STM32之时钟

一、RCC是什么?

  RCC: Reset Clock Control,时钟和复位控制器

二、RCC的主要作用

  1、设置系统时钟SYSCLK 
  2、设置AHB分频因子(决定HCLK等于多少) 
  3、设置APB2分频因子(决定PCLK2等于多少) 
  4、设置APB1分频因子(决定PCLK1等于多少) 
  5、设置各个外设的分频因子 
  6、控制AHB、APB2和APB1三条总线时钟的开启、控制每个外设时钟的开启。 
注意:STM32库函数中时钟的标准配置为PCLK2=HCLK=SYSCLK=PLLCLK=72M,PCLK1=HCLK/2=36M

三、系统时钟库函数

  对于系统时钟的配置,在固件库文件system_stm32f10x.c中。如下所示:

static void SetSysClockTo72(void)
{
  __IO uint32_t StartUpCounter = 0, HSEStatus = 0;

  /* SYSCLK, HCLK, PCLK2 and PCLK1 configuration ---------------------------*/    
  /* Enable HSE */    
  RCC->CR |= ((uint32_t)RCC_CR_HSEON);

  /* Wait till HSE is ready and if Time out is reached exit */
  do
  {
    HSEStatus = RCC->CR & RCC_CR_HSERDY;
    StartUpCounter++;  
  } while((HSEStatus == 0) && (StartUpCounter != HSE_STARTUP_TIMEOUT));

  if ((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_HSERDY) != RESET)
  {
    HSEStatus = (uint32_t)0x01;
  }
  else
  {
    HSEStatus = (uint32_t)0x00;
  }  

  if (HSEStatus == (uint32_t)0x01)
  {
    /* Enable Prefetch Buffer */
    FLASH->ACR |= FLASH_ACR_PRFTBE;

    /* Flash 2 wait state */
    FLASH->ACR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~FLASH_ACR_LATENCY);
    FLASH->ACR |= (uint32_t)FLASH_ACR_LATENCY_2;    


    /* HCLK = SYSCLK */
    RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_HPRE_DIV1;

    /* PCLK2 = HCLK */
    RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_PPRE2_DIV1;

    /* PCLK1 = HCLK */
    RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_PPRE1_DIV2;

#ifdef STM32F10X_CL
    /* Configure PLLs ------------------------------------------------------*/
    /* PLL2 configuration: PLL2CLK = (HSE / 5) * 8 = 40 MHz */
    /* PREDIV1 configuration: PREDIV1CLK = PLL2 / 5 = 8 MHz */

    RCC->CFGR2 &= (uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV2 | RCC_CFGR2_PLL2MUL |
                              RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1 | RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1SRC);
    RCC->CFGR2 |= (uint32_t)(RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV2_DIV5 | RCC_CFGR2_PLL2MUL8 |
                             RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1SRC_PLL2 | RCC_CFGR2_PREDIV1_DIV5);

    /* Enable PLL2 */
    RCC->CR |= RCC_CR_PLL2ON;
    /* Wait till PLL2 is ready */
    while((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_PLL2RDY) == 0)
    {
    }


    /* PLL configuration: PLLCLK = PREDIV1 * 9 = 72 MHz */ 
    RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_PLLXTPRE | RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC | RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL);
    RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)(RCC_CFGR_PLLXTPRE_PREDIV1 | RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC_PREDIV1 | 
                            RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL9); 
#else    
    /*  PLL configuration: PLLCLK = HSE * 9 = 72 MHz */
    RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC | RCC_CFGR_PLLXTPRE |
                                        RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL));
    RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)(RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC_HSE | RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL6);               //12*6=72M
#endif /* STM32F10X_CL */

    /* Enable PLL */
    RCC->CR |= RCC_CR_PLLON;

    /* Wait till PLL is ready */
    while((RCC->CR & RCC_CR_PLLRDY) == 0)
    {
    }

    /* Select PLL as system clock source */
    RCC->CFGR &= (uint32_t)((uint32_t)~(RCC_CFGR_SW));
    RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_SW_PLL;    

    /* Wait till PLL is used as system clock source */
    while ((RCC->CFGR & (uint32_t)RCC_CFGR_SWS) != (uint32_t)0x08)
    {
    }
  }
  else
  { /* If HSE fails to start-up, the application will have wrong clock 
         configuration. User can add here some code to deal with this error */
  }
}

 

四、STM32的HSE时钟

  HSE是高速的外部时钟信号,可以由有源晶振或者无源晶振提供。频率为4-16MHz。 
  HSE最常用的是8M的无源晶振。当外部晶振为8M时,不需要对固件库中的系统时钟配置函数进行修改,但是,如果我们选择的外部晶振不是8M的,则需要对固件库中的系统时钟的配置做一修改。如我们所使用的外部晶振为12M,则需要做如下修改。 
  1、修改stm32f10x.h文件 
    打开stm32f10x.h文件,修改如下代码(119行)

#define HSE_VALUE    ((uint32_t)8000000)            //修改之前

#define HSE_VALUE    ((uint32_t)12000000)           //修改之后

 

 

  2、修改system_stm32f10x.c中的系统时钟配置函数

    打开system_stm32f10x.c文件,修改如下代码(1056行)

 RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)(RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC_HSE | RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL9);             //修改之前,HSE=8M,9倍频之后为8*9=72M

  RCC->CFGR |= (uint32_t)(RCC_CFGR_PLLSRC_HSE | RCC_CFGR_PLLMULL6);             //修改之后,HSE=12M,6倍频之后为12*6=72M

 

posted @ 2017-06-15 23:15  北丐BeiGai  阅读(788)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报