用VB6来实现MUI程序的方法
之前,我负责一个VB6编写的办公自动化系统,要求能在运行时,支持在不同语言间切换(英文,中文,日文,德文,法文和西班牙文);实质就是实现一个VB6的MUI程序.
这个需要的困难在于VB6显示文本的标准控件(Label,Textbox等)不支持Unicode;但字符串在其内部是按Unicode保存的,也就是说VB6本身是支持Unicode的.
VB6中,标准控件显示字符串的过程如下:
1) 标准控件先将Unicode字符串转换成ANSI字符串;
2) 标准控件尝试将ANSI字符串转换成其Font.Charset属性中指定的字符集格式的字符串;如果转换失败,则显示为问号(?).
具体可参照:Display Unicode Strings in Visual Basic 6.0.
因此,实现MUI程序的思路有两种:
1) 将标准控件替换为能支持Unicode的控件;
2) 将资源文件中不同字符集的文本,转换为ANSI格式,提供给标准控件使用;
第1)种方式可用 Forms 2.0 (fm20.dll);
第2)种方式,我在网上找到两篇文章,但各有不足:
a) Auto-Detect Language and Display Unicode in VB6 TextBox and Label Controls;
ChilkatCharset2控件需购买,具对日文的一些标点符号(如全角句号)不支持.
b) How To Convert from ANSI to Unicode & Unicode to ANSI for OLE
没有测试成功.
下面,着重介绍我自己认为比较成功的实现,它使用了ADODB.Stream(msado25.tlb);其实现思路如下:
1) 将程序中用到的文本保存为Unicode格式的资源文件中;
之所以将资源文本保存为双字节的Unicode格式,而非Utf8或Utf7格式,可省去从其它格式向VB6支持的Unicode格式转换过程.
2) 将显示文本的标准控件的Font.Charset,设置为程序要显示语言所对应的字符集,并设置一种支持这种字符集的字体到Font.Name属性;
代码
1 If g_Str.NumJapanese > 0 Then
2 charset = "Shift_JIS"
3 Text1.Font.Name = "MS UI Gothic"
4 Text1.Font.charset = 128
5
6 ElseIf g_Str.NumKorean > 0 Then
7 charset = "ks_c_5601-1987"
8 Text1.Font.Name = "GulimChe"
9 Text1.Font.charset = 129
10
11 ElseIf g_Str.NumCentralEuro > 0 Then
12 charset = "windows-1250"
13 Text1.Font.Name = "Arial"
14 Text1.Font.charset = 238
15
16 ElseIf g_Str.NumArabic > 0 Then
17 charset = "windows-1256"
18 Text1.Font.Name = "Traditional Arabic"
19 Text1.Font.charset = 178
20
21 ElseIf g_Str.NumHebrew > 0 Then
22 charset = "windows-1255"
23 Text1.Font.Name = "David"
24 Text1.Font.charset = 177
25
26 ElseIf g_Str.NumCyrillic > 0 Then
27 charset = "windows-1251"
28 Text1.Font.Name = "Arial"
29 Text1.Font.charset = 204
30
31 ElseIf g_Str.NumGreek > 0 Then
32 charset = "windows-1253"
33 Text1.Font.Name = "Arial"
34 Text1.Font.charset = 161
35
36 ElseIf g_Str.NumThai > 0 Then
37 charset = "windows-874"
38 Text1.Font.Name = "Angsana New"
39 Text1.Font.charset = 222
40
41 ElseIf g_Str.NumChinese > 0 Then
42 charset = "gb2312"
43 Text1.Font.Name = "SimSun"
44 Text1.Font.charset = 134
45 ' An alternative is to use Big5:
46 ' Text1.Font.Name = "MingLiu"
47 'charset = "big5"
48 'fontCh = 136
49
50 Else
51 charset = "windows-1252"
52 Text1.Font.charset = 0
53 Text1.Font.Name = "Arial"
54 End If
2 charset = "Shift_JIS"
3 Text1.Font.Name = "MS UI Gothic"
4 Text1.Font.charset = 128
5
6 ElseIf g_Str.NumKorean > 0 Then
7 charset = "ks_c_5601-1987"
8 Text1.Font.Name = "GulimChe"
9 Text1.Font.charset = 129
10
11 ElseIf g_Str.NumCentralEuro > 0 Then
12 charset = "windows-1250"
13 Text1.Font.Name = "Arial"
14 Text1.Font.charset = 238
15
16 ElseIf g_Str.NumArabic > 0 Then
17 charset = "windows-1256"
18 Text1.Font.Name = "Traditional Arabic"
19 Text1.Font.charset = 178
20
21 ElseIf g_Str.NumHebrew > 0 Then
22 charset = "windows-1255"
23 Text1.Font.Name = "David"
24 Text1.Font.charset = 177
25
26 ElseIf g_Str.NumCyrillic > 0 Then
27 charset = "windows-1251"
