[03] 处理注解:反射
1、AnnotatedElement接口
如果没有用来读取注解的方法和工作,那么注解也就不会比注释更有用处了。使用注解的过程中,很重要的一部分就是创建于使用注解处理器。Java SE5扩展了反射机制的API,以帮助程序员快速的构造自定义注解处理器。
Java用Annotation接口来代表程序元素前面的注解,该接口是所有Annotation类型的父接口。如在java.lang.reflect包中有一个接口AnnotatedElement,其中定义了一些注解相关的方法,如判断某元素是否标注了注解的方法:
- boolean isAnnotationPresent(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass)
- 这里的传参实际上就是传入 ”某个注解.class“
另外,Java在java.lang.reflect 包下新增了 AnnotatedElement 接口:
/**
* Represents an annotated element of the program currently running in this
* VM. This interface allows annotations to be read reflectively. All
* annotations returned by methods in this interface are immutable and
* serializable. It is permissible for the caller to modify the
* arrays returned by accessors for array-valued enum members; it will
* have no affect on the arrays returned to other callers.
*
* <p>If an annotation returned by a method in this interface contains
* (directly or indirectly) a {@link Class}-valued member referring to
* a class that is not accessible in this VM, attempting to read the class
* by calling the relevant Class-returning method on the returned annotation
* will result in a {@link TypeNotPresentException}.
*
* <p>Similarly, attempting to read an enum-valued member will result in
* a {@link EnumConstantNotPresentException} if the enum constant in the
* annotation is no longer present in the enum type.
*
* <p>Finally, Attempting to read a member whose definition has evolved
* incompatibly will result in a {@link
* java.lang.annotation.AnnotationTypeMismatchException} or an
* {@link java.lang.annotation.IncompleteAnnotationException}.
*
* @since 1.5
* @author Josh Bloch
*/26
1
/** 2
* Represents an annotated element of the program currently running in this3
* VM. This interface allows annotations to be read reflectively. All4
* annotations returned by methods in this interface are immutable and5
* serializable. It is permissible for the caller to modify the6
* arrays returned by accessors for array-valued enum members; it will7
* have no affect on the arrays returned to other callers.8
*9
* <p>If an annotation returned by a method in this interface contains10
* (directly or indirectly) a {@link Class}-valued member referring to11
* a class that is not accessible in this VM, attempting to read the class12
* by calling the relevant Class-returning method on the returned annotation13
* will result in a {@link TypeNotPresentException}.14
*15
* <p>Similarly, attempting to read an enum-valued member will result in16
* a {@link EnumConstantNotPresentException} if the enum constant in the17
* annotation is no longer present in the enum type.18
* 19
* <p>Finally, Attempting to read a member whose definition has evolved20
* incompatibly will result in a {@link21
* java.lang.annotation.AnnotationTypeMismatchException} or an22
* {@link java.lang.annotation.IncompleteAnnotationException}.23
*24
* @since 1.525
* @author Josh Bloch26
*/该接口代表程序中可以接受注解的程序元素,这句话怎么理解?我们从另一头倒着来理:
(1)Field、Method、Constructor
在反射中我们知道的像属性、方法、构造函数等封装的类,都继承了一个类,叫AccessibleObject;
(2)AccessibleObject (参考链接)
java.lang.reflect包中有类AccessibleObject,从类的注释可以看出,The AccessibleObject class is the base class for Field, Method and Constructor objects. It provides the ability to flag a reflected object as suppressing default Java language access control checks when it is used. 显然,它可以让一个反射对象去禁止Java语言的访问控制检测,从而能够调用对象的私有属性和方法。
