
    NSString *originalName = [p valueForKey:@"name"];
 
    // using the KVC  accessor (setter) method.
    [p setValue:newName forKey:@"name"];
 
    NSLog(@"Changed %@'s name to: %@", originalName, newName);
 
}

 现在,如果 Person 有另外一个 key 配偶(spouse),spouse 的 key 值是另一个 Person 对象,用 KVC 可以这样写(示例代码如下:)

void logMarriage(Person *p)
{
 
    // just using the accessor again, same as example above
    NSString *personsName = [p valueForKey:@"name"];
 
    // this line is different, because it is using
    // a "key path" instead of a normal "key"
    NSString *spousesName = [p valueForKeyPath:@"spouse.name"];
 
    NSLog(@"%@ is happily married to %@", personsName, spousesName);
 
}

 key 与 key pat 要区分开来,key 可以从一个对象中获取值,而 key path 可以将多个 key 用点号 “.” 分割连接起来,比如:

[p valueForKeyPath:@"spouse.name"];

 相当于这样……

[[p valueForKey:@"spouse"] valueForKey:@"name"];

 (二)KVO:

KVO即指:Key-Value Observing建立在 KVC 之上,它能够观察一个对象的 KVC key path 值的变化。举个例子,用代码观察一个 person 对象的 address 变化,以下是实现的三个方法:

(1)watchPersonForChangeOfAddress: 实现观察;
(2)observeValueForKeyPath:ofObject:change:context: 在被观察的 key path 的值变化时调用;
(3)dealloc 停止观察。

(示例代码如下:)

static NSString *const KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED = @"KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED"
 
@implementation PersonWatcher
 
-(void) watchPersonForChangeOfAddress:(Person *)p
{
 
    // this begins the observing
    [p addObserver:self
        forKeyPath:@"address"
           options:0
           context:KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED];
 
    // keep a record of all the people being observed,
    // because we need to stop observing them in dealloc
    [m_observedPeople addObject:p];
}
 
// whenever an observed key path changes, this method will be called
- (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath
                      ofObject:(id)object
                        change:(NSDictionary *)change
                       context:(void *)context
 
{
    // use the context to make sure this is a change in the address,
    // because we may also be observing other things
    if(context == KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED) {
        NSString *name = [object valueForKey:@"name"];
        NSString *address = [object valueForKey:@"address"];
        NSLog(@"%@ has a new address: %@", name, address);
    }
}
 
-(void) dealloc;
{
 
    // must stop observing everything before this object is
    // deallocated, otherwise it will cause crashes
    for(Person *p in m_observedPeople){
        [p removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"address"];
    }
 
    [m_observedPeople release];
    m_observedPeople = nil;
 
    [super dealloc];
 
}
 
-(id) init;
{
    if(self = [super init]){
        m_observedPeople = [NSMutableArray new];
    }
 
    return self;
}
 
@end

 这就是 KVO 的作用,它通过 key path 观察对象的值,当值发生变化的时候会收到通知。

(以上便是KVO和KVC的相关理解,还希望大家相互补充共同进步)

posted @ 2015-10-05 23:10  DDChina  阅读(1655)  评论(2编辑  收藏  举报