28 Text1.Font.Name = "Arial"
29 Text1.Font.charset = 204
30
31 ElseIf g_Str.NumGreek > 0 Then
32 charset = "windows-1253"
33 Text1.Font.Name = "Arial"
34 Text1.Font.charset = 161
35
36 ElseIf g_Str.NumThai > 0 Then
37 charset = "windows-874"
38 Text1.Font.Name = "Angsana New"
39 Text1.Font.charset = 222
40
41 ElseIf g_Str.NumChinese > 0 Then
42 charset = "gb2312"
43 Text1.Font.Name = "SimSun"
44 Text1.Font.charset = 134
45 ' An alternative is to use Big5:
46 ' Text1.Font.Name = "MingLiu"
47 'charset = "big5"
48 'fontCh = 136
49
50 Else
51 charset = "windows-1252"
52 Text1.Font.charset = 0
53 Text1.Font.Name = "Arial"
54 End If
3) 根据要显示的语言,利用ADODB.Stream将资源文件中Unicode格式保存的字符串转换成操作系统的区域语言(Locale)支持字符集的字符串;
代码 1 ' 调用API来获取操作系统默认的区域语言设置(LocaleID)
2 Private Declare Function GetSystemDefaultLCID Lib "kernel32" () As Long
3
4 ' 将Unicode字符串,转换为指定字符集的字节数组;
5 ' 用于转换用资源文件中读取的文本;
6 Public Function ConvertStringToBytes(ByRef strText As String, charset As String) As Byte()
7
8 Dim objStream As ADODB.Stream
9 Dim data() As Byte
10
11 ' init stream
12 Set objStream = New ADODB.Stream
13 objStream.charset = charset
14 objStream.Mode = adModeReadWrite
15 objStream.Type = adTypeText
16 objStream.Open
17
18 ' write bytes into stream
19 objStream.WriteText strText
20 objStream.Flush
21
22 ' rewind stream and read text
23 objStream.Position = 0
24 objStream.Type = adTypeBinary
25 ' objStream.Read 3 ' skip first 3 bytes as this is the utf-8 marker
26 data = objStream.Read()
27
28 ' close up and return
29 objStream.Close
30 ConvertStringToUtf8Bytes = data
31
32 End Function
33 ' 转换为指定字符集的字节数组,转换为ANSI(即LocaleID)对应的字符集的字符串;
34 ' 用于将ConvertStringToBytes()返回的字节数组转换为GetCharset()字符集的字符串.
35 Public Function ConvertBytesToString(ByRef data() As Byte, charset As String) As String
36
37 Dim objStream As ADODB.Stream
38 Dim strTmp As String
39
40
41 ' init stream
42 Set objStream = New ADODB.Stream
43 objStream.charset = charset
44 objStream.Mode = adModeReadWrite
45 objStream.Type = adTypeBinary
46 objStream.Open
47
48 ' write bytes into stream
49 objStream.Write data
50 objStream.Flush
51
52 ' rewind stream and read text
53 objStream.Position = 0
54 objStream.Type = adTypeText
55 strTmp = objStream.ReadText
56
57 ' close up and return
58 objStream.Close
59 ConvertUtf8BytesToString = strTmp
60
61 End Function
62
63 '获取操作系统默认区域语言对应的字符集
64 Public Function GetCharset() As String
65 Dim localeId As Long
66 Dim charset As String
67
68 ' 获取操作系统的LocaleId
69 localeId = GetSystemDefaultLCID()
70
71 Select Case localeId
72
73 Case 1033
74 charset = "windows-1252"
75 Case 2052
76 charset = "gb2312"
77 Case 1041
78 charset = "Shift_JIS"
79 Case Else
80 charset = "windows-1252"
81 End Select
82
83 GetCharset = charset
84 End Function
85
86 '显示资源文本中的文本
87 Private Sub DisplayText(filename As String)
88
89 '保存资源文本中的文本的变量
90 Dim textBytes As Variant
91 Dim f As New FileSystemObject
92 Dim fs As TextStream
