webservice

1、SOA:Service-Oriented Architecture   所以webservice只是SOA的一种实现

2、webservice    指SOAP和restful

3、SOAP详解

     http://blog.csdn.net/pan_tian/article/details/10008893

SOA和Web Service

首先明白SOA和Web Service的关系:
* SOA面向服务架构,用于大型分布式系统的一个概念;
* Web Service是实现SOA的方式之一,不是所有的SOA都是基于Web service的;
* 但Webservice确实为最主流的SOA实现方式,有的人甚至把SOA等同于Webservice。不可否认,正是Webservice的成功才造就了SOA这个概念的成功;
 

Webservice

Webservice有三个基础标准:

1.WSDL: Web服务定义语言(Web Service Definition Language),用来定义服务接口。实际上,它能描述服务的两个不同方面:服务的签名(名字和参数),以及服务的绑定和部署细节(协议和位置)。
2.SOAP:简单对象访问协议(Simple Object Access Protocol),是定义Webservice的协议。HTTP是一个网络数据交互的底层协议,而SOAP是Web Service数据交换的专用协议。
3.UDDI:通用描述、发现与集成服务(Universal Description, Discovery and Integration),UDDI 是一种目录服务,企业可以使用它对 Web services 进行注册和搜索。
SOAP是协议,就像HTTP协议一样,一般框架都已经集成;
UDDI扮演者补充的角色,非必须,而且通常在实践中也不用。
WSDL是开发人员打交道最多的东西,也算是Webservice的核心了。

WSDL

WSDL现在主要有两个版本,1.1和2.0,两个版本标示大体结构相似,略有不同。(WSDL1.1版本根节点为definitions,2.0版本根节点为description)
 
 
 
 
WSDL Example
WSDL通常是框架来生成的,并不是手工写的,比如Java可以使用wsgen 生成webservice,.Net框架也有自己方法,都可以通过自身的框架把接口发布称WSDL文件。
一个WSDL的简单示例。这个WSDL文件定义了一个被称为CustomerService的服务,该服务提供了一个被称为getCustomerAdress()的操作。这个操作的输入参数为一个类型为long的客户ID,输出为一个包含3个string属性-街道、城市和邮编的结构。(示例来自于《SOA实践指南》)
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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>  
  2. <definitions name="CustomerService"  
  3.      targetNamespace="http://soa-in-practice.com/wsdl"  
  4.      xmlns:tns="http://soa-in-practice.com/wsdl"  
  5.      xmlns:xsd1="http://soa-in-practice.com/xsd"  
  6.      xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"  
  7.      xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/"  
  8.      xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/">  
  9.   
  10.      <types>  
  11.           <xsd:schema  
  12.                targetNamespace="http://soa-in-practice.com/xsd"  
  13.                xmlns="http://soa-in-practice.com/xsd">  
  14.   
  15.                <xsd:element name="getCustomerAddress">  
  16.                     <xsd:complexType>  
  17.                          <xsd:sequence>  
  18.                               <xsd:element name="customerID" type="xsd:long"/>  
  19.                          </xsd:sequence>  
  20.                     </xsd:complexType>  
  21.                </xsd:element>  
  22.   
  23.                <xsd:element name="getCustomerAddressResponse" type="Address"/>  
  24.                <xsd:complexType name="Address">  
  25.                     <xsd:sequence>  
  26.                          <xsd:element name="street" type="xsd:string"/>  
  27.                          <xsd:element name="city" type="xsd:string"/>  
  28.                          <xsd:element name="zipCode" type="xsd:string"/>  
  29.                     </xsd:sequence>  
  30.                </xsd:complexType>  
  31.   
  32.           </xsd:schema>  
  33.      </types>  
  34.   
  35.      <message name="getCustomerAddressInput">  
  36.           <part name="params" element="xsd1:getCustomerAddress"/>  
  37.      </message>  
  38.      <message name="getCustomerAddressOutput">  
  39.           <part name="params" element="xsd1:getCustomerAddressResponse"/>  
  40.      </message>  
  41.   
  42.      <portType name="CustomerInterface" >  
  43.           <operation name="getCustomerAddress">  
  44.                <input message="tns:getCustomerAddressInput" />  
  45.                <output message="tns:getCustomerAddressOutput" />  
  46.           </operation>  
  47.      </portType>  
  48.   
  49.      <binding name="CustomerSOAPBinding"  
  50.           type="tns:CustomerInterface" >  
  51.           <soap:binding style="document"  
  52.           transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http" />  
  53.           <operation name="getCustomerAddress">  
  54.                <soap:operation  
  55.                soapAction="http://soa-in-practice.com/getCustomerAddress" />  
  56.                <input>  
  57.                     <soap:body use="literal" />  
  58.                </input>  
  59.                <output>  
  60.                     <soap:body use="literal" />  
  61.                </output>  
  62.           </operation>  
  63.      </binding>  
  64.   
  65.      <service name="CustomerService" >  
  66.           <port name="CustomerPort"  
  67.                binding="tns:CustomerSOAPBinding">  
  68.                <soap:address  
  69.                location="http://soa-in-practice.com/customer11"/>  
  70.           </port>  
  71.      </service>  
  72.   
  73. </definitions>  
WSDL文件的解读
阅读一个WSDL,需要从下往上看
最后的<service>节点定义了这个服务的名称为CustomerService,并且该服务可以在http://soa-in-practice.com/customer11找到。
     <service name="CustomerService" >
          <port name="CustomerPort"
               binding="tns:CustomerSOAPBinding">
               <soap:address
               location="http://soa-in-practice.com/customer11"/>
          </port>
     </service>
 
