Mysql 源码安装

一、文章说明

  最近接触到mysql数据库，因此闲来研究一下，今天演示一下用源码安装mysql，如果使用rpm包安装的话个人感觉挺简单的。

  环境说明：

    操作系统：rhel 5.4 x86

    Mysql版本：mysql-5.5.22

二、安装cmake(mysql5.5以后是通过cmake来编译的)

  在mysql5.5之前的话直接编辑就可以，而在5.5以后需要通过cmake来编译，在附录中介绍一下直接编译。

  下载cmake-2.8.4.tar.gz，本人是在度娘搜的。

[root@node4 ~]# tar -zxvf cmake-2.8.4.tar.gz
[root@node4 ~]# cd cmake-2.8.4
[root@node4 cmake-2.8.4]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/cmake
----在这里可以使用# gmake && make install
[root@node4 cmake-2.8.4]# make
[root@node4 cmake-2.8.4]# make install

  备注：configure需要执行编译到目录。
三、创建mysql的安装目录及数据库存放目录

[root@node4 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/mysql5.5
[root@node4 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/mysql5.5/data 

四、创建mysql用户及用户组

[root@node4 ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@node4 ~]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

五、安装mysql

[root@node4 ~]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.5.22.tar.gz
[root@node4 ~]# cd mysql-5.5.22
----编译出现以下错误，需要ncurses-devel
[root@node4 mysql-5.5.22]#/usr/local/cmake/bin/cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mysql5.5 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/opt/mysql5.5/data -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci  -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all  -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1
-- MySQL 5.5.22
-- Could NOT find Curses (missing:  CURSES_LIBRARY CURSES_INCLUDE_PATH) 
CMake Error at cmake/readline.cmake:83 (MESSAGE):
  Curses library not found.  Please install appropriate package,

      remove CMakeCache.txt and rerun cmake.On Debian/Ubuntu, package name is libncurses5-dev, on Redhat and derivates it is ncurses-devel.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  cmake/readline.cmake:127 (FIND_CURSES)
  cmake/readline.cmake:217 (MYSQL_USE_BUNDLED_LIBEDIT)
  CMakeLists.txt:268 (MYSQL_CHECK_READLINE)

-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!

----查看ncurses是否安装：
[root@node4 mysql-5.5.22]# rpm -qa|grep necurses
ncurses-5.5-24.20060715
----安装ncurses-devel
[root@node4]# rpm -ivh ncurses-devel-5.5-24.20060715.i386.rpm 
warning: ncurses-devel-5.5-24.20060715.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:ncurses-devel          ########################################### [100%]

----删除CMakeCache.txt
[root@node4 mysql-5.5.22]# find / -name CMakeCache.txt
/root/mysql-5.5.22/CMakeCache.txt
/root/cmake-2.8.4/CMakeCache.txt
/root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/ComplexOneConfig/Cache/CMakeCache.txt
/root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/Complex/Cache/CMakeCache.txt
/root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/CMakeFiles/CheckFortran/CMakeCache.txt
/root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/ComplexRelativePaths/Cache/CMakeCache.txt
[root@node4 mysql-5.5.22]# rm /root/mysql-5.5.22/CMakeCache.txt
rm: remove regular file `/root/mysql-5.5.22/CMakeCache.txt'? yes
[root@node4 mysql-5.5.22]# rm /root/cmake-2.8.4/CMakeCache.txt
rm: remove regular file `/root/cmake-2.8.4/CMakeCache.txt'? yes
[root@node4 mysql-5.5.22]# rm /root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/ComplexOneConfig/Cache/CMakeCache.txt
rm: remove regular file `/root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/ComplexOneConfig/Cache/CMakeCache.txt'? yes
[root@node4 mysql-5.5.22]# rm /root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/Complex/Cache/CMakeCache.txt
rm: remove regular file `/root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/Complex/Cache/CMakeCache.txt'? yes
[root@node4 mysql-5.5.22]# rm /root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/CMakeFiles/CheckFortran/CMakeCache.txt
rm: remove regular file `/root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/CMakeFiles/CheckFortran/CMakeCache.txt'? yes
[root@node4 mysql-5.5.22]# rm /root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/ComplexRelativePaths/Cache/CMakeCache.txt
rm: remove regular file `/root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/ComplexRelativePaths/Cache/CMakeCache.txt'? yes

----再次进行编译：
[root@node4 mysql-5.5.22]#/usr/local/cmake/bin/cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mysql5.5 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/opt/mysql5.5/data -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci  -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all  -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1
[root@node4 mysql-5.5.22]#make && make install