93 '将Unicode文本读取到变量中
94 Set fs = f.OpenTextFile(filename, ForReading, False, TristateTrue)
95
96 Do While Not fs.AtEndOfStream
97 textBytes = fs.ReadAll
98 Loop
99
100 fs.Close
101
102 ' Convert to a Unicode string:
103 Dim s As String
104 s = textBytes
105 Dim t As Long
106 ' CkString是免费的第三方组件,可自动判定一个字符串所对应的字符集
107 ' 下载地址:http://www.chilkatsoft.com/download/CkString.zip
108 Dim g_Str As New CkString
109 g_Str.Str = s
110
111 '获取资源文本所代表的字符集名称,设置对应的字体和字符集到textbox上
112 Dim charset As String
113 If g_Str.NumJapanese > 0 Then '日文
114 charset = "Shift_JIS"
115 Text1.Font.Name = "MS UI Gothic"
116 Text1.Font.charset = 128
117
118 ElseIf g_Str.NumKorean > 0 Then '韩语
119 charset = "ks_c_5601-1987"
120 Text1.Font.Name = "GulimChe"
121 Text1.Font.charset = 129
122
123 ElseIf g_Str.NumCentralEuro > 0 Then '中欧语言
124 charset = "windows-1250"
125 Text1.Font.Name = "Arial"
126 Text1.Font.charset = 238
127
128 ElseIf g_Str.NumArabic > 0 Then '阿拉伯语
129 charset = "windows-1256"
130 Text1.Font.Name = "Traditional Arabic"
131 Text1.Font.charset = 178
132 ElseIf g_Str.NumGreek > 0 Then '希腊语
133 charset = "windows-1253"
134 Text1.Font.Name = "Arial"
135 Text1.Font.charset = 161
136 ElseIf g_Str.NumThai > 0 Then '泰语
137 charset = "windows-874"
138 Text1.Font.Name = "Angsana New"
139 Text1.Font.charset = 222
140 ElseIf g_Str.NumChinese > 0 Then '中文
141 charset = "gb2312"
142 Text1.Font.Name = "SimSun"
143 Text1.Font.charset = 134
144 ' 繁体则使用Big5:
145 ' Text1.Font.Name = "MingLiu"
146 'charset = "big5"
147 'Text1.Font.charset = 136
148 Else '默认值
149 charset = "windows-1252"
150 Text1.Font.charset = 0
151 Text1.Font.Name = "Arial"
152 End If
153
154 Dim bytes() As Byte
155 Dim g_OSCharset As String
156 '获取操作系统默认语言对应的字符集
157 g_OSCharset = GetCharset()
158 '先将Unicode资源文本转换成对应的字节数组;
159 bytes = ConvertStringToBytes(s, charset)
160 '将字节数组转换成ANSI(即默认字符集)对应的字符串
161 vbstr2 = ConvertBytesToString(bytes, g_OSCharset)
162 ' 设置字符串到VB6的标准控件中
163 Me.Text1.Text = vbstr2
164 End Sub
2 Private Declare Function GetSystemDefaultLCID Lib "kernel32" () As Long
3
4 ' 将Unicode字符串,转换为指定字符集的字节数组;
5 ' 用于转换用资源文件中读取的文本;
6 Public Function ConvertStringToBytes(ByRef strText As String, charset As String) As Byte()
7
8 Dim objStream As ADODB.Stream
9 Dim data() As Byte
10
11 ' init stream
12 Set objStream = New ADODB.Stream
13 objStream.charset = charset
14 objStream.Mode = adModeReadWrite
15 objStream.Type = adTypeText
16 objStream.Open
17
18 ' write bytes into stream
19 objStream.WriteText strText
20 objStream.Flush
21
22 ' rewind stream and read text
23 objStream.Position = 0
24 objStream.Type = adTypeBinary
25 ' objStream.Read 3 ' skip first 3 bytes as this is the utf-8 marker
26 data = objStream.Read()
27
28 ' close up and return
29 objStream.Close
30 ConvertStringToUtf8Bytes = data
31
32 End Function
33 ' 转换为指定字符集的字节数组,转换为ANSI(即LocaleID)对应的字符集的字符串;
34 ' 用于将ConvertStringToBytes()返回的字节数组转换为GetCharset()字符集的字符串.