这个类实现了一个接口,就是我们提到的AnnotatedElement了,实现该接口的类(Represents an annotated element of the program currently running in this VM. This interface allows annotations to be read reflectively.)即代表那些可注解的元素,同时可以利用反射机制读取注解。所以,它的几个主要实现类有:
- Class 类
- Constructor 构造器
- Field 类的成员变量
- Method 类的方法
- Package 类的包
注意:如Class、Package未继承AccessibleObject,毕竟这两个类不需要所谓的访问权限设置,但是它们是实现了AnnotatedElement接口的。
所以当我们通过反射获取某个类的AnnotatedElement对象之后,就可以调用AnnotatedElement接口定义好的几个方法:
- //判断该程序元素上是否包含指定类型的注解,存在返回true,否则返回false
- boolean isAnnotationPresent(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass);
- //返回该程序元素上存在的、指定类型的注解,如果该类型注解不存在,则返回null
- <T extends Annotation> T getAnnotation(Class<T> annotationClass);
- //返回该程序元素上存在的所有注解
- Annotation[] getAnnotations();
- //返回直接存在于该元素上的所有注解(与该接口中其他方法不同,该方法将忽略继承的注解)
- //如果没有注解直接存在于此元素上,则返回长度为零的一个数组
- //该方法调用者可以随意修改返回的数组,不会对其他调用者返回的数组产生影响
- Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations();
2、AnnotatedElement使用示例
2.1 自定义注解
/**
* 水果名称注解
*/
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface FruitName {
String value() default "";
}
/**
* 水果颜色注解
*/
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface FruitColor {
/**
* 颜色枚举
*/
public enum Color {BULE, RED, GREEN}
/**
* 颜色属性
*/
public Color fruitColor() default Color.GREEN;
}
/**
* 水果供应商注解
*/
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface FruitProvider {
/**
* 供应商编号
*/
public int id() default -1;
/**
* 供应商名称
*/
public String name() default "";
/**
* 供应商地址
*/
public String address() default "";
}54
1
/**2
* 水果名称注解3
*/4
(ElementType.FIELD)5
(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)6
7
public @interface FruitName {8
String value() default "";9
}10
11
12
/**13
* 水果颜色注解14
*/15
(ElementType.FIELD)16
(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)17
18
public @interface FruitColor {19
/**20
* 颜色枚举21
*/22
public enum Color {BULE, RED, GREEN}23
24
/**25
* 颜色属性26
*/27
public Color fruitColor() default Color.GREEN;28
}29
30
31
/**32
* 水果供应商注解33
*/34
(ElementType.FIELD)35
(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)36
37
public @interface FruitProvider {38
39
/**40
* 供应商编号41
*/42
public int id() default -1;43
44
/**45
* 供应商名称46
*/47
public String name() default "";48
49
/**50
* 供应商地址51
*/52
public String address() default "";53
54
}注意:当一个Annotation类型被定义为运行时(RUNTIME)的Annotation时,该注解才能是运行时可见,当class文件被装载时被保存在class文件中的Annotation才会被虚拟机读取。
2.2 使用自定义注解的类
/**
* 苹果类
*/
public class Apple {
/**
* 苹果名称
*/
@FruitName("红富士")
private String appleName;
/**
* 苹果颜色
*/
@FruitColor(fruitColor = FruitColor.Color.RED)
private String appleColor;
/**
* 苹果供应商
*/
@FruitProvider(id = 1, name = "陕西红富士集团", address = "陕西省西安市延安路89号红富士大厦")
private String appleProvider;
public String getAppleName() {
return appleName;
}
public void setAppleName(String appleName) {
this.appleName = appleName;
}
public String getAppleColor() {
return appleColor;
}
public void setAppleColor(String appleColor) {
this.appleColor = appleColor;
}
public String getAppleProvider() {
return appleProvider;
}
public void setAppleProvider(String appleProvider) {
this.appleProvider = appleProvider;
}
}47
1
/**2
* 苹果类3
*/4
public class Apple {5
6
/**7
* 苹果名称8
*/9
("红富士")10
private String appleName;11
12
/**13
* 苹果颜色14
*/15