  备注：

-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql        //安装目录

-DINSTALL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data         //数据库存放目录

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8                    　　　　//使用utf8字符

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci            //校验字符

-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all                        　　　　//安装所有扩展字符集

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1                    　　  //允许从本地导入数据

  注意事项：

  重新编译时，需要清除旧的对象文件和缓存信息。

  #make clean

  #rm -f CMakeCache.txt

  #rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

六、设置目录权限

[root@node4 ~]# cd /opt/mysql5.5/
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# chown -R root:mysql .     //把当前目录中所有文件的所有者设为root，所属组为mysql                            
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# chown -R mysql:mysql data/

七、设置mysql配置文件

[root@node4 mysql5.5]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf    //将mysql的启动服务添加到系统服务中
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf my.cnf
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# more my.cnf 
----在mysqld下面添加basedir = /opt/mysql5.5 datadir = /opt/mysql5.5/data    
[mysqld]
port        = 3306
socket        = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
basedir = /opt/mysql5.5
datadir = /opt/mysql5.5/data

八、创建系统数据库的表

----在这里指定了配置文件和用户     
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# scripts/mysql_install_db  --defaults-file=./my.cnf --user=mysql      
Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

/opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h node4 password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:
/opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /opt/mysql5.5 ; /opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd /opt/mysql5.5/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems with the /opt/mysql5.5/scripts/mysqlbug script!

九、设置环境变量

[root@node4 ~]# vi /root/.bash_profile 
----在PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin添加参数为：

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/opt/mysql5.5/bin:/opt/mysql5.5/lib

[root@node4 ~]# source /root/.bash_profile 

十、手动启动mysql

[root@node4 mysql5.5]# ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &   //启动MySql但不能停止
[1] 27412
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# 130728 08:34:38 mysqld_safe Logging to '/opt/mysql5.5/data/node4.err'.
130728 08:34:38 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /opt/mysql5.5/data

----这里MYSQL的root用户还没有配置密码，所以空值。需要输入密码时，直接点回车键即可。                    
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# ./bin/mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown
Enter password: 
130728 08:34:46 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /opt/mysql5.5/data/node4.pid ended
[1]+  Done                    ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql

十一、另一个简单的启动mysql的方法(mysql已经被添加到系统服务中)

[root@node4 mysql5.5]# service mysql start
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# service mysql stop
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# service mysql restart

  如果上述命令出现：mysql未识别的服务

[root@node4 mysql5.5]# service mysql start
mysql.server: unrecognized service

  则可能mysql还没添加到系统服务中，下面用另一个方法添加：

[root@node4 mysql5.5]# cp support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL...                                          [  OK  ]
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# service mysql stop
Shutting down MySQL.                                       [  OK  ]

  注意：主要是将mysql.server拷贝到/etc/init.d中，命名为mysql。然后再用#service mysql start 来启动mysql即可。

十二、修改Mysql的root用户密码以及打开远程连接

[root@node4 ~]# /opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysql -u root mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.22-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> desc user;
----为root添加远程连接的能力。
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@"%" identified by "root";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> update user set Password = password('123456') where User='root';
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Rows matched: 5  Changed: 5  Warnings: 0

mysql> select Host,User,Password from user where User='root';
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| Host      | User | Password                                  |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| node4     | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| ::1       | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| %         | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> exit;
Bye

[root@node4 ~]# /opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.22-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.10 sec)
mysql> select version();
+------------+
| version()  |
+------------+
| 5.5.22-log |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

附录：
  1. groupadd mysql
  2. useradd -g mysql mysql
  3. tar zxvf mysql-VERSION.tar.gz
  4. cd mysql-VERSION
  5. ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql  
  --without-debug  
  --enable-thread-safe-client 
  --enable-assembler  
  --enable-profiling  
  --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static 
  --with-client-ldflags=-all-static  
  --with-charset=latin1  
  --with-extra-charsets=utf8,gbk 
  --with-mysqld-user=mysql  
  --without-embedded-server 
  --with-server-suffix=bbk  
  --with-plugins=innobase,partition
  6. make
  7. make install
  8.mkdir data
  9.chown mysql:mysql ./data/ -R
  10. cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
  11.在my.cnf mysqld标签下中添加：
     basedir=/opt/mysql5
     datadir=/opt/mysql5/data
  12. ./bin/mysql_install_db --default-file=./my.cnf --user=mysql
  13. select version();