<binding>节点定义了用来提供Webservice的协议和格式。CustomerSOABiding是Binding的名称,并指出Binding要从哪个接口开始(这里是从CustomerInterface这个接口开始)
     <binding name="CustomerSOAPBinding"
          type="tns:CustomerInterface" >
          <soap:binding style="document"
          transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http" />
          <operation name="getCustomerAddress">
               <soap:operation
               soapAction="http://soa-in-practice.com/getCustomerAddress" />
               <input>
                    <soap:body use="literal" />
               </input>
               <output>
                    <soap:body use="literal" />
               </output>
          </operation>
     </binding>
 
<portType>描述了CustomerInterface这个接口,其中接口包含一个叫getCustomerAddress的Operation。在Operation下边,getCustomerAddressInput和getCustomerAddressOutput是这个Operation的输入消息和输出消息。
     <portType name="CustomerInterface" >
          <operation name="getCustomerAddress">
               <input message="tns:getCustomerAddressInput" />
               <output message="tns:getCustomerAddressOutput" />
          </operation>
     </portType>
 
<message>节点定义了各个消息,使用的是<portType>节点引用的标识符。
     <message name="getCustomerAddressInput">
          <part name="params" element="xsd1:getCustomerAddress"/>
     </message>
     <message name="getCustomerAddressOutput">
          <part name="params" element="xsd1:getCustomerAddressResponse"/>
     </message>
 
<type>节点定义了将会使用到的数据类型:输入参数customerID的类型为long,输出参数address的类型是有3个字符串属性的结构/记录。所有类型在自己的命名空间xsd1中。
     <types>
          <xsd:schema
               targetNamespace="http://soa-in-practice.com/xsd"
               xmlns="http://soa-in-practice.com/xsd">

               <xsd:element name="getCustomerAddress">
                    <xsd:complexType>
                         <xsd:sequence>
                              <xsd:element name="customerID" type="xsd:long"/>
                         </xsd:sequence>
                    </xsd:complexType>
               </xsd:element>

               <xsd:element name="getCustomerAddressResponse" type="Address"/>
               <xsd:complexType name="Address">
                    <xsd:sequence>
                         <xsd:element name="street" type="xsd:string"/>
                         <xsd:element name="city" type="xsd:string"/>
                         <xsd:element name="zipCode" type="xsd:string"/>
                    </xsd:sequence>
               </xsd:complexType>

          </xsd:schema>
     </types>

SOAP

 SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)是一个消息框架,这个消息框架是基于XML协议的,从下图能够看到,SOAP的框架非常像HTTP协议,都包含的消息的Header和消息的Body,只不过SOAP是Web Service数据交换的专用协议。SOAP是HTTP的上层协议,最终还是通过HTTP来传输数据。
 
SOAP Reqeust Example
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  1. <?xml version='1.0' ?>  
  2. <soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">  
  3.      <soap:Header>  
  4.           ...  
  5.      </soap:Header>  
  6.      <soap:Body>  
  7.           <getCustomerAddress xmlns="http://soa-in-practice.com/xsd">  
  8.                <customerID>12345678</customerID>  
  9.           </getCustomerAddress >  
  10.      </soap:Body>  
  11. </soap:Envelope>  
SOAP Response Example
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  1. <?xml version='1.0' ?>  
  2. <soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">  
  3.      <soap:Header>  
  4.           ...  
  5.      </soap:Header>  
  6.      <soap:Body>  
  7.           <getCustomerAddressResponse xmlns="http://soa-in-practice.com/xsd">  
  8.                <address>  
  9.                     <street>Gaussstr. 29</street>  
  10.                     <city>Braunschweig</city>  
  11.                     <zipCode>D-38106</zipCode>  
  12.                </address>  
  13.           </getCustomerAddressResponse>  
  14.      </soap:Body>  
  15. </soap:Envelope>  
SOAP消息的根元素为<Envelope>
从上边可以看出SOAP是基于XML的,除了组织结构,其他非常类似于HTTP的Request和Response。
 
SOAP 1.2可以以http为基础,也可以运行在其他协议之上 

发送
POST /DEMOWebServices2.8/Service.asmx HTTP/1.1
Host: api.efxnow.com
Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap12:Envelopexmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">
<soap12:Body>
<CancelOrder xmlns="https://api.efxnow.com/webservices2.3">
<UserID>string</UserID>
<PWD>string</PWD>
<OrderConfirmation>string</OrderConfirmation>
</CancelOrder>
</soap12:Body>
</soap12:Envelope>
回复
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap12:Envelopexmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">
<soap12:Body>
<CancelOrderResponse xmlns="https://api.efxnow.com/webservices2.3">
<CancelOrderResult>
<Success>boolean</Success>
<ErrorDescription>string</ErrorDescription>
<ErrorNumber>int</ErrorNumber>
<CustomerOrderReference>long</CustomerOrderReference>
<OrderConfirmation>string</OrderConfirmation>
<CustomerDealRef>string</CustomerDealRef>
</CancelOrderResult>
</CancelOrderResponse>
</soap12:Body>
</soap12:Envelope>
posted @ 2016-04-17 21:46  YDDMAX  阅读(221)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报