(fruitColor = FruitColor.Color.RED)16
private String appleColor;17
18
/**19
* 苹果供应商20
*/21
(id = 1, name = "陕西红富士集团", address = "陕西省西安市延安路89号红富士大厦")22
private String appleProvider;23
24
public String getAppleName() {25
return appleName;26
}27
28
public void setAppleName(String appleName) {29
this.appleName = appleName;30
}31
32
public String getAppleColor() {33
return appleColor;34
}35
36
public void setAppleColor(String appleColor) {37
this.appleColor = appleColor;38
}39
40
public String getAppleProvider() {41
return appleProvider;42
}43
44
public void setAppleProvider(String appleProvider) {45
this.appleProvider = appleProvider;46
}47
}2.3 注解处理
public class FruitInfoUtil {
/**
* 获取水果信息
* @param clazz 类对象
*/
public static void getFruitInfo(Class<?> clazz) {
String strFruitName;
String strFruitColor;
String strFruitProvider;
//获取该类对象包含的所有属性对象
Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
//遍历属性对象
for (Field field : fields) {
//如果属性包含的注解是FruitName
if (field.isAnnotationPresent(FruitName.class)) {
FruitName fruitName = field.getAnnotation(FruitName.class);
strFruitName = "水果名称:" + fruitName.value();
System.out.println(strFruitName);
}
//如果属性包含的注解是FruitColor
else if (field.isAnnotationPresent(FruitColor.class)) {
FruitColor fruitColor = field.getAnnotation(FruitColor.class);
strFruitColor = "水果颜色:" + fruitColor.fruitColor().toString();
System.out.println(strFruitColor);
}
//如果属性包含的注解是FruitProvider
else if (field.isAnnotationPresent(FruitProvider.class)) {
FruitProvider fruitProvider = field.getAnnotation(FruitProvider.class);
strFruitProvider = "供应商编号:" + fruitProvider.id()
+ ";供应商名称:" + fruitProvider.name()
+ ";供应商地址:" + fruitProvider.address();
System.out.println(strFruitProvider);
}
}
}
}41
1
public class FruitInfoUtil {2
3
/**4
* 获取水果信息5
* @param clazz 类对象6
*/7
public static void getFruitInfo(Class<?> clazz) {8
9
String strFruitName;10
String strFruitColor;11
String strFruitProvider;12
13
//获取该类对象包含的所有属性对象14
Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();15
16
//遍历属性对象17
for (Field field : fields) {18
//如果属性包含的注解是FruitName19
if (field.isAnnotationPresent(FruitName.class)) {20
FruitName fruitName = field.getAnnotation(FruitName.class);21
strFruitName = "水果名称:" + fruitName.value();22
System.out.println(strFruitName);23
}24
//如果属性包含的注解是FruitColor25
else if (field.isAnnotationPresent(FruitColor.class)) {26
FruitColor fruitColor = field.getAnnotation(FruitColor.class);27
strFruitColor = "水果颜色:" + fruitColor.fruitColor().toString();28
System.out.println(strFruitColor);29
}30
//如果属性包含的注解是FruitProvider31
else if (field.isAnnotationPresent(FruitProvider.class)) {32
FruitProvider fruitProvider = field.getAnnotation(FruitProvider.class);33
strFruitProvider = "供应商编号:" + fruitProvider.id()34
+ ";供应商名称:" + fruitProvider.name()35
+ ";供应商地址:" + fruitProvider.address();36
System.out.println(strFruitProvider);37
}38
}39
}40
41
}2.4 测试和结果输出
public class TestAnnotation {
public static void main(String[] args) {
FruitInfoUtil.getFruitInfo(Apple.class);
}
}
//结果输出
水果名称:红富士
水果颜色:RED
供应商编号:1;供应商名称:陕西红富士集团;供应商地址:陕西省西安市延安路89号红富士大厦x
1
public class TestAnnotation {2
public static void main(String[] args) {3
FruitInfoUtil.getFruitInfo(Apple.class);4
}5
}6
7
//结果输出8
水果名称:红富士9
水果颜色:RED10
供应商编号:1;供应商名称:陕西红富士集团;供应商地址:陕西省西安市延安路89号红富士大厦
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