35 Public Function ConvertBytesToString(ByRef data() As Byte, charset As String) As String
36
37 Dim objStream As ADODB.Stream
38 Dim strTmp As String
39
40
41 ' init stream
42 Set objStream = New ADODB.Stream
43 objStream.charset = charset
44 objStream.Mode = adModeReadWrite
45 objStream.Type = adTypeBinary
46 objStream.Open
47
48 ' write bytes into stream
49 objStream.Write data
50 objStream.Flush
51
52 ' rewind stream and read text
53 objStream.Position = 0
54 objStream.Type = adTypeText
55 strTmp = objStream.ReadText
56
57 ' close up and return
58 objStream.Close
59 ConvertUtf8BytesToString = strTmp
60
61 End Function
62
63 '获取操作系统默认区域语言对应的字符集
64 Public Function GetCharset() As String
65 Dim localeId As Long
66 Dim charset As String
67
68 ' 获取操作系统的LocaleId
69 localeId = GetSystemDefaultLCID()
70
71 Select Case localeId
72
73 Case 1033
74 charset = "windows-1252"
75 Case 2052
76 charset = "gb2312"
77 Case 1041
78 charset = "Shift_JIS"
79 Case Else
80 charset = "windows-1252"
81 End Select
82
83 GetCharset = charset
84 End Function
85
86 '显示资源文本中的文本
87 Private Sub DisplayText(filename As String)
88
89 '保存资源文本中的文本的变量
90 Dim textBytes As Variant
91 Dim f As New FileSystemObject
92 Dim fs As TextStream
93 '将Unicode文本读取到变量中
94 Set fs = f.OpenTextFile(filename, ForReading, False, TristateTrue)
95
96 Do While Not fs.AtEndOfStream
97 textBytes = fs.ReadAll
98 Loop
99
100 fs.Close
101
102 ' Convert to a Unicode string:
103 Dim s As String
104 s = textBytes
105 Dim t As Long
106 ' CkString是免费的第三方组件,可自动判定一个字符串所对应的字符集
107 ' 下载地址:http://www.chilkatsoft.com/download/CkString.zip
108 Dim g_Str As New CkString
109 g_Str.Str = s
110
111 '获取资源文本所代表的字符集名称,设置对应的字体和字符集到textbox上
112 Dim charset As String
113 If g_Str.NumJapanese > 0 Then '日文
114 charset = "Shift_JIS"
115 Text1.Font.Name = "MS UI Gothic"
116 Text1.Font.charset = 128
117
118 ElseIf g_Str.NumKorean > 0 Then '韩语
119 charset = "ks_c_5601-1987"
120 Text1.Font.Name = "GulimChe"
121 Text1.Font.charset = 129
122
123 ElseIf g_Str.NumCentralEuro > 0 Then '中欧语言
124 charset = "windows-1250"
125 Text1.Font.Name = "Arial"
126 Text1.Font.charset = 238
127
128 ElseIf g_Str.NumArabic > 0 Then '阿拉伯语
129 charset = "windows-1256"
130 Text1.Font.Name = "Traditional Arabic"
131 Text1.Font.charset = 178
132 ElseIf g_Str.NumGreek > 0 Then '希腊语
133 charset = "windows-1253"
134 Text1.Font.Name = "Arial"
135 Text1.Font.charset = 161
136 ElseIf g_Str.NumThai > 0 Then '泰语
137 charset = "windows-874"
138 Text1.Font.Name = "Angsana New"
139 Text1.Font.charset = 222
140 ElseIf g_Str.NumChinese > 0 Then '中文
141 charset = "gb2312"
142 Text1.Font.Name = "SimSun"
143 Text1.Font.charset = 134
144 ' 繁体则使用Big5:
145 ' Text1.Font.Name = "MingLiu"
146 'charset = "big5"
147 'Text1.Font.charset = 136
148 Else '默认值
149 charset = "windows-1252"
150 Text1.Font.charset = 0
151 Text1.Font.Name = "Arial"
152 End If
153
154 Dim bytes() As Byte
155 Dim g_OSCharset As String
156 '获取操作系统默认语言对应的字符集
157 g_OSCharset = GetCharset()
158 '先将Unicode资源文本转换成对应的字节数组;
159 bytes = ConvertStringToBytes(s, charset)
160 '将字节数组转换成ANSI(即默认字符集)对应的字符串
161 vbstr2 = ConvertBytesToString(bytes, g_OSCharset)
162 ' 设置字符串到VB6的标准控件中
163 Me.Text1.Text = vbstr2
164 End Sub
参考:
1) 字符集列表及LocaleId列表(http://www.livio.net/main/charset.